- Interaction of K2PdCl4 with aminoalkyldiphosphonic acids
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Complexing of K2PdCl4 with 3-amino-1- hydroxypropylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (AHPDP) and 1-aminoethylidene-1,1- diphosphonic acid (AEDP) was studied by pH titration, spectrophotometry, and 31P NMR spectroscopy using metal to ligand mole ratios of 1: 1 and 1: 2. In equimolar complexes, AHPDP is coordinated to palladium(II) via two phosphonic oxygen atoms, whereas AEDP is coordinated via the amino nitrogen atom and a phosphonic oxygen atom. In the bisligand palladium(II) complex with AEDP, both ligand molecules are coordinated in a bidentate mode by the amino nitrogen atom and a phosphonic oxygen atom.
- Kozachkova,Dudko,Tsaryk,Trachevskii,Rozhenko,Pekhn'O
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- Synthesis and characterization of polymeric Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Au(III) complexes of 2,2′-(1,4-phenylenedivinylene)-bis-8-hydroxyquinoline
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The complexes of 2,2′-(1,4-Phenylenedivinylene)-bis-8- hydroxyquinoline (LH2) with K2PdCl4, H 2PtCl6 and HAuCl4 were synthesized and characterized with 1H-and 13C-NMR, elemental analysis, FT-IR, and molar conductivity. Au(III) and Pt(IV) complexes have characteristic conductance, while the Pd(II) complex has a non-ionic structure according to the molar conductivity and elemental analysis. Pleiades Publishing, Inc. 2006.
- Tavman, Aydin,Hayvali, Mustafa,Filik, Hayati,Kili?, Emine
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- Five novel palladium(II) complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline and amino acids with hydrophobic side chains: synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity, DNA- and BSA-interaction studies
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The side effects and resistance of metal-based anticancer drugs prompted us to synthesis a novel series of five Pd(II) complexes of the type [Pd(8-QO)(AA)]; where 8-QO = anion of 8-hydroxyquinoline and AA = anions of amino acids having nonpolar aliphatic side chain such as glycine (–H), alanine (–CH3), valine (–CH(CH3)2), leucine (–CH2–CH(CH3)2) and isoleucine (–CH(CH3)CH2–CH3). The complexes have been characterized with the help of FT-IR, UV–Vis, one and two-dimensional 1H-NMR, elemental analysis and conductivity measurements. On the basis of these characterization data, a four coordinated square planar geometry for all of these complexes have been proposed. The compounds were screened for their in vitro activities against human cancer cell line, MOLT-4 and their 50% inhibition concentration were ascertained by means of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)?assay. Since four out of the five newly synthesized compounds were found to be more active than the standard anticancer drug, cisplatin, their detailed interaction with calf thymus DNA (as a target) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) (as a carrier) were also carried out by utilizing absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and ethidium bromide displacement studies. In these experiments, several binding and thermodynamic parameters were also calculated. These results suggested that hydrogen binding and van der Waals forces play a major role in the interaction between metal complexes with CT-DNA and BSA. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
- Mohammadi, Fatemeh,Mansouri-Torshizi, Hassan
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- Synthesis, crystal structure, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anticancer activities of new Pd(II) complexes of tri-p-tolyl phosphine with thiones
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Four Pd(II) complexes of general formula [Pd(L1)2(L2)2], where L1 = pyridine-2(1H)-thione, pyrimidine-2(1H)-thione, pyridine-4(1H)-thione, and pyridine-4(1H)-thione, L2 = tri-p-tolylphosphine, have been synthesized by direct reaction of K2[PdCl4] with phosphine and heterocyclic thiones ligands in 1 : 2 : 2 molar ratio. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The complexes 1 and 2 were also characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction which revealed that the Pd(II) atom adopted a nearly square planar geometry with two tri-p-tolyphosphine molecules bound in a trans fashion and also two pyridine-2(1H)-thione (1) or pyrimidine-2(1H)-thione (2) molecules trans to each other. The compounds were tested for antibacterial activity, DNA interaction by brine shrimp lethality bioassay, antitumor activity, and gel electrophoresis. The complexes demonstrated moderate activity against gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains in comparison with a standard drug imipenum. Their antitumor activity against MCF7 tumor cell line was determined to be comparable to that of doxorubicin. The investigated compounds demonstrated no cytotoxic effect in brine shrimp bioassay study.
