- Synthesis of 3,1-Benzothiazines by Cyclisation of 2- Thioformylaminodiphenylacetylenes
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2-Formylaminodiphenylacetylenes, obtained in excellent yield by Sonogashira coupling of (2-iodoaryl)formamides with phenylacetylene, were thionated with P4S10 in boiling THF to give 2-thioformylaminodiphenylacetylenes. These acetylenes were cyclised by DBU at ambient temperature to give (4Z)-4-benzylidene-4H-3,1-benzothiazines and small amounts of 2-phenylindoles. The structures of (4Z)-4-benzylidene-6,8-dichloro- 4H-3,1-benzothiazine and 3,5-dichloro-2-thioformylaminodiphenylacetylene were established by single crystal X-ray analysis.
- Fernandes, Manuel A.,Reid, David H.
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- Heteropolyanion-based sulfated ionic liquid catalyzed formamides synthesis by grindstone chemistry
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A novel heteropolyanion-based sulfated ionic liquid (HIL-[Ch-OSO 3H]3W12PO40) was prepared by pairing sulfate functionalized cholinium cation [N,N,N-trimethyl-2-(sulfooxy) ethanaminium] with catalytically active phosphotungstic acid anion (W 12PO403-). It was characterized by 1H NMR, FT-IR, EDX, XRD, TGA and elemental analysis. Catalytic activity of thus prepared HIL was studied in N-formylation of amines under solvent-free grinding condition. The methodology provided cleaner conversion over shorter reaction time with high turnover frequency (TOF) and chemoselectivity.
- Satasia, Shailesh P.,Kalaria, Piyush N.,Raval, Dipak K.
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- Solvent-promoted catalyst-free: N -formylation of amines using carbon dioxide under ambient conditions
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An unprecedented catalyst-free formylation of amines using CO2 and hydrosilanes was developed. The solvent plays a vital role in promoting the interaction of amines with hydrosilanes and subsequent CO2 insertion, thus facilitating the simultaneous activation of N-H and Si-H bonds. Based on relevant mechanistic studies, a plausible mechanism involving a silyl carbamate intermediate is proposed.
- Lv, Hui,Xing, Qi,Yue, Chengtao,Lei, Ziqiang,Li, Fuwei
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- Aerobic radical-cascade cycloaddition of isocyanides, selenium and imidamides: Facile access to 1,2,4-selenadiazoles under metal-free conditions
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A novel and facile metal-free method for the green synthesis of 1,2,4-selenadiazol-5-amine derivatives through the aerobic radical-cascade multi-component reactions of isocyanides, selenium powder and imidamides is reported herein. O2 in the air was employed as the green oxidant to achieve the cycloaddition with the generation of H2O as the sole by-product. It also features good functional group compatibility and broad substrate scope. In addition, this method was successfully applied to the functionalization of biologically active molecules.
- Fang, Yi,Zhu, Zheng-Lin,Xu, Pei,Wang, Shun-Yi,Ji, Shun-Jun
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- Sulfinates and thiocyanates triggered 6-endo cyclization of o-alkynylisocyanobenzenes
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Diverse 2-sulfonyl- and 2-thiocyanato-3-substituted quinolines were synthesized from o-alkynylisocyanobenzenes by nucleophilic addition of the respective sulfinate sodium salts and ammonium thiocyanate to the isocyanide moiety followed by cyclization. The salient features of the methodology include metal-free, ambient temperature and mild reaction conditions, ease of reagent handling, and broad functional group tolerance.
- Khaikate, Onnicha,Meesin, Jatuporn,Pohmakotr, Manat,Reutrakul, Vichai,Leowanawat, Pawaret,Soorukram, Darunee,Kuhakarn, Chutima
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- Mild Access to N-Formylation of Primary Amines using Ethers as C1 Synthons under Metal-Free Conditions
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A new synthetic protocol has been developed for the synthesis of N-formamide derivatives using ethers as a C1 synthon under metal-free reaction conditions. The reaction is proposed to proceed through C?H functionalization, C?O cleavage, and C?N bond formation. This protocol is applicable to a variety of primary amines resulting in N-formamides in moderate to good yields. 1,4-dioxane was chosen as best C1 synthon after screening with various ethers. Mechanistic studies disclosed that the reaction proceeds through a radical pathway. While using α-amino ketones a α-alkylation product was formed rather than formylation. By replacing dioxane with Tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) under standard conditions also gave the N-formamide derivatives in moderate yields. (Figure presented.).
