- Catalytic and electrocatalytic wet oxidation of phenol using two new nickel(II) tetraazamacrocycle complexes under heterogeneous conditions
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Two new tetraazamacrocycle complexes, namely, 7,16-dinicotinoyl[Ni{Me4(4-MeBzo)2[14]tetraeneN4}] and 7,16-diisonicotinoyl[Ni{Me4(4-MeBzo)2[14]tetraeneN4}] (where [Ni{Me4(4-MeBzo)
- Bansal, Vipin Kumar,Thankachan, Pompozhi Protasis,Prasad, Rajendra
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- Palladium(II)-catalysed oxidation of alcohols under an oxygen atmosphere in a fluorous biphase system (FBS)
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Palladium(II) acetate catalyses the aerobic oxidation of alcohols into the corresponding aldehydes and ketones in the presence of a catalytic amount of a novel perfluoroalkylated-pyridine as a ligand using molecular oxygen in a fluorous biphase system (FBS) composed of toluene and perfluorodecalin. This catalytic system is applicable to various benzylic and aliphatic alcohols. The fluorous phase containing the active palladium species is easily separated and can be reused several times without a significant loss of catalytic activity. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2000.
- Nishimura, Takahiro,Maeda, Yasunari,Kakiuchi, Nobuyuki,Uemura, Sakae
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- The bilateral action between EQ14-2-14 gemini surfactant and bovine serum albumin by DPI and 1H NMR
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Gemini surfactant diglycol bis-N-tetradecyl nicotinate dibromide (designed as EQ14-2-14) has been synthesized. The interaction between EQ14-2-14 and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by dual polarization interferometry (DPI), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and molecular docking. Owing to the binding of EQ14-2-14, the thickness and mass of BSA increased; refractive index (RI) and density firstly raised and then tended to a plateau. In addition, a decrease of α-helix was observed from 54.01% to 31.56% with an increase in random structure from 7.86% to 21.76%. Due to BSA intertwining, the proton resonance signals of EQ14-2-14 shifted up-field and relaxation time decreased with increasing concentration of BSA. The study of molecular docking indicated that EQ14-2-14 embedded into subdomain II of BSA by π-π stacking between the electron-deficit pyridinium rings in EQ14-2-14 and the electron-abundant pyrrole ring in Trp residues of BSA, by hydrogen bonding and by hydrophobic interaction. Therefore the present work offers a whole view of the interaction of BSA with a new gemini surfactant.
- Wu, Gang,Jiang, Xiaohui,Zhou, Limei,Yang, Lijun,Wang, Ya,Xia, Guangqiang,Chen, Zhengjun,Duan, Ming
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- Crystal structure and energy optimization of dichlorobis(ethylanthranilatonicotinamide)zinc(II)
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The title compound, C30H28Cl2N 4O6Zn, dichlorobis(ethylanthranilatonicotinamide)zinc(II) crystallized in a triclinic space group, P - 1, with cell parameters a = 7.787(3), b = 13.468(1), c = 15.735(1)
- Narayanan, Venkatraj V.,Gopalan, R. Srinivasa,Chakrabarty, Debojit,Mobin, Shaikh M.,Mathur, Pradeep
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- Synthesis and characterization of novel 6-fluoro-4-piperidinyl-1,2- benzisoxazole amides and 6-fluoro-chroman-2-carboxamides: Antimicrobial studies
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Novel derivatives of 6-fluoro-4-piperidinyl-1,2-benzisoxazole amides 4(I-VI) were obtained by the condensation of different acid chlorides with 6-fluoro-3-piperidin-4yl-benzo[d]isoxazole. Also, 6-fluoro-chroman-2- carboxamides 6(I-III) were synthesized by using nebulic acid chloride with different amines in presence of triethylamine as acid scavenger and dichloroethane as solvent. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and CHN analysis. These molecules were evaluated for their efficacy as antimicrobials in vitro by disc diffusion and microdilution method against pathogenic strains such as Bacillus substilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Xanthomonas campestris pvs, X. oryzae, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Trichoderma species, F. monaliforme, and Penicillum species. Compounds 4I, 4IV, 4V, 6I, 6II and 6III showed better inhibitory activity than compared to standard drugs. Among these compounds, 4IV and 6III showed potent inhibitory activity against all the strains and found to be nonstrain dependent. The title compounds represent a novel class of potent antimicrobial agents.
- Priya,Basappa,Swamy, S. Nanjunda,Rangappa, Kanchugarakoppal S.