- Aziz,Sirajuddin,Nadeem,Tirmizi,Khan,Munir,Ullah,Farooqi,Khan,Tahir
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- Interaction of bis(alkylamine)dichloropalladium(II) complexes with CT-DNA and BSA; their synthesis, characterization, antitumor, and antibacterial evaluations
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A series of five new and analogous palladium(II) alkylamine complexes of cisplatin derivatives such as cis-[Pd(alkyl-am)2Cl2], where alkyl-am is Ethyl-, Propyl-, Butyl-, Hexyl-, and Octyl-amine, have been prepared. They have been characterized by physicochemical methods such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR, UV-Vis, conductivity measurements and elemental analysis. These synthesized metal complexes were screened for their in-vitro antitumor activity against human MOLT-4 cells. Only [Pd(Octyl-am)2Cl2] showed moderate activity. They were also tested against some gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria by measuring the values of IZ, MIC and MBC. All Pd(II) complexes displayed comparable activity with that of cefazoline as standard antibiotics. To clarify the mode of interaction between these compounds and CT-DNA and (BSA), their interaction behavior was checked using electronic absorption spectroscopy. Results indicated that all of the above mentioned Pd(II) complexes effectively interacted with CT-DNA and BSA at low concentration and the distance between the interacted Pd(II) complexes and BSA were in the range of 3.00–3.30 nm. Fluorescence emission studies revealed that the complexes quenched CT-DNA pretreated with methylene blue (MB) and the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA through static quenching procedure. Using the binding constant (K b) obtained from fluorescence studies, thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) suggested that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces, as well as hydrophobic interaction, play the major role between metal complexes with CT-DNA and BSA. In all cases the binding forces were spontaneous owing to –ΔG°. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
- Mohammadlou, Farahnaz,Mansouri-Torshizi, Hassan,Abdi, Khatereh
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- Modular chelated palladium diaminocarbene complexes: Synthesis, characterization, and optimization of catalytic Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling activity by ligand modification
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A general, two-step procedure is reported for the modular synthesis of a series of palladium complexes of chelating Chugaev-type diaminocarbene ligands via metal-templated addition of hydrazines to alkylisocyanides. This method afforded high yields of (dicarbene)palladium dihalide complexes with methyl, isopropyl, cyclohexyl, and tert-butyl substituents by addition of hydrazine to the corresponding alkylisocyanide, and analogous backbone-substituted complexes were prepared by palladium-templated addition of methylhydrazine to methylisocyanide. The complexes were fully characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopies. X-ray crystallographic analyses of four (dicarbene)palladium dibromide complexes revealed structural similarities with complexes of imidizole-based N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), characterizing these chelating ligands as strongly donating, resonance-stabilized diaminocarbenes. To examine whether these ligands are amenable to cross-coupling catalyst optimization via systematic ligand modification, a set of 10 (dicarbene)palladium dihalide complexes was tested as precatalysts in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of bromobenzene with phenylboronic acid. Substantial variations in catalytic activity were observed, and a backbone-substituted palladium dicarbene complex derived from methylhydrazine was identified as the most active precatalyst. Catalyst activities did not correlate with ligand sterics, and subtle electronic perturbation of carbene donor ability by the alkyl groups is proposed to be the origin of the differences in activity. The optimized catalyst was found to give high yields in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings of electron-poor aryl chlorides and a range of aryl bromides, although elevated temperatures (120°C) were necessary. Coupling reactions conducted open to air showed little formation of homocoupling byproduct and minimal loss of yield in most cases, identifying the optimized system as a rare example of an air-tolerant Suzuki-Miyaura catalyst. This study highlights the importance of a modular ligand design in fine-tuning the activity of a homogeneous catalyst.
- Moncada, Adriana I.,Manne, Sudhakar,Tanski, Joseph M.,Slaughter, LeGrande M.
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- Novel functionalized thiosemicarbazone ligands and their Pd(II) complexes: synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities
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Palladium (II) complexes of coumarinyl thiosemicarbazone derivatives as 1-(1-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) ethylidene) thiosemicarbazone (OCETh), 1-(1-(6-bromo-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) ethylidene) thiosemicarbazone (BOCETh) and 1-(1-(3-oxo-3H-benzo[f]chromen-2-yl)ethylidene) thiosemicarbazone (NOCETh) were prepared. The complexes have the formula [Pd (L) Cl]. DMF, where DMF = dimethylformamide and L = OCETh, BOCETh or NOCETh. The studied ligands act as a tridentate ligand by using azomethine nitrogen, carbonyl oxygen and thiol sulfur as a monoanion center of donation. The characterization part was carried out using different physicochemical tools such as elemental analysis, IR, UV–visible, mass, magnetic measurement and molar conductance techniques. The theoretical conformational structure analyses were performed using density functional theory for ligands and complexes at B3LYP functional with 6–31 ++G(d,p) basis set for ligands and LANL2DZ basis set for complexes. The charge distribution within the ligands and its pd(II) complexes was calculated using Mulliken population analysis of (MPA) and natural population analysis (NPA). The prepared pd(II) complexes showed a satisfactory cytotoxic effect results against the human colon cancer cell line (HCT-116). Additionally, docking study was performed on colon cancer target cyclin-dependent kinase-2 to understand the cytotoxic modes of actions by the active compounds. The antibacterial activity was tested against some types of Gram-positive and negative bacteria. Molecular docking investigation proved that all synthesized compounds had interesting interactions with the active site amino acids of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase. Density functional theory was used to theoretically analyze the conformational structure of the ligands and Pd (II) complexes.
- Hassan, Safaa S.,Gomha, Sobhi M.