- Mutra, Mohana Reddy,Dhandabani, Ganesh Kumar,Wang, Jeh-Jeng
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- Coupling cyclizations with fragmentations for the preparation of heteroaromatics: Quinolines from o-alkenyl arylisocyanides and boronic acids
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Stereoelectronic restrictions on homoallylic ring expansion in alkyne cascades can be overcome by using alkenes as synthetic equivalents of alkynes in reaction cascades that are terminated by C-C bond fragmentation. Implementation of this approach using Mn(iii)-mediated reaction of o-alkenyl isocyanides and boronic acids leads to efficient synthesis of substituted quinolines.
- Evoniuk, Christopher J.,Ly, Michelle,Alabugin, Igor V.
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- Selective N-formylation of amines catalysed by Ag NPs festooned over amine functionalized SBA-15 utilizing CO2 as C1 source
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N-formylation of amines using CO2 as C1 source has been an uphill transformation in the catalysis research as it involves the utilization of abundant thermodyanamically stable and kinetically inert CO2 to form the N-formylated products, which are potential intermediates for the synthesis of valuable chemicals. Previously various noble as well as non-noble metal nanoparticles have been employed for N-formylation of amines. However, herein for the first time we explored N-formylation reaction under lenient conditions utilizing silver nanoparticles, which are decorated over amine functionalized periodically ordered 2D-hexagonal SBA-15 material, serving as a robust heterogeneous catalyst. The AgNPs@SBA-15-NH2 has been intensively characterized by powder XRD, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), FEG-TEM, SEM, XPS, TGA, CO2-TPD, FTIR and UV–vis spectroscopic analyses. This supported AgNPs material showed remarkable catalytic activity for N-formylation over a wide range of amines under 0.5 MPa CO2 pressure and at mild temperature (35 °C) conditions. In addition, this AgNPs@SBA-15-NH2 material exhibited high chemical stability and reusability, suggesting its promising future in the CO2 fixation reactions.
- Azad, Shiyana,Bal, Rajaram,Bhattacharjee, Sudip,Bhaumik, Asim,Chongdar, Sayantan
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- HCl-mediated transamidation of unactivated formamides using aromatic amines in aqueous media
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We report transamidation protocol to synthesize a range of secondary and tertiary amides from weakly nucleophilic aromatic and hetero-aryl amines with low reactive formamide derivatives, utilizing hydrochloric acid as catalyst. This current acid mediated strategy is beneficial because it eliminates the need for a metal catalyst, promoter or additives in the reaction, simplifies isolation and purification. Notably, this approach conventionally used to synthesize molecules on gram scales with excellent yields and a high tolerance for functional groups.
- Dhawan, Sanjeev,Girase, Pankaj Sanjay,Kumar, Vishal,Karpoormath, Rajshekhar
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p. 3729 - 3739
(2021/10/14)
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- Acid-catalyzed chemodivergent reactions of 2,2-dimethoxyacetaldehyde and anilines
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Chemodivergent reactions of 2,2-dimethoxyacetaldehyde and anilines were described, which were established on the basis of either a C[sbnd]C bond cleavage or a rearrangement process of a reaction intermediate. These reactions proceeded in a condition-determined manner with good functional group tolerance. In the first model, 2,2-dimethoxyacetaldehyde reacted with aniline to form a new C[sbnd]N bond, in the presence of O2, via a C[sbnd]C bond cleavage reaction. However, in the second model, by performing the reaction in the absence of O2, Heyns rearrangement occurred and generated a new C[sbnd]O bond to form methyl phenylglycinate. Such condition-determined reactions not only offered the new way for value-added conversion of biomass-derived platform molecule, 2, 2-dimethoxyacetaldehyde, but also provided efficient methods for the synthesis of N-arylformamides and methyl phenylglycinates.