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- Anion templated surface assembly of a redox-active sensory rotaxane
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Anion templation is used to assemble novel redox-active bis-ferrocene functionalised rotaxane self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on to gold electrode surfaces; after template removal, the unique SAM rotaxane binding domain is capable of selectively sensing chloride ions electrochemically. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Bayly, Simon R.,Gray, Thomas M.,Chmielewski, Michal J.,Davis, Jason J.,Beer, Paul D.
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- One-pot preparation of esters from carboxylic acids using the PPh3-CCl3CN system
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A convenient one-pot process for preparing various esters from carboxylic acids using the Ph3P-CCl3CN has been developed. Racemic α-tocopherol, clofibrate and flavoxate were prepared in high yields using this method.
- Jang, Doo Ok,Cho, Dae Hyan,Kim, Joong-Gon
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- Fluorescent hydrogels formed by CH-π and π-π Interactions as the main driving forces: An approach toward understanding the relationship between fluorescence and structure
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Amide-linked tripyridine derivatives 1, with a para-substituent, and 2, with a meta-substituent, were gelated in water or water-DMSO. The gelation capabilities of 1 and 2 were attributed to the cooperative effects of mainly CH-π and π-π stacking or strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between the amide groups. The fluorescence properties of gels 1 and 2 were dependent on the binding strength of the π-π stacking.
- Ahn, Jinho,Park, Sunhong,Lee, Ji Ha,Jung, Sung Ho,Moon, Seung-Jin,Jung, Jong Hwa
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- Lipid lowering activity of novel N-(benzoylphenyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide derivatives in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats
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Context: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Many dyslipidemic patients do not achieve their target lipid levels with the currently available medications, and most of them may experience many side effects. Objective: The present work aimed toward identifying a new class of novel nicotinic acid-carboxamide derivatives as promising antihyperlipidemic compounds. Materials and methods: Six novel N-(benzoylphenyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized using acid chloride pathways. All structures were confirmed using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, and HRMS. The evaluation of biological activity was conducted using Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats model. Results: This study revealed that some of the newly synthesized novel N-(benzoylphenyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide derivatives mainly C4 and C6 possessed significant antihyperlipidemic activities on lipid components TG and TC (p value 0.05). Discussion and conclusion: This research opens the door for new potential antihyperlipidemic compounds derived from nicotinic acid that need further optimization of their biological activities.
- Abu Farha, Rana,Bustanji, Yasser,Al-Hiari, Yusuf,Al-Qirim, Tariq,Abu Shiekha, Ghassan,Albashiti, Rabab
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- Polymeric complexes with "piperazine-pyridine" building blocks: Synthesis, network structures, and third-order nonlinear optical properties
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A new bidentate "building block", N,N′-bis(3-pyridylformyl)piperazine (bpfp), was synthesized. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the piperazine ring in bpfp forms a chairlike structure conformation, bpfp self-assembled into two-dimensional layered rhombohedral grid polymers {[Mn(H2O)2(SO4)(bpfp)](H2O)3 (CH3OH)}n (1) and {[Zn(NCS)2(bpfp)2]·2H2O}n (2) with Mn(II) and Zn(II), a three-dimensional polymer [Cd(N3)2(bpfp)]n (3) with Cd(II), and a one-dimensional zigzag polymer [HgI2(bpfp)]n (4) with Hg(II). Each rhombohedral grid in polymer 1 is composed of four Mn, two bpfp, and two SO42-; the dimensions of the grid are 6.537 × 12.843 A. In polymer 2, each rhombohedral grid consists of 60-membered rings Zn4(bpfp)4 showing the dimensions of 14.231 × 15.586 A. Zn4(bpfp)4 grids are bridged by Zn ions and all pyridyl-N atoms of bpfp ligands into the 2-D network structure along a and c directions. Polymer 3 exhibits a 3-D layered structure with tetragonal prism channel viewing from a direction. The bpfp ligands occupy the four edges of tetragonal prism channel, which is cut off by layers consisting of rhombohedral grids Cd4(N3)4. Polymer 4 is quite different from polymers 1-3; it exhibits a 1-D zigzag framework extending along the c axis. Polymers 1-3 possess a very strong NLO absorption and self-focusing effect. Their third-order NLO absorptive coefficients α2 are 9.2 × 10-9, 6.9 × 10-9, and 7.1 × 10-9 m W-1. The third-order NLO hyperpolarizabilities γ are 1.79 × 10-28, 9.10 × 10-29, and 9.66 × 10-29 esu, respectively. The γ values are comparable to those of the best NLO materials and coordination polymers. We found that the valence shell structures of central metal ions can influence the NLO properties of coordination polymers.