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- Palladium(II)-palladium(II) bonding in two open clamshell dinuclear complexes
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Condensing 2-hydrazinopyridine separately with glyoxal and benzil in 2:1 mole ratio, two osazones LH2 and L′H2·H2O (H: dissociable proton) are synthesized. Their reactions with K2[PdCl4] afford red [Pd(LH)]2(Cl)(ClO4) (1) and [Pd(L′H)]2(ClO4)2 (2). In the X-ray crystal structures, they contain [Pd2(ligand)2]2+ cations with ligand = LH or L′H. They are open clamshell type, with angles of 58.9° and 40.1° in 1 and 2 respectively. The respective Pd-Pd distances in 1 and 2 are found to be 3.2669(6) and 3.0128(5) ?. While this distance in 1 is almost equal to the sum of the van der Waals' radii of two Pd atoms, it is significantly less in 2. Theoretical calculations and structural factors indicate some sort of interaction between the two Pd(ii) centers though the net bond order from the derived molecular orbitals for the Pd(ii)2 core is found to be zero. The situation is similar to the crystal field splitting in tetrahedral copper(i) complexes. In 1 and 2, the interactions between the two Pd(ii) centers increase as decreases. This is displayed in the difference in the redox potentials of the PdIIIPdII/PdIIPdII and PdIIIPdIII/PdIIIPdII couples in cyclic voltammetry, when compared with the same property in some similar dinuclear Pd(ii) complexes known in the literature.
- Patra, Shanti G.,Shee, Nirmal K.,Drew, Michael G. B.,Datta, Dipankar
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- Mononuclear perfluoroalkyl-heterocyclic complexes of PD(II): Synthesis, structural characterization and antimicrobial activity
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Two mononuclear Pd(II) complexes [PdCl2(pfptp)] (1) and [PdCl2(pfhtp)] (2), with ligands 2-(3-perfluoropropyl-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-5yl)-pyridine (pfptp) and 2-(3-perfluoroheptyl-1-methyl- 1,2,4-triazole-5yl)-pyridine (pfhtp), were synthesized and structurally characterized. The two complexes showed a bidentate coordination of the ligand occurring through N atom of pyridine ring and N4 atom of 1,2,4-triazole. Both complexes showed antimicrobial activity when tested against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains.
- Alduina, Rosa,Buscemi, Silvestre,Cancemi, Patrizia,Di Stefano, Vita,Girasolo, Maria Assunta,Orecchio, Santino,Pibiri, Ivana,Rubino, Simona
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- Impact of the carbon chain length of novel palladium(ll) Complexes on interaction with DNA and cytotoxic activity
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A series of Pd(II) complexes with a benzenealkyl dicarboxlate chain, with the formulas [Pd(Ln)(bipy)].mH2O (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine, complex 1: L1 = phenylmalonate, m = 2.5; complex 2: L2 = benzylmalonate, m = 1; complex 3: L3 = phenethylmatonate, m = 2; complex 4: L4 = phenylpropylmalonate, m = 5), have been prepared in an attempt to correlate factors about the carbon chain of the compounds with DNA binding and cytotoxic activity. The binding of complexes with fish sperm DNA (FS-DNA) was carried out by UV absorption and fluorescence spectra. A gel electrophoresis assay demonstrated the ability of the complexes to cleave the pBR322 plasmid DNA. The cytotoxic effects of these complexes were examined on four cancer cell lines, HeLa, Hep-G2, KB, and AGZY-83a. The four complexes exhibited cytotoxic specificity and a significant cancer cell inhibitory rate. An apparent dependence of DNAbinding properties and cytotoxicity on the carbon chain length was obtained: the longer the carbon chain length, the higher the efficiency of DNA-binding and the greater the cytotoxicity. 2010 American Chemical Society.
- Gao, Enjun,Zhu, Mingchang,Liu, Lei,Huang, Yun,Wang, Lei,Shi, Chuyue,Zhang, Wanzhong,Sun, Yaguang
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- Dielectric constant and dielectric relaxation in aqueous solutions of K2[PdCl4] and K2[PtCl4]
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The MW-dielectric properties of aqueous solutions of K 2[PtCl4] (I) and K2[PdCl4] (II) were studied at 298 and 313 K in the frequency range (12-25 GHz) corresponding to the maximum dielectric constant dispersion
- Lyashchenko,Loginova,Lileev,Ivanova,Efimenko
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- Self-assembly of [M(Hida)2] (Hida- = iminodiacetate; M = Pd and Pt) in a 2D supramolecular network via extensive hydrogen bonded interactions: Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure, spectroscopic and thermal studies
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Two hydrogen-bonded palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes, [Pd(Hida)2] (1) and [Pt(Hida)2] (2) (Hida- = iminodiacetate), have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Hida- serves as a bidentate ligand coordinating to both Pd(II) and Pt(II) through its nitrogen and oxygen atom, exhibiting a square planar geometry with a trans configuration. The uncoordinated carboxylic group and the imino group of the ligand are involved in strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding to form a two dimensional layered network in both the complexes. The network is propagated along the ac-plane and stacks orthogonally to the b-axis. The thermogravimetric analyses for complexes 1 and 2 reveal stepwise decomposition processes indicating the probable decarboxylation of the free and bonded carboxylates. As there are two types of hydrogen bonding (N-H?O, O-H?O) present in both the complexes, two endothermic peaks regarding heat change are evident from their DSC diagrams.