- Guo, Luxia,Chen, Zihao,Zhu, Hongmei,Li, Minghao,Gu, Yanlong
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supporting information
p. 1419 - 1422
(2020/11/12)
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- Iridium-Catalyzed Isomerization/Cycloisomerization/Aromatization of N-Allyl-N-sulfonyl-o-(λ1-silylethynyl)aniline Derivatives to Give Substituted Indole Derivatives
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We have developed a one-iridium-catalyst system that transforms N-allyl-N-sulfonyl-2-(silylalkynyl)aniline derivatives, which are 1,7-enynes in which both multiple bonds have a heteroatom, to the corresponding substituted indole derivatives via isomerizat
- Arisawa, Mitsuhiro,Matsuzaki, Tsuyoshi,Murai, Kenichi,Ohno, Shohei,Qiu, Jiawei,Sako, Makoto,Suzuki, Takeyuki,Takehara, Tsunayoshi,Tanaka, Tomoyuki
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supporting information
p. 4284 - 4288
(2021/06/28)
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- Alkanethiol-Mediated Cyclization of o-Alkynylisocyanobenzenes: Synthesis of Bis-Thiolated Indole Derivatives
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Reactions of o-alkynylisocyanobenzenes with a variety of alkanethiols (Alk-SH) provide the corresponding bis-thiolated indole derivatives. The advantages of the reaction include metal-free, room-temperature, mild reaction conditions and broad functional group compatibility. The reaction proceeds via nucleophilic addition of an alkanethiol to an isonitrile moiety, 5-exo cyclization, followed by nucleophilic addition of an alkanethiol to a 3-alkylidene indole intermediate. Density functional calculations on the electronic structures and relative free energies of 5-exo and 6-endo cyclization pathways support that the 5-exo cyclization is preferable.
- La-Ongthong, Kannika,Naweephattana, Phiphop,Khaikate, Onnicha,Surawatanawong, Panida,Soorukram, Darunee,Pohmakotr, Manat,Reutrakul, Vichai,Leowanawat, Pawaret,Kuhakarn, Chutima
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p. 6338 - 6351
(2020/07/21)
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- KOtBu-Promoted Transition-Metal-Free Transamidation of Primary and Tertiary Amides with Amines
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This work discloses transamidation of primary and tertiary amides with a range of aryl, heteroaryl, and aliphatic amines using potassium tert-butoxide. The reaction proceeds at room temperature under transition-metal-free conditions providing secondary amides in high yields. Moreover, reaction of cyclopropyl amine with tertiary amides proceeds with ring-opening to provide a rapid access to enamides.
- Ghosh, Tridev,Jana, Snehasish,Dash, Jyotirmayee
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supporting information
p. 6690 - 6694
(2019/09/12)
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- Azide-Triggered Bicyclization of o-Alkynylisocyanobenzenes: Synthesis of Tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinolines
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An efficient and rapid synthetic approach for the synthesis of tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinolines has been developed employing the reaction of o-alkynylisocyanobenzenes with sodium azide. The present strategy involved nucleophilic addition of azide to isocyanide followed by 6-endo cyclization. The reaction gives access to a collection of tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinolines with broad functional group in moderate to high yields under metal-, and base-free conditions.
- Khaikate, Onnicha,Soorukram, Darunee,Leowanawat, Pawaret,Pohmakotr, Manat,Reutrakul, Vichai,Kuhakarn, Chutima
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p. 7050 - 7057
(2019/11/11)
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- Consecutive Lossen rearrangement/transamidation reaction of hydroxamic acids under catalyst- and additive-free conditions
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The Lossen rearrangement is a classic process for transforming activated hydroxamic acids into isocyanate under basic or thermal conditions. In the current report we disclosed a consecutive Lossen rearrangement/transamidation reaction in which unactivated hydroxamic acids were converted into N-substituted formamides in a one-pot manner under catalyst- and additive-free conditions. One feature of this novel transformation is that the formamide plays triple roles in the reaction by acting as a readily available solvent, a promoter for additive-free Lossen rearrangement, and a source of the formyl group in the final products. Acyl groups other than formyl could also be introduced into the product when changing the solvent to other low molecular weight aliphatic amide derivatives. The solvent-promoted Lossen rearrangement was better understood by DFT calculations, and the intermediacy of isocyanate and amine was supported well by experiments, in which the desired products were obtained in excellent yields under similar conditions. Not only monosubstituted formamides were synthesized from hydroxamic acids, but also N,N-disubstituted formamides were obtained when secondary amines were used as precursors.