- Hou, Hongwei,Song, Yinglin,Xu, Hong,Wei, Yongli,Fan, Yaoting,Zhu, Yu,Li, Linke,Du, Chenxia
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- Improved delivery through biological membranes XIV: Brain-specific, sustained delivery of testosterone using a redox chemical delivery system
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The dihydropyridine ? pyridinium salt redox delvery system was used for the specific delivery and sustained release of testosterone in the brain. Administration of the N-methyl-1,4-dihydro nicotinate ester of testosterone in female rats gave high and sustained brain levels of the corresponding quaternary ester, testosterone trigonellinate. This contrasted with rapid elimination from the general circulation. Release of testosterone 'locked into' brain as the quaternary salt was sustained, t 1/2 =20 h.
- Bodor,Farag
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- Phase transfer-catalyzed, one-pot synthesis of some novel N-pyrimidinyl-N'-nicotinyl thiourea derivatives
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A new series of acyl thiourea derivatives were synthesized in one-pot using PEG-600 as the phase transfer catalyst (PTC). The structures of title compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, IR, MS, and elemental analysis. In addition, the fungicidal activity of the acyl thiourea derivatives were tested, which showed that most of them exhibit moderate activity. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Liu, Xing-Hai,Tan, Cheng-Xia,Weng, Jian-Quan
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- A novel class of geldanamycin derivatives as HCV replication inhibitors targeting on Hsp90: Synthesis, structure-activity relationships and anti-HCV activity in GS4.3 replicon cells
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A novel class of geldanamycin (GA) derivatives as hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication inhibitors has been synthesized and their anti-HCV activities were evaluated in GS4.3 HCV replicon cells. Most of the synthesized compounds demonstrated potential activities against HCV in vitro. Substitution with an aliphatic cyclic group (2b) and polar phosphate group (2f) at the 17 position of GA resulted in more potent inhibitory activity. The configurations of the tetrahydrofurfurylamino (THFM) substituents obviously affected their antiviral activities. The 2b with a 2′-(R)-THFM group at the 17 position showed much potent activity and higher selectivity than its 2′-(S) and 2′-(R, S) epimers. In the tested GA derivatives, 2b and 2f show the most potential leading compounds for development of novel anti-HCV agents.
- Shan, Guang-Zhi,Peng, Zong-Gen,Li, Yu-Huan,Li, Dong,Li, Yan-Ping,Meng, Shuai,Gao, Lin-Yan,Jiang, Jian-Dong,Li, Zhuo-Rong
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- Design, synthesis, and vasorelaxation activity of novel imperatorin derivatives
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In this study, a series of novel imperatorin derivatives 7a-7e were designed and synthesized. Their vasorelaxation activities were evaluated by the pharmacological experiments in vitro. Most of the tested compounds exhibited better water solubility and vasorelaxation activity in different degrees, especially 7b and 7c with EC50 values of 2.29 and 2.63 μM, respectively on mesenteric artery, 7d and 7e with EC50 values of 1.04 and 2.65 μM, respectively on brain artery. The results indicated that these novel compounds have a potential interest for the development of novel and potent vasorelaxant agents for different kinds of arteries.
- Zhou, Nan,He, Jian-Yu,Wang, Tao,Zhang, Jie,He, Huai-Zhen
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- Benzylsulfanyl benzo-heterocycle amides and hydrazones as new agents against drug-susceptible and resistant: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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A series of benzylsulfanyl benzo-heterocycle amides and hydrazones were synthesized and evaluated for anti-tubercular activities. The isonicotinyl hydrazone derivatives 12d, 12e and 12f exhibited good anti-tubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC #27294) with MIC values of 0.23, 0.24 and 0.24 μM, respectively, and were also active against SDR-TB, MDR-TB and XDR-TB. More importantly, compound 12e also showed low cytotoxicity and good metabolic stability, and could significantly reduce the mycobacterial burden in a mouse model infected with autoluminescent H37Ra strain, which may serve as a lead compound for further development.