- Chakraborty, Jishnunil,Mayer-Figge, Heike,Sheldrick, William S.,Banerjee, Pradyot
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- Pd(II) and Au(I) chloride complexes with tetrakis(butylthiomethyl)calix[4] arene: Synthesis and crystal structures
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Two novel complexes, (AuCl)4L3(I) and (PdCl 2)2L3(II) (L3 is calix[4]arene-thioether), were synthesized and their structures were determined. In complex I, one thioether group of molecule L3 is coordinated to every Au atom. In complex II, the bidentate coordination of L3 to the Pd atoms is observed; two thioether groups are in the trans-positions in the Pd square surrounding. Both complexes have the layered crystal lattices. In the Au complex, the layers are more stable due to the short contacts Au-Au (3.19-3.23 A).
- Kostin,Mashukov,Kurat'eva,Tkachev,Torgov,Drapailo
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- OPTICAL SPECTRA OF PALLADIUM CHLORIDE.
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Absorption and reflection spectra of a crystal of chain compound palladium chloride are measured in the energy range of 1-11 ev at low temperature. The structures found in the spectra and their anisotropies are discussed by referring D//2//h molecular orbital states of d**8 metal ion in rhombic planar ligand field.
- Tanino,Kobayashi
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- Potentiometric and Speciation Studies on the Complex Formation Reactions of [Pd(2-methylaminomethyl)-pyridine)(H2O)2]2+ with Some Bio-active Ligands and Displacement Reaction of Coordinated Inosine
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The stoichiometry and stability constants of the complexes formed between [Pd(MAMP)(H2O)2]2+ and various biologically relevant ligands containing different functional groups were investigated. The ligands used are amino acids, peptides and DNA constituents. The results show the formation of 1:1 complexes with amino acids and peptides and the corresponding deprotonated amide species. Structural effects of peptides on amide deprotonation were investigated. The purine and pyrimidine bases uracil, uridine, cytosine, inosine, inosine 5′-monophosphate (5′-IMP) and thymine form 1:1 and 1:2 complexes. The concentration distribution of the various complex species was calculated as a function of pH. The effect of chloride ion concentration on the formation constant of CBDCA with Pd(MAMP)2+ was also reported. The results show ring opening of CBDCA and monodentate complexation of the DNA constituent with the formation of [Pd(MAMP)(CBDCA-O)DNA], where (CBDCA-O) represents cyclobutane dicarboxylate coordinated by one carboxylate oxygen. The equilibrium constant of the displacement reaction of coordinated inosine, as a typical DNA constituent, by SMC and/or methionine was calculated. The results are expected to contribute to the chemistry of antitumor agents. The calculated parameters of the optimized complexes support the measured formation constants.
- Abd El-Karim, Abeer T.,El-Sherif, Islam R.,Hosny, Wafaa M.,Alkhadhairi, Eyad K.,Aljahdali, Mutlaq S.,El-Sherif, Ahmed A.
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- Structural and dynamic NMR characterization of [Pd(bipy)(R-thiourea) 2]2+ and [Pd(phen)(R-thiourea)2]2+ cations
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The synthesis and characterization of 10 complexes, [Pd(bipy)(R-TU) 2]Cl2 and [Pd(phen)(R-TU)2]Cl2 (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridyl; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; R-TU = N-alkyl substituted thioureas), is presented. The con
- Rotondo, Archimede,Barresi, Salvatore,Cusumano, Matteo,Rotondo, Enrico
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- Electron-Density Distribution in Crystals of Dipotassium Tetrachloropalladate(II) and Dipotassium Hexachloropalladate(IV), K2 and K2 at 120 K
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MoKα1, λ=0.70926 Angstroem, T=120 (2) K. (I): K2-, Mr=326.4, tetragonal, P4/mmm, a=7.0259 (3), c=4.0797 (2)Angstroem, V=201.39 (2)Angstroem3, Z=1, Dx=2.69 Mg m-3, μ=4.55 mm-1, F(000)=151.7, final R=0.021 for 893 unique reflections. (II):K2, Mr=397.3, cubic, Fm3m, a=9.6374 (4)Angstroem, V=895.12 (7)Angstroem3, Z=4, Dx=2.95 Mg m-3, μ=4.71 mm-1, F(000)=744.0, final R=0.011 for 393 unique reflections.The Pd-Cl bond lengths are 2.3066 (2) and 2.3094 (3)Angstroem for (I) and (II), respectively.The asphericity of the 4d electron distribution in the square-planar and octahedral Pd complexes could be decected clearly.Above and below the -2 plane of (I), excess densities of 2.3 (3)e Angstroem-3 are found 0.47 Angstroem from the Pd nucleus, suggesting enhancement of the dz2 orbital population.In (II), positive deformation densities corresponding to the t2g orbitals are observed in the directions at 0.5 Angstroem from the Pd nucleus and 1.4 (3) e Angstroem-3 in height.These charge asphericities could be reproduced by the multipole expansion method with reasonable d-orbital populations.