- Jia, Mengmeng,Zhang, Heng,Lin, Yongjia,Chen, Dimei,Chen, Yanmei,Xia, Yuanzhi
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p. 3615 - 3624
(2018/05/26)
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- Synthesis of 3-substituted quinolin-2(1H)-ones via the cyclization of o-alkynylisocyanobenzenes
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A facile synthesis of various functionalized 3-substituted quinolin-2(1H)-ones through Ag(i) nitrate-catalyzed cyclization of o-alkynylisocyanobenzenes is described. The reaction allows rapid and convenient access to 3-substituted quinolin-2(1H)-one scaffolds in moderate to good yields.
- Charoenpol, Ailada,Meesin, Jatuporn,Khaikate, Onnicha,Reutrakul, Vichai,Pohmakotr, Manat,Leowanawat, Pawaret,Soorukram, Darunee,Kuhakarn, Chutima
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supporting information
p. 7050 - 7054
(2018/10/17)
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- Silver-Catalyzed Chemoselective [4+2] Annulation of Two Isocyanides: A General Route to Pyridone-Fused Carbo- and Heterocycles
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A silver-catalyzed chemoselective [4+2] annulation of aryl and heteroaryl isocyanides with α-substituted isocyanoacetamides was developed for the facile and efficient synthesis of 2-aminoquinolones, naphthyridines, and phenanthrolines. A mechanism for this multistep domino reaction is proposed on the basis of a13C-labeling experiment, according to which an unprecedented chemoselective heterodimerization of two different isocyanides generates an α-amidoketenimine intermediate, which undergoes 1,3-amino migration to form an α-imidoylketene, followed by 6 π electrocyclization.
- Hu, Zhongyan,Dong, Jinhuan,Men, Yang,Lin, Zhichen,Cai, Jinxiong,Xu, Xianxiu
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supporting information
p. 1805 - 1809
(2017/02/05)
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- Ruthenium-Catalyzed 1,6-Aromatic Enamide-Silylalkyne Cycloisomerization: Approach to 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles
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Cycloisomerization is an atom economic procedure that converts dienes and enynes into cyclic molecules. To date, cycloisomerization between enamides and silylalkynes has not been explored. We found that N-acyl-N-vinyl-2-silylalkynylaniline derivatives und
- Takamoto, Kohei,Ohno, Shohei,Hyogo, Norimichi,Fujioka, Hiromichi,Arisawa, Mitsuhiro
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p. 8733 - 8742
(2017/08/23)
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- Copper-catalyzed synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazoles from 2-iodophenyl isocyanides, potassium sulfide and amines
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A simple and practically useful synthetic method for the synthesis of a variety of 2-aminobenzothiazoles was developed. This methodology could construct one C-N bond and two C-S bonds in a step reaction and provide the desired products in good to perfect yields.
- Min, Hao,Xiao, Genhua,Liu, Wenjuan,Liang, Yun
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supporting information
p. 11088 - 11091
(2016/12/09)
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- Domino Suzuki coupling and condensation reaction: An efficient strategy towards synthesis of phenanthridines
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A short and convenient hetero-annulation protocol has been developed for the synthesis of substituted phenanthridines via domino Suzuki coupling and condensation between N-(2-iodo-aryl)-formamide derivatives and 2-formylphenylboronic acid in the presence of Pd(OAc)2, Cs2CO3 and PPh3 as catalytic system in dry DMF at 85-90 °C for 6-7 h. The intermediate after Suzuki coupling and deprotection of nitrogen under the same catalytic system, furnishes the corresponding phenanthridines in good yields after immediate condensation and dehydration.
- Ghosh, Munmun,Ahmed, Atiur,Singha, Raju,Ray, Jayanta K.
