- Stepwise introduction of thiolates in copper-indium binuclear complexes
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We report the synthesis and characterization of copper-indium binuclear I-III complexes composing the series (Ph3P)2CuIn(SEt) xCl4-x (1-5; 0 ≤ x ≤ 4). Members of the series, which are prepared by variations in t
- Margulieux, Kelsey R.,Sun, Chivin,Zakharov, Lev N.,Holland, Andrew W.,Pak, Joshua J.
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- Effect of Cu/In molar ratio on the microstructural and optical properties of microcrystalline CuInS2 prepared by solvothermal route
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Synthesis and characterization of CuInS2 powder sample prepared by a simple and convenient solvothermal method is reported. The influence of the variation of Cu/In molar ratio from 0.69 to 1.25 on the particle morphology, crystal structure and optical properties of CuInS2 samples was studied. The X-ray diffraction studies indicated that the samples were polycrystalline in nature. SEM images of the samples revealed that the copper-rich products were uniform microspheres with smooth surfaces, whereas microspheres formed by network of interconnected flakes were obtained for indium-rich products. The optical band gaps (Eg) of the products decreased from 1.60 to 1.43 eV with variation of Cu/In molar ratio. The variation of the Urbach tail width with Cu/In molar ratio indicated that the density of the defects is much higher for the indium-rich CuInS2, which was clearly revealed from Raman measurements.
- Das, Kajari,Panda, Subhendu K.,Gorai, Soma,Mishra, Pratima,Chaudhuri, Subhadra
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- Synthesis of indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles from the hydrolyzate of a composite complex salt
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A composite complex salt-(NH4)1.91(In0.91Sn0.09)Cl5·?H2O-was synthesized from the starting materials InCl3, HCl, SnCl4 and NH4HCO3. The hydrolyzate of (NH4)1.91(In0.91Sn0.09)Cl5·?H2O were prepared under the condition of room temperature and fiercely stirring, using NH4HCO3 as precipitator and polyethylene glycol as disperser. Indium-tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles were prepared by calcined the hydrolyzate at 700°C for 1 h in air. The prepared ITO particles were characterized via X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and laser particle size analyzer. The results indicated the average crystalline grain size, a primary particle size and an average aggregation size of prepared ITO powders is 34.6 nm, 50-100 nm and of 107 nm, respectively. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Chen, Lin,Song, Jie-Guang,Yan, Dong-Liang,Qin, Yue-Ning,Wu, Bo-Lin
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- Supramolecular ensembles of indium thiocyanates with the [K(18C6)] + complexes
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Supramolecular ensembles containing cations [K(18C6)]+ and anions [In(NCS)6]3- were isolated from the InCl 3-KNCS-18C6-CH3OH system. The associates were identified by the data of elemental analysis, I
- Ilyukhin,Petrosyants
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- The thermodynamic characteristics of ion exchange in a sulfonated polymer based on cis-tetraphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene
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The selectivity and thermodynamic characteristics of exchange of protons in SO3H groups of a sulfonated network polymer based on cis-tetraphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene for Na+, Cu2+, and In3+ cations from aqueous solutions are considered. Semiempirical quantum-chemical calculations of molecular ensembles modeling the structure of the elementary polymer unit in the H and Na forms were performed. The experimental data on the equilibrium phase compositions and the heat of exchange were used to calculate the thermodynamic equilibrium constants, Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of ion exchange.
- Al'tshuler,Sapozhnikova,Ostapova,Al'tshuler
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- Chemical vapor transport of ternary indium molybdates
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An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the system In/Mo/O at 1273 K was established by isothermal equilibration and XRD analyses of quenched samples. The chemical vapor transport of In2Mo3O 12 was investigated in dependence on mean transport temperature (823 K to 1123 K) and amount of transport agent (Cl2 or Br2). The observed transport behaviour is compared with results of thermodynamical calculations and the influence of mean temperature, transport agent and moisture contents is described in detail. Single crystals of the metal rich compound InMo4O6 were grown by chemical vapor transport in a temperature gradient 1273 K to 1173 K using H2O as transport agent. The gaseous compound In2MoO4(g) accounts for the chemical vapor transport of molybdenium compounds in the metal rich part of the ternary phase diagram In/Mo/O.
- Steiner, Udo,Reichelt, Werner
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- Kinetic study on the chlorination of indium oxide
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In this paper, the chlorination of In2O3 has been studied using gaseous chlorine as chlorinating agent. The results of the thermodynamic analysis for the reaction of In2O3 chlorination indicate that this reactio
- Túnez,Orosco,González,Ruiz, M. Del C.