- Takazawa, Hiroyuki,Ohba, Shigeru,Saito, Yoshihiko
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- Palladium(II) extraction by sulfur-containing calix[4,6]arenes from hydrochloric acid solutions
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The comparison of the extraction properties of calixarenes, thiacalixarenes, and calix[4,6]arene thioethers showed that methyl(thiamethyl) calix[4,6]arenes 3a and 4a have the highest extraction abilities. These extractants rapidly and completely extract p
- Torgov,Kostin,Mashukov,Korda,Drapailo,Kas'Yan,Kal'Chenko
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- Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and antiproliferative activity in vitro of platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes with 6-mercaptopurine
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A series of Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes with 6-mercaptopurine (6-Hmp) of formulae Pd(6-Hmp)2Cl2 (1), Pd(6-mp)2· 2H2O (2), Pt(6-mp)2·2H2O (3), Pt(6-mp)(dmso)Cl (4) was synthesized and studied by IR, far-IR, 1H, 13C, 15N NMR. (1) has an ionic character and consists of distinct [Pd(6-Hmp)2]2+ cations and uncoordinated Cl - anions, whereas (2,3) are neutral species with central atoms bis-chelated by the deprotonated 6-mp- ligands. NMR studies suggest that S and N(7) are the complexation sites, while far-IR spectra indicate the square-planar geometry of Pd(II) or Pt(II). In (4) the Pt(II) atom is coordinated by one chelating 6-mp- anion, S-bonded dmso molecule and a terminal chloride. The antiproliferative activity in vitro of (2-4) was tested against human leukaemia HL-60 cells, being exhibited for (2) at the level ca. six times lower than in case of cisplatin.
- ?akomska, Iwona,Pazderski, Leszek,Sitkowski, Jerzy,Kozerski, Lech,Pe?czyńska, Marzena,Nasulewicz, Anna,Opolski, Adam,Sz?yk, Edward
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- Synthesis, X-ray structures and biological properties of palladium(II) complexes of 1,2-dimethylimidazole and benzimidazole
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Three palladium(II) complexes (1–3) with imidazole derivatives; 1,2-dimethylimidazole, benzimidazole and 2-phenylimidazole were prepared and characterized by thermal and spectral analyses. The crystal structures for two of them (1 and 2) were determined b
- Sadaf, Haseeba,Imtiaz-ud-Din,Zahra, Syeda Saniya,Ihsan-ul-Haq,Nadeem, Shafqat,Tahir, Muhammad Nawaz,Ahmad, Saeed,Andleeb, Sohaila
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- Synthesis, biological evaluation, substitution behaviour and DFT study of Pd(II) complexes incorporating benzimidazole derivative
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To achieve potent yet specific antitum agents, a series of palladium(ii) complexes (C1-C6) employing the carrier ligand 2-aminomethylbenzimidazole with DNA intercalating property and diverse ancillary groups (chloride, aqua, thiol) were synthesized and characterized. The kinetic parameters of the reactivity of the diaqua complex C2 towards selected sulphur-containing biomolecules were evaluated under pseudo-first order reaction conditions. Theoretical calculations such as NBO and TD-DFT were found to corroborate with spectroscopic results. Intercalative/groove binding nature of calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) interaction for the complexes was confirmed by various physico-chemical techniques and molecular docking. A strong association of the complexes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) via a static mechanism was demonstrated by absorption and emission measurements. The anti-proliferative effects of the complexes were tested against human breast tumor MDA-MB-231, human lung carcinoma A549 and human hepatocellular liver carcinoma HepG2. The complexes exhibited inhibitory effects greater than that exhibited by recognized drug cisplatin on the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Notably, the growth inhibition as well as oxidative stress elicited by the complexes in non-malignant cell lines L6 myotubes (rat myoblasts) and HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney cells) was much less than by cisplatin.
- Mitra, Ishani,Mukherjee, Subhajit,Reddy, Venkata P.,Misini, Bashkim,Das, Payel,Dasgupta, Subrata,Linert, Wolfgang,Moi, Sankar C.
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- MgFe2O4@SiO2-PrNH2/Pd/bimenthonoxime core-shell magnetic nanoparticles as a recyclable green catalyst for heterogeneous Suzuki cross-coupling in aqueous ethanol
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Magnetically recoverable MgFe2O4@SiO2-PrNH2/Pd/bimenthonoxime nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD, XPS, ICP, VSM and FT-IR. The nanocatalyst was used for Suzuki cross-coupling in
- Mahmoudzadeh, Mansour,Mehdipour, Ebrahim,Eisavi, Ronak
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- Polar functional groups anchored to a 2D MOF template for the stabilization of Pd(0) nps for the catalytic C-C coupling reaction
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A 2D porous MOF, {[Cu(1,2,3-btc)(bpe)(H2O)]·H2O}n (1), has been synthesized using a mixed linker system. The structural determination showed non-coordinated carboxylate groups decorating the pore surface. The desolvated MOF (1a) with pendant carboxylate groups was used as a template for the stabilization of Pd nps (2-3 nm) and the resulting composite Pd(0)@1a showed efficient catalytic activity for the Suzuki-Miyaura C-C coupling reaction.