- Lu, Xiaoyun,Hu, Xianglong,Liu, Zhiyong,Zhang, Tianyu,Wang, Ruibing,Wan, Baojie,Franzblau, Scott G.,You, Qidong
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- A tetragonal molecular cage and polymeric macrocyclic complex based on a clip-like bis-pyridyl-bis-amide ligand
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Reactions of a bis-pyridyl-bis-amide ligand, N,N′-bis(pyridin-3-yl)- 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide (bppdca) with nickel(II) and cobalt(II) salts resulted in a tetragonal molecular cage, [Ni2(bppdca)4(SCN) 4] (1), and a 1-D polymeric macrocyclic complex, [Co(bppdca)(SO 4)(CH3OH)(DMF)]n ·nCH3OH (2) (DMF=N,N′-dimethylformamide). Compound 1 features a tetragonal cage-like structure. In each cage, four bppdca ligands are twisted in the same direction, which endow the cage with chirality. However, because the twist or screw directions of adjacent cages are contrary, 1 is a mesomer and exhibits no chirality on the whole. Compound 2 possesses a 1-D, double-chain structure containing Co4(SO4)4(bppdca)2 macrocyclic subunits.
- Li, Ya-Meng,Yu, Ya-Hui,Peng, Yu-Han,Wu, Ben-Lai,Zhang, Hong-Yun
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- Pseudocryptand Hosts for Paraquats and Diquats
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H-bonding interaction of acidic moieties (CH2OH, COOH) at the 5- and 5′-positions of bis(1,3-phenylene)-32-crown-10 (1) with di- or tritopic anions leads to enhanced formation of inclusion complexes with N,N′-dialkyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salts ("paraquats", 2); the enforced folding of the crown ethers into pseudocryptands thus leads to pseudo-pseudorotaxanes. Strikingly, in the presence of the most effective anion (trifluoroacetate, TFA), the apparent bimolecular association constants for crown-paraquat complexation increase by more than an order of magnitude and approach those for covalent cryptands derived from the crown ether. Even though they may form pseudocryptands, the picolinate, nicotinate, and isonicotinate diesters 6 of cis-(4,4')-bis(hydroxymethyl)dibenzo-30-crown-10 do not exhibit enhanced binding of either diquat or paraquat relative to the starting diol in contrast to the picolinate ester of isomeric 5,5′-bis(hydroxymethyl)bis(m-phenylene)-32-crown-10, which displayed a higher binding constant than the starting diol. The results for the analogous reverse esters 7 derived from cis-(4,4')-dicarboxydibenzo-30-crown-10 and pyridylmethanols reveal weaker complexes with diquat than the normal esters 6; however, surprisingly, two reverse esters 7 complex paraquat more strongly than isomers 6.
- Jones, Jason W.,Price, Terry L.,Huang, Feihe,Zakharov, Lev,Rheingold, Arnold L.,Slebodnick, Carla,Gibson, Harry W.
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- Synthesis and crystal structure of 2-nitroxyethyl nicotinate and its complex with PdCl2
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The reaction of nicotinoyl chloride with ethylene glycol mononitrate yielded the previously unknown 2-nitroxyethyl nicotinate. The resulting ester was used as a ligand in the reaction with PdCl2 for preparing a new complex, trans-bis(2-nitroxyethyl nicotinate-N)dichloropalladium(II). The structures of the ligand and the complex were established by X-ray structural analysis.
- Fedorov,Golovina,Fadeev,Eremeev,Arakcheeva,Strukov,Kedrov,Shilov,Trofimova,Atovmyan
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- Synthesis of sugar modified nucleosides containing nicotinic, quinaldic, indol-3-ylpropionic or 1-nitroanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid residue
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The nucleoside derivatives were synthesized with arylcarbonic acid residue as an anchor group at the sugar moiety coupled by an ester or an amide bond. Their cytotoxic properties and effects on DNA structure were studied.
- Melnik,Ektova,Goryunova,Khorysheva,Makutova,Plikhtyak,Yartseva
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- Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of tetrakis-μ-carboxylato-bis(dodecylnicotinato)dicopper(II) complexes; crystal and molecular structure of the decyl carboxylate derivative
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Dodecylnicotinate bis-adducts of binuclear copper carboxylates, of the general formula Cu2(O2CCn-1H2n-1)4(C 5H4NCOOC12H25)2, were synthesized for n = 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20, and their crystal structure, thermal behavior and magnetic properties studied. The molecular structure of the decyl derivative has been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The dimer is centrosymmetric with the CuII ions in a square-pyramidal coordination with four O-alkyl O atoms [average d(Cu - O) 1.960 (6) A] in the basal plane and the nicotine N atom at apical positions [d(Cu - N) 2.183 (3) A]. The copper ions, 2.615 (1) A apart, are bridged by four O-alkyl carboxylate groups. Both the n = 20 and n = 18 homologues exhibit lamellar phases, which can be related to the supramolecular arrangement found in the n = 10 derivative. The magnetic behavior of the decyl and octadecyl dimers was studied in the 2-300 K temperature range. They exhibit a strong intramolecular antiferromagnetic interaction (Cu-Cu superexchange coupling constant J = -347 cm-1 for the decyl derivative), which can be attributed to a large overlap of the metal 3d orbitals and the oxygen lone pair orbitals of the linking carboxylate groups.