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- Recovery of indium from In2O3 and liquid crystal display powder via a chloride volatilization process using polyvinyl chloride
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Indium (In) was recovered from indium oxide (In2O3) and liquid crystal display (LCD) powder via a chloride volatilization process using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the chlorination agent. The recovery of In from In2O3
- Park, Kye-Sung,Sato, Wakao,Grause, Guido,Kameda, Tomohito,Yoshioka, Toshiaki
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- Characterization of nano-InVO4 powders synthesized by the hydrothermal process on various In/V molar ratio and soaking conditions
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Various hydrothermal parameters such as the In/V ratio of starting materials, soaking time and additives were conducted to examine the resulting phase formation and particle morphology of InVO4. The possible reaction during InVO4 for
- Yao, June-Min,Lee, Chung-Kang,Yang, Shien-Jen,Hwang, Chii-Shyang
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- Adducts of the heavier group 13 element halides with aminoiminoboranes [1]
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2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidino-tert-butylimino borane, 1a, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidino-2,6-diisopropylphenylimino borane (1b), react with the trichlorides of Al, Ga and In or with AlBr3 to 1:1 to give the addition products tmp=B=N(ECl3)tBu (E = Ga (2a), In (2b) and tmp = B = N(EHal3)(C6H3,2,6-iPr2), (E = Al, Hal = Cl, (2c), E = Al, Hal = Br (2d)). E = Ga, Hal = Cl (2e). All these compounds have an allene type structure with short BN bonds as shown by the determination of the crystal structures of 2a, b. NMR data are in accord with this structure. No isomerization to tmp-BHal-NR-EHal2 has been observed at temperatures up to their melting points.
- B?ck, Barbara,Braun, Ulrike,Habereder, Tassilo,Mayer, Peter,N?th, Heinrich
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p. 681 - 684
(2007/10/03)
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- Kinetically controlled solid state reactions in the system InCl3/Sn
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This paper reports on studies on the reactivity of metallic Sn in a solid state reaction in the system In-Sn-Cl. The reaction route is investigated by thermoanalysis and XRD measurements. The reaction of InCl3 with Sn to form InSnCl3 does not proceed directly but in several steps giving 4 intermediate phases. It can be interpreted as a kinetically controlled reaction where intermediate phases with a smaller degree of order and higher diffusivity are preferentially formed outside thermodynamic equilibria.
- Kallmayer,Beck
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p. 1085 - 1090
(2008/10/08)
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- Ternary halides of the A3MX6 type. VIII on the crystal structure of Li3InCl6
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Colorless single crystals of Li3InCl6 are obtained from a 3:1 molar mixture of LiCl and InCl3 via Bridgman-type crystal growth. The crystal structure (monoclinic, C2/m, Z = 2, a = 643.2(3), b = 1109.3(3), c = 639.8(3) pm, β= 109.8(1)° R1 = 0.0549, wR2 = 0.1364 (all data) may be derived from the AlCl3-type of structure as was previously also found for the bromides Li3MBr6 (M = Sm-Lu, Y) and iodides Li3MI6 (M = Er-Yb, Y).
- Schmidt, Michael O.,Wickleder, Mathias S.,Meyer, Gerd
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p. 539 - 540
(2008/10/08)
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- Reaction of Indium Trioxide with a Mixture of Chlorine and Tin Tetrachloride
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Thermodynamic calculations and kinetic investigations of the reaction of indium trioxide with a mixture of chlorine and tin tetrachloride at 600-800°C and 5-50 vol % SnCl4 in the gas phase are reported. It is found that indium chloride sublimation depends on both the SnCl4 concentration and the extent of the reaction.
- Anufrieva,Derlyukova
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p. 326 - 329
(2008/10/08)
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- 115In NMR studies of reactions of indium trihalides with halides and pseudohalides in acetonitrile solution. Complexes with different coordination numbers
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115In NMR studies are reported for the reactions of InX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) salts with halides (X = Cl, Br, I) and pseudohalides (NCS, NO2) in acetonitrile. The resonances of InX4- anions are observed for InX3 solutions and InX3-Y (X = Y = Cl, Br, I; Y = NCS, NO2) systems. Mixed InXnY4-n- anions can be obtained for the mixtures of InX3 and InY3 solutions or by the reactions of InX3 with Y- (X ≠ Y = Cl, Br, I). In (NCS)63- and In(NO2)63- complexes are first detected by 115In NMR, and they are all found to be N-coordinated to indium in solution according to 14N NMR data. The coexistence of six-coordinate In(NCS)63- or In(NO2)63- species with tetrahedral InX4- anions in solution is a new example of configuration equilibrium in the coordination chemistry of indium.