- Adalikwu, Stephen Adie,Mothika, Venkata Suresh,Hazra, Arpan,Maji, Tapas Kumar
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- Synthesis, Characterization, DNA Interaction Study, Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities of New Palladium(II) Phosphine Complexes
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A series of palladium(II) complexes with N,N-dimethylthiourea and phosphines [tri-p-tolylphosphine (Tptp), benzyl(diphenyl)phosphine (Bdp), cyclohexyl(diphenyl)phosphine (Cdp)] were synthesized by the direct reaction of K2[(PdCl4)] with the corresponding phosphines and then with N,N-dimethylthiourea at a molar ratio of 1: 2: 2. The general formula of these complexes is [Pd(L1)2(L2)2]Cl2, where L1 = N,N-dimethylthiourea (Dmtu), L2 = Tptp, Bdp, Cdp. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 31P), and FT-IR. The complex with cyclohexyl(diphenyl)phosphine was also characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis. The spectral and crystallographic data suggest monodentate coordination of dimethylthiourea through the sulfur atom and of the phosphine ligand through the phosphorus atom and distorted square planar environment of palladium(II). The synthesized complexes have been screened for DNAbinding, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities. The complexes show interaction with DNA via intercalative mode. The complexes show good activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria as compared to that of a standard drug, Imipenem. Their antitumor activity against MCF7 tumor cell line was found to be comparable with doxorubicin. MTT assay was used to investigate the cytotoxicity of the studied compounds having activity order: 3 > 2 > 1.
- Aziz,Sirajuddin,Munir,Tirmizi,Nadeem,Tahir,Sajjad
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- Theoretical hydrolysis mechanism of anticancer Pt(II) and Pd(II) dichloro complexes with N, N bidentate chelator in aqueous medium and their molecular docking
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Theoretical hydrolysis mechanism of Pt(II) and Pd(II) dichloro complexes with bidentate N, N chelated cis-[Pt(AEP)Cl2] and cis-[Pd(AEP)Cl2] (where AEP = 1-(2-Aminoethyl)-pyrrolidine) were studied with the help of DFT. Penta-coordinat
- Bhaduri, Rituparna,Ch. Moi, Sankar,Kumar Tarai, Swarup,Mandal, Saikat,Misra, Koyel,Pan, Angana,Venkata Pera Reddy, B.
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- Synthesis method and application of two N-heterocyclic carbene palladium metal complexes
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The invention discloses a synthesis method and an application of two N-heterocyclic carbene palladium metal complexes, relates to a synthesis method and an application of metal complexes, concretely relates to a preparation method of two novel N-heterocyc
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Paragraph 0009-0010
(2020/04/06)
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- Photolysis of Solutions of Palladium(II) Complex Compounds with Organic Acids
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Abstract: Palladium nanoparticles were obtained by the photochemical reduction of the palladium(II) complex compounds K2[Pd(C2O4)2], [Pd(Gly)2], and [Pd(β-Ala)2] in a photolyte volume. The highest rate of formation of palladium nanoparticles in the photolyte volume is observed during the photolysis of the K2[Pd(C2O4)2] complex and the lowest—in the case of the [Pd(β-Ala)2] complex. Palladium particles obtained by the photolysis of aqueous solutions of the [Pd(β-Ala)2] and [Pd(Gly)2] complexes have the highest storage stability even in the absence of a stabilizer. When calcined in air in the presence of palladium nanocomposite particles on a CeO2 carrier, the temperature of the oxidation beginning decreases, and the weight loss of the sample (soot) increases.
- Isaeva,Gorbunova,Nazarova
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p. 2296 - 2304
(2021/02/12)
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- Oxidative Mechanochemistry: Direct, Room-Temperature, Solvent-Free Conversion of Palladium and Gold Metals into Soluble Salts and Coordination Complexes
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Noble metals are valued, critical elements whose chemical activation or recycling is challenging, and traditionally requires high temperatures, strong acids or bases, or aggressive complexation agents. By using elementary palladium and gold, demonstrated here is the use of mechanochemistry for noble-metal activation and recycling by mild, clean, solvent-free, and room-temperature chemistry. The process leads to direct, efficient, one-pot conversion of the metals, including spent catalysts, into either simple water-soluble salts or metal–organic catalysts.
- Do, Jean-Louis,Tan, Davin,Fri??i?, Tomislav
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supporting information
p. 2667 - 2671
(2018/02/06)
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- Palladium(II) complexes based on schiff base ligands: Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding, anti-bacterial and anti α-glucosidase activity
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This article describes the synthesis of three Pd(II) complexes regarding bidentate Schiff base ligands, namely [Pd(L1)2] (1), [Pd(L2)2] (2), [Pd(L3)2] (3) [HL1 = 2-(((2-mercaptop
- Ali, Uzma,Tirmizi, Syed Ahmed,Taj, Muhammad Babar,Raheel, Ahmad
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p. 1043 - 1051
(2019/04/05)
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- Structural and spectroscopic studies of Au(III) and Pd(II) chloride complexes and organometallics with 2-benzylpyridine
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Au(III) and Pd(II) chloride complexes with 2-benzylpyridine (2bzpy) - [Au(2bzpy)Cl3] and trans-[Pd(2bzpy)2Cl2], as well as Au(III) chloride organometallics with monoanionic form of 2bzpy, deprotonated in the benzyl side gr
- Niedzielska, Daria,Pawlak, Tomasz,Bozejewicz, Maria,Wojtczak, Andrzej,Pazderski, Leszek,Szlyk, Edward
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p. 195 - 202
(2013/02/23)
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- Novel Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes of N,N-donor benzimidazole ligand: Synthesis, spectral, electrochemical, DFT studies and evaluation of biological activity
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(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-(4-nitro-phenyl)-amine (L) and its Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes have been synthesized as potential anticancer compounds and their structures were elucidated using a variety of physico-chemical techniques. The activation thermod
- Abdel Ghani, Nour T.,Mansour, Ahmed M.