- Rusjan, Marcia,Chaia, Zulema,Piro, Oscar E.,Guillon, Daniel,Cukiernik, Fabio D.
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- Prodrug compound and application thereof in treatment of cancer
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The present invention provides a compound indicated by a formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters thereof, a pharmaceutical composition of the compound, and the use of the compound andthe pharmaceutical composition in inhibition or regulation of tyrosine kinase activity, and treatment of tyrosine kinase mediated disease symptoms or disorders including cancer.
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Paragraph 0132-0133
(2021/03/06)
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- Novel Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2) modulators
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The present disclosure provides novel compounds capable of functioning as Myoctye Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2) modulators, as well as compositions, pharmaceutical formulations, methods of synthesis and kits. Also provided are methods of treating a condition regulatable by MEF2 and/or MEF2 cofactors using the compounds, compositions, pharmaceutical formulations, and kits provided herein.
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- Synthesis and insecticidal activity of rotenone analogues
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Rotenone, one of traditional botanical insecticide, has been used more than one hundred years. A variety of rotenone derivatives were designed and synthesized in recent years due to environmental benign character and not easy to generate insecticide resistance. This paper described the molecular design, synthesis, and insecticidal activities of a series of rotenone analogues and 2-substituted rotenone derivatives. The preliminary bioassay showed that isorotenone and 2-rotenone nicotinate is equal to rotenone's against Musca domestica.
- Zhicheng, Liu,Dingxin, Jiang,Hanhong, Xu,Xiaohua, Zheng
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p. 1063 - 1070
(2018/10/26)
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- Metathesis-active ligands enable a catalytic functional group metathesis between aroyl chlorides and aryl iodides
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Current methods for functional group interconversion have, for the most part, relied on relatively strong driving forces which often require highly reactive reagents to generate irreversibly a desired product in high yield and selectivity. These approaches generally prevent the use of the same catalytic strategy to perform the reverse reaction. Here we describe a catalytic functional group metathesis approach to interconvert, under CO-free conditions, two synthetically important classes of electrophiles that are often employed in the preparation of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals—aroyl chlorides (ArCOCl) and aryl iodides (ArI). Our reaction design relies on the implementation of a key reversible ligand C–P bond cleavage event, which enables a non-innocent, metathesis-active phosphine ligand to mediate a rapid aryl group transfer between the two different electrophiles. Beyond enabling a practical and safer approach to the interconversion of ArCOCl and ArI, this type of ligand non-innocence provides a blueprint for the development of a broad range of functional group metathesis reactions employing synthetically relevant aryl electrophiles.
- Lee, Yong Ho,Morandi, Bill
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p. 1016 - 1022
(2018/09/06)
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- A acetyl gastrodine derivative and its preparation method, preparation and application
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The present invention discloses an acetagastrodin derivative, a preparation method, a preparation, and applications thereof, wherein the acetagastrodin derivative is a derivative having a general formula I, and R represents an alkyl or carbonyl compound. The preparation method comprises that: ethylparaben, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, nicotinic acid, triacetyl gallic acid, cinnamic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, succinic anhydride or potassium 4-hydroxybulyrate is adopted as raw material and is subjected to a condensation reaction with acetagastrodin to obtain the target product. The preparation is tablets, capsules, injections or lyophilized powder prepared by adding a pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary agent to the acetagastrodin derivative. The applications comprise the application of the acetagastrodin derivative in preparation of anticoagulation drugs and the application of the acetagastrodin derivative in preparation of drugs for prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The acetagastrodin derivative preparation method of the present invention has characteristics of simpleness, easy performing, good reproducibility, and low environmental pollution, and can be used for mass preparation of the compound represented by the following formula.