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supporting information
p. 353 - 355
(2015/03/05)
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- Sulphuric acid immobilized on silica gel (H2SO4-SiO2) as an eco-friendly catalyst for transamidation
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A novel method of transamidation of carboxamides with amines by using catalytic amounts of H2SO4-SiO2 has been developed under solvent free conditions. The transamidation is compatible with a wide range of aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic, cyclic/acyclic primary or secondary amines. The metal/solvent-free conditions represent a significant improvement over other existing methods as the reaction can be performed in open air conditions and no column purification is required. The versatility of this methodology was further demonstrated by synthesizing the commercially available drug procainamide.
- Rasheed,Rao, D. Nageswar,Reddy, A. Siva,Shankar, Ravi,Das, Parthasarathi
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p. 10567 - 10574
(2015/02/05)
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- Synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted 2-aminoindolenines by palladium-catalyzed allylic amidination with isocyanide
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Synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted 2-aminoindolenines was achieved by palladium-catalyzed allylic amidination with an isocyanide. It was found that isocyanides are effective building blocks in palladium-catalyzed allylic functionalizations, analogous to carbo
- Nanjo, Takeshi,Tsukano, Chihiro,Takemoto, Yoshiji
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supporting information
p. 1473 - 1477
(2014/06/23)
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- Synthesis of 3-acyl-2-arylindole via palladium-catalyzed isocyanide insertion and oxypalladation of alkyne
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The synthesis of 3-acyl-2-arylindole derivatives was performed through palladium-catalyzed isocyanide insertion and oxypalladation of an alkyne. As a result of the introduction of internal nucleophiles, domino cyclization was also achieved for the synthes
- Nanjo, Takeshi,Yamamoto, Sho,Tsukano, Chihiro,Takemoto, Yoshiji
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supporting information
p. 3754 - 3757
(2013/08/23)
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- Silica supported perchloric acid catalyzed rapid N-formylation under solvent-free conditions
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A rapid and chemoselective method for the N-formylation of structurally diverse amines with formic acid using silica supported perchloric acid (HClO4-SiO2) at room temperature and under solvent-free conditions has been developed. The catalyst was found to be compatible with different functional groups and the formylation proceeded smoothly with amines bearing electron withdrawing as well as electron donating substituents.
- Ansari, Mohd. Imran,Hussain, Mohd. Kamil,Yadav, Nisha,Gupta, Puneet K.,Hajela
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experimental part
p. 2063 - 2065
(2012/07/14)
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- Synthesis of 2-aminoindole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives by the copper(I) iodide catalyzed reaction of N -(2-iodophenyl)formamides with malononitrile or cyanoacetates
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An efficient method for the synthesis of 2-aminoindole-3-carbonitriles and 2-aminoindole-3-carboxylates by the reaction of N-(2-iodophenyl)formamides with malononitrile and cyanoacetates, respectively, in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(I) io
- Kobayashi, Kazuhiro,Komatsu, Toshihide,Yokoi, Yuki,Konishi, Hisatoshi
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body text
p. 764 - 768
(2011/04/25)
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- Total synthesis of tryprostatins A and B
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Three distinct synthetic routes to the 2-prenyl tryptophan core skeleton of tryprostatins and their total syntheses are described. The strategies include a traditional gramine-mediated coupling reaction, Fuerstner indole synthesis, and our radical-mediated indole synthesis from o-alkenylphenyl isocyanide. The establishment of reliable conditions for the radical-mediated construction of indoles via a low-temperature radical initiator V-70 (2,2′-azobis(4- methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile)) led to the highly efficient syntheses of tryprostatins A and B.