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p. 249 - 258
(2011/09/14)
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- Synthesis, crystal structures and, antibacterial and antiproliferative activities in vitro of palladium(II) complexes of triphenylphosphine and thioamides
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Palladium(II) complexes with triphenylphosphine (PPh3) and thioamides of the general formulae, [Pd(L)2(PPh3) 2]Cl2 and [Pd(L)2(PPh3)2] have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR ( 1H, 13C and 31P) methods, and two of them (trans-[Pd(PPh3)2(Dmtu)2]Cl2· (H2O)(CH3OH)0.5 (1) and trans-[Pd(PPh 3)2(Mpy)2] (2)) by X-ray crystallography; where L = thiourea (Tu), methylthiourea (Metu), N,N′-dimethylthiourea (Dmtu), tetramethylthiourea (Tmtu), 2-mercaptopyridine (Mpy), 2-mercaptopyrimidine (Mpm) and thionicotinamide (Tna). The spectral data of the complexes are consistent with the sulfur coordination of thioamides to palladium(II). The crystal structures of the complexes show that (1) has ionic character consisting of [Pd(PPh3)2(Dmtu)2]+2 cations and uncoordinated Cl- ions, while (2) is a neutral complex with Mpy behaving as anionic thiolate ligand. The coordination environment around palladium in (2) is nearly regular square-planar, while in (1) the trans angles show significant distortions from 180°. The complexes were screened for antibacterial effects, brine shrimps lethality bioassay and antitumor activity. These complexes showed significant activities in most of the cases against the tested bacteria as compared to that of a standard drug. Their antitumor activity against prostate cancer cells (PC3) is comparable with doxorubicin, together with no cytotoxic effects in brine shrimps lethality bioassay study.
- Nadeem, Shafqat,Bolte, Michael,Ahmad, Saeed,Fazeelat, Tahira,Tirmizi, Syed Ahmed,Rauf, Muhammad Khawar,Sattar, Samina A.,Siddiq, Sadia,Hameed, Abdul,Haider, Syed Zeeshan
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p. 3261 - 3269
(2011/02/16)
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- Palladium(II) monochelate complexes with cis-1,2-bis(alkoxyamines)
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The Pd(II) complex [PdA]Cl2 with cis-1,2- bis(ethoxycarbonylmethoxyamino)cyclohexane (ligand A) was prepared by two methods (in aqueous ethanol and by mechanochemical synthesis). Treatment of the tris-chelate [PdB] · H2O with HCl gave the monochelate [Pd(BH2)]Cl2 · 2H2O, where BH 2 is cis-1,2-bis(carboxy-methyloxyamino)cyclohexane. The complexes were studied by electronic, IR, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The [Pd(BH2)Cl2] · 2H2O complex was studied by X-ray diffraction. Copyright
- Slyudkin,Khlestkin,Tikhonov,Naumov
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p. 1191 - 1196
(2008/10/09)
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- Palladium(II) bis- and trischelates with cis-1,2-bis(alkoxyamino) cyclohexanes
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Palladium(II) bis- and trischelates with cis-1,2-bis(alkoxyamino) cyclohexanes have been synthesized: [PdA]·H2O (I) and [PdB2]Cl2·1/2C2H4Cl 2 (II), where AH2 stands for cis-1,2-
- Slyudkin,Khlestkin,Tikhonov,Naumov
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p. 863 - 867
(2008/10/09)
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- Palladium(II) complexes with 1,2-bis(alkoxyamine)s
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The Pd(II) complexes with 1,2-bis(alkoxyamine)s [PdACl2] ·H2O (I), [PdACl2] (II), [PdBCl2] ·H2O (III), and [PdBCl2] (IV) (A = 2,3-dimethoxyamino-2-methylbutane, B = cis-1,2-dimethoxyaminocyclohexane) were synthesized. Compounds I-IV were studied by electronic absorption spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and 1H, 13C NMR. The structures of complexes I-III were determined by X-ray crystallography.