- Malyarick,Petrosyants
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p. 2265 - 2268
(2008/10/08)
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- Direct electrochemical synthesis of X2InCH2X compounds (X = Br, I) and a study of their coordination chemistry
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The electrochemical oxidation of indium in CH2X2/CH3CN media (X = Cl, Br, I) gives InX. Indium(I) chloride disproportionates, but InBr or InI react with CH2X2 to give X2InCH2X (X
- Annan, Theodore A.,Tuck, Dennis G.,Khan, Masood A.,Peppe, Clovis
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p. 2159 - 2166
(2008/10/08)
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- Sinthesis and High-Pressure Behaviour of Quaternary Chalcogenide Halides M2M'X3Y (M = Zn, Cd; M' = Al, Ga, In; X = Se, Te; Y = Cl, Br, I)
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Quaternary chalcogenide halides M2M'X3Y (M = Zn, Cd; M' = Al, Ga, In; X = Se, Te; Y = Cl, Br, I) can be synthesized by heating stoichiometric amounts of the binary components MX, MY2, and M'2X3 in evacuated sealed quartz ampoules.In the case of aluminium and gallium compounds, a mixture of the M' and X elements rather than the binary compounds has been used.The products are typical tetrahedral compounds, crystallizing with either the defect wurtzite-type or the defect zinc-blende-type structure.At 25 kbar, and 1400 deg C, Cd2InSe3Cl, Cd2InSe3Br, and Cd2InSe3I transform from the defect wurtzite-type structure to quenchable high-pressure phases with defect NaCl-type structure.The retransformation to the ambient-pressure phases proceeds via intermediates having the defect zinc-blende-type structure.Some aspects of the apparent nonstoichiometry in the high-pressure phases are discussed. - Keywords: Quaternary Chalcogenide Halides, Synthesis, Crystal Structure, High-Pressure Reactions
- Range, Klaus-Juergen,Handrick, Karin
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p. 153 - 158
(2007/10/02)
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- Crystal chemistry of complex indium(III) and other M(III) halides, with a discussion of M-Cl bond lengths in complex M(III) chlorides and of the structures of and hydrogen bonding in (NH4)2, K3InCl6*nH2O, (MeNH3)4Cl, and (Me2NH2)4Cl
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The crystal chemistry of complex In(III) halides is discussed and compared with that of other Group III elements and Fe(III), with critical comments and analysis of the available information.The cation/anion packing types occuring among A+3+X4> halides are classified according to volume per formula unit and the relative ionic sizes of M, X, and A, and the structural trends in this class of compounds are identified.The effect of systematic factors responsible for variation in M(III)-Cl bond lengths is examined in detail.It is shown that the mean M(III)-Cl bond lengths in nLm>ε (M= Al, Ga, Fe, In, Tl; L= Cl or a neutral ligand) complexes can be approximated, to within about 0.02 Angstroem, by a linear function of the coordination number CN = n+m and the charge ε over the range 3 a norm for comparing M(III)-Cl bond legths and demonstrates that the CN is always a more important factor than ε in determining the variation in the mean bond length and that it becomes dominant when M is small.The crystal structure of (Me2NH2)4Cl (P21212, a=10.156(4) Angstroem, b=13.007(4) Angstroem, c=8.751(3) Angstroem, Z=2) has been determined and those of (NH4)2 (Pnma, a=13.953(4) Angstroem, b=10.086(5) Angstroem, c=7.152(3) Angstroem, Z=4), K3InCl6*nH2O (I4mm, a=15.659(8) Angstroem, c=18.106(5) Angstroem, Z=14) and (MeNH3)4Cl (P2/n, a=16.113(3) Angstroem, b=7.446(2) Angstroem, c=16.163(4) Angstroem, β=103.75(2) deg, Z=4) redetermined.The water in K3InCl6*nH2O appears to be in part zeolitic; the hydrate examined contained more water than the monohydrate reported previously.Hydrogen bonding in these and related structures is described and discussed in detail; descriptions of the hydrogen-bonding schemes in (NH4)2 and (MeNH3)4Cl constitute the main improvement over earlier structure determinations.
- Knop, Osvald,Cameron, T. Stanley,Adhikesavalu, D.,Vincent, Beverly R.,Jenkins, James A.
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p. 1527 - 1556
(2007/10/02)
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