- Yamakawa, Takayuki,Ideue, Eiji,Iwaki, Yuzo,Sato, Ayumu,Tokuyama, Hidetoshi,Shimokawa, Jun,Fukuyama, Tohru
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experimental part
p. 6547 - 6560
(2011/09/20)
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- Synthesis of 2-halogenated quinolines by halide-mediated intramolecular cyclization of o-alkynylaryl isocyanides
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When o-alkynylaryl isocyanides 1 are treated with triethylamine in chloroform, intramolecular chlorinating cyclization of the isocyanides takes place, affording the corresponding 2-chlorinated quinoline derivatives 2 in good to excellent yields, selective
- Mitamura, Takenori,Nomoto, Akihiro,Sonoda, Motohiro,Ogawa, Akiya
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 822 - 824
(2010/09/06)
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- Total synthesis of tryprostatins a and b
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A reasonable approach to the radical: The establishment of reliable conditions for the radical-mediated construction of indoles enabled the highly efficient synthesis of tryprostatins A and B. Use of the radical initiator 2,2′-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) has allowed to carry out the radical cyclization at just 30°C, thereby suppressing the formation of by-products. Copyright
- Yamakawa, Takayuki,Ideue, Eiji,Shimokawa, Jun,Fukuyama, Tohru
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 9262 - 9265
(2011/02/25)
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- ortho-Lithiophenyl isocyanide: A versatile precursor for 3H-quinazolin-4-ones and 3H-quinazolin-4-thiones
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(Chemical Equation Presented) ortho-Lithiophenyl isocyanide has been generated from ortho-bromophenyl isocyanide and successfully employed toward the synthesis of 2-substituted phenyl Isocyanides as well as 2,3-disubstituted 3H-quinazoline-4-ones and 3H-q
- Lygin, Alexander V.,De Meijere, Armin
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 389 - 392
(2009/09/05)
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- Studies in Acyl C-H activation via aryl and alkyl to acyl "through space" migration of palladium
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Examples of the 1,4-migration of a palladium moiety in aryl- and alkylpalladium intermediates to the acyl position of an aldehyde or formamide have been observed. The resulting acylpalladium intermediate can undergo ester or carbamate formation by reaction with an alcohol; decarbonylation, followed by β hydride elimination to an alkene; reaction with an organomercurial to form an ester; or alkene insertion. Deuterium-labeling studies have been used to confirm the palladium migration mechanism.
- Kesharwani, Tanay,Verma, Akhilesh K.,Emrich, Daniel,Ward, Jeffrey A.,Larock, Richard C.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2591 - 2593
(2009/10/23)
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- New route to the 5,12-dihydro-7H-benzo[2,3]azepino[4,5-b]indol-6-one core via a tin-mediated indole synthesis
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A new route to the paullone scaffold was designed. The key step consisted in a free radical indole formation from an o-alkenyl arylisonitrile followed by Stille coupling with N-Boc-o-iodoaniline. After deprotection and closure of the seven-membered ring by lactamisation, parent or cyano-substituted paullones were obtained in moderate to good yields. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Henry, Nicolas,Blu, Jerome,Beneteau, Valerie,Merour, Jean-Yves
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p. 3895 - 3901
(2008/02/09)
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- 2-amino-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones as inhibitors of C1r serine protease
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A series of 2-amino-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones have been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of the complement enzyme C1r. C1r is a serine protease at the beginning of the complement cascade, and complement activation by β-amyloid may represent a major contributing pathway to the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. Compounds such as 7-chloro-2-[(2- iodophenyl)amino]benz[d][1,3]oxazin-4-one (32) and 7-methyl-2-[(2- iodophenyl)amino]benz[d][1,3]oxazin-4-one (37) show improved potency compared to the reference compound FUT-175. Many of these active compounds also possess increased selectivity for C1r compared to trypsin and enhanced hydrolytic stability relative to 2-(2-iodophenyl)-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one (1).
- Hays, Sheryl J.,Caprathe, Bradley W.,Gilmore, John L.,Amin, Nilam,Emmerling, Mark R.,Michael, Walter,Nadimpalli, Ravi,Nath, Rathna,Raser, Kadee J.,Stafford, Daniel,Watson, Desiree,Wang, Kevin,Jaen, Juan C.
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p. 1060 - 1067
(2007/10/03)
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- 2-SUBSTITUTED-4H-3, 1-BENZOXAZIN-4-ONES AND BENZTHIAZIN-4-ONES AS INHIBITORS OF COMPLEMENT C1R PROTEASE FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES
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This invention concerns certain 2-substituted-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones and benzthiazinones as complement Clr protease inhibitors and antiinflammatory agents, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, methods of using them, and processes for their preparat
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