- Slyudkin,Khlestkin,Tikhonov,Naumov,Izarova,Turchinovich
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- Linkage isomerism in palladium(II)-chloranilate complexes. Synthesis and mechanistic studies of bis(acetonitrile)(chloranilato)palladium(II) and bis(triphenylphosphine)(chloranilato)palladium(II)
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Structural and mechanistic studies are reported of a linkage isomerization process in which the bidentate ligand 2,5-dioxo-3,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (chloranilate dianion, CA2-) rearranges to a π-complexed diene (π-CA2-) from an unusual bis(carbanion) resonance form (C-CA2-) upon the substitution of acetonitrile by triphenylphosphine in the first coordination sphere of palladium(II). Yellow [Pd(C-CA)(CH3CN)2] may be prepared in excellent yield from the reaction of K2Pd(C-CA)Cl2 with AgNO3 in acetonitrile solution and combines readily with triphenylphosphine to give purple [Pd(π-CA)(PPh3)2]. Pd(II)-chloranilate complexes were structurally characterized through NMR (13C and 31P), UV-visible, and infrared spectra. Stopped-flow kinetic studies of the [Pd(C-CA)(CH3CN)2] transformation to [Pd(π-CA)(PPh3)2] in acetonitrile solution demonstrate that rate-limiting linkage isomerization (rate constant ki) follows rapid, preequilibrium formation of [Pd(C-CA)(PPh3)2] (stepwise formation constants K1 and K2). At 25.0°C, K2 = 2.47 × 102 M-1 and ki = 8.44 × 10-2 s-1. Kinetic temperature dependence results gave the activation parameters that govern ki (ΔH≠ = 17.1 kcal/mol; ΔS≠ = -6 eu) and standard enthalpy/entropy changes corresponding to K2 (ΔH° = -14.0 kcal/mol; ΔS° = -36 eu). The exceptionally high enthalpic activation barrier to linkage isomerization reflects the considerable stability of the five-membered, bis(carbanion) chelate ring in [Pd(C-CA)(CH3CN)2].
- Jeong, Woo-Yeong,Holwerda, Robert A.
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p. 2571 - 2574
(2008/10/08)
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- 15N N.M.R. Study of Some Palladium(II) Ammine Complexes
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Palladium(II) ammine complexes enriched in 15N give sharp singlets in their 15N n.m.r. spectra.The 15N chemical shifts depend primarily on the trans donor atom, in a qualitatively similar way to those for platinum(II) ammmine complexes.A dimethylformamide solution of Pd(NH3)2Cl2 prepared in the usual way gave a single peak, consistent with the presence of only one isomer (trans).Reactions of increasing amounts of aqueous perchloric acid with Pd(NH3)42+ allowed peaks to be identified for Pd(NH3)3(H2O)2+, cis-Pd(NH3)2(H2O)22+ and Pd(NH3)(H2O)32+.The initial product of the reaction of trans-Pd(NH3)2Cl2 with silver ion is trans-Pd(NH3)2(H2O)22+, which rapidly disproportionates to Pd(NH3)3(H2O)2+ and Pd(NH3)(H2O)32+.With standing, subsequent reactions ultimately produce a solution containing predominantly cis-Pd(NH3)2(H2O)22+ in equilibrium with small amounts of the tri and mono-ammine complexes, and free ammonia.
- Appleton, Trevor G.,Hall, John R.,Ralph, Stephen F.,Thompson, Craig S. M.
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p. 1425 - 1432
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthesis of new CO complexes of palladium
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The palladium(II) complexes Pd(NO2)2L2 (L = PPh3, PMePh2, PMe2Ph, PEt3) react with CO to form Pd4(CO)5L4. These reaction products have been characterized by IR and 31P, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Pd4(CO)5(PPh3)4 crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2/c with Z = 4, a = 24.957 (5) ?, b = 16.138 (3) ?, c = 17.758 (3) ?, and β = 103.47 (2)°. The palladium atoms are at the corners of a distorted tetrahedron in which five of the six edges are bridged by the carbonyl ligands. The unbridged edge has a Pd-Pd distance of 3.209 (1) ?, indicating the absence of a metal-metal bond. The average bonding Pd-Pd distances are 2.753 (1) and 2.758 (13) ?. The average Pd-P distance is 2.318 (2) ?, and the average Pd-C-Pd angle is 82.0°. Pd(NO2)2(PEt2Ph)2 and PdCl(NO2)(PEt2Ph)2 react with CO to form the novel Pd(I) dimer Pd2(CO)Cl2(PEt2Ph)3, which was also structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The compound crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21/a with Z = 4, a = 20.041 (3) ?, b = 11.353 (3) ?, c = 19.920 (5) ?, and β = 129.16 (1)°. The molecule is dimeric with a Pd-Pd bond and is the first example of a semibridging carbonyl ligand in palladium complexes. Pd2 has roughly square-planar geometry with two phosphines, one chloride, and Pd1 comprising its coordination sphere. One phosphine, one chloride, Pd2, and the carbonyl ligand comprise the coordination sphere of Pd1. The semibridging carbonyl produces severe distortion in the coordination geometry of both Pd1 and Pd2. Some important distances and angles include Pd1-Pd2 = 2.6521 (3) ?, Pd1-C = 1.874 (3) ?, Pd2-C = 2.110 (3) ?, and Pd1-C-Pd2 = 83.3 (1)°.
- Feltham,Elbaze,Ortega,Eck,Dubrawski
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p. 1503 - 1510
(2008/10/08)
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- Palladium componds of pyrimidine and pyridine derivatives - proposed structure assignment changes
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The complexes where L = cytosine, 1-methylcytosine, cytidine, 2-amino-4-methylpyrimidine, 2-hydroxy-4-methylpyrimidine, 4-methylpyrimidine, 2-hydroxypyrimidine, 2,4-dimethoxy-5-methylpyrimidine, and methyl-4-picolinate, and X = Cl and Br, were pr
- Kong, Pi-Chang,Rochon, F. D.
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p. 3293 - 3296
(2007/10/02)
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