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Paragraph 0093; 0094
(2018/01/05)
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- A benzyl alcohol ether compound and its preparation method, preparation and application
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The invention discloses a benzyl alcohol ether compound, a preparation method, a preparation and applications thereof. The benzyl alcohol ether compound is a derivative, of which a general formula is represented as the formula (I), and a salt thereof, wherein R is represented as an alkyl compound and a carbonyl compound. The preparation method comprises a step of performing a dehydration reaction between raw materials, comprising ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, p-hydroxy benzaldehyde, nicotinic acid or triacetyl gallic acid, and 4-((3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine-2-yl)methoxyl)benzyl alcohol to generate a target product. The preparation is a tablet, a capsule, an injection liquid or a freeze-dried powder injection which is prepared from the benzyl alcohol ether compound with addition of pharmaceutically-acceptable auxiliary materials. The applications of the benzyl alcohol ether compound includes an application in preparation of an anticoagulant medicine and an application in preparation of a medicine preventing and/or treating drugs for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The preparation method is simple and easy to carry out, is good in repeatability, is less in environmental pollution, and can be used for preparing the compound represented as the following formula in a large scale.
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Paragraph 0083; 0084
(2017/08/25)
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- Method for preparing aminopyridine from methylpyridine, and purifying method of aminopyridine
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The invention relates to the field of organic synthesis, and concretely relates to a method for preparing aminopyridine from methylpyridine, and a purifying method of aminopyridine. Crude aminopyridine is prepared from corresponding methylpyridine through oxidation, esterification, hydrazinolysis and rearrangement reactions, the reaction yield of every step is high, and a post-treatment technology is easy to industrially operate; in the oxidation reaction, beta-cyclodextrin is used as a catalyst, so the conversion rate of the oxidation reaction is increased, and the generation of byproducts is reduced; and anhydrous ethanol and an alkane reagent are used to re-crystallize the crude aminopyridine, and a decolorizing agent is combined, and the purity of the final product reaches 98% or more; and the purifying method has the advantages of simplicity, easiness in operation, easily available raw materials, and suitableness for industrial production.
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- The contribution of polar C-H hydrogen bonds to anion binding
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The contribution of C-H hydrogen bonds is one of the key factors to consider in anion binding receptor design. To investigate the participation of C-H hydrogen bonds through C-H polarization in an anion binding event, we have designed and synthesized thre
- Choi, Yusun,Kim, Taehoon,Jang, Soonmin,Kang, Jongmin
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p. 794 - 802
(2016/01/12)
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- Preparation method of acyl chloride
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The invention relates to a preparation method of acyl chloride. The method comprises the following steps that 1, carboxylic acid is added into a reactor, or carboxylic acid is dissolved in organic solvent, a device is connected, and the temperature is raised to 100 DGE C-250 DEG C; 2, phosgene is introduced into the reactor for a reaction, and then the temperature is decreased to room temperature; 3, nitrogen is introduced, residual phosgene and hydrogen chloride are cleaned away, reaction liquid which is reacted without solvent is subjected to decompression distillation and purification directly, and needed acyl chloride is obtained; reaction liquid which is reacted with the solvent is subjected to decompression distillation to remove the solvent, and needed acyl chloride is obtained. According to the preparation method of acyl chloride, no catalyst is added, the risks that in the synthesizing process, due to the fact that the catalyst is dissolved, color of the finial product of acyl chloride is increased, and the catalyst is remained in late products are avoided, after the reaction is finished, high-quality acyl chloride can be obtained through decompression distillation, and the technological process is simple; due to the fact that in the whole technological process, except for absorbable and available phosgene, hydrogen chloride and carbon dioxide, no other three waste is discharged, the preparation method of acyl chloride is environmentally friendly, and the good implement value is achieved.
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Paragraph 0062; 0063
(2016/11/28)
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- A METHOD FOR PRODUCING 2,3-DICHLORO-5-(TRICHLOROMETHYL)PYRIDINE
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The present invention relates to a novel process for producing of 2,3-dichloro-5-(trichloromethyl)pyridine by using PCl as chlorinating agent at elevated temperature and pressure.
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Page/Page column 17; 18
(2015/01/09)
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- Novel bis-indolic derivatives, their uses in particular as antibacterials
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The present invention relates to novel bis-indolic derivatives, processes for their preparation, and their potential use as new antibacterial drugs.
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Paragraph 0261-0262
(2013/03/26)
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- Discovery of a series of thiazole derivatives as novel inhibitors of metastatic cancer cell migration and invasion
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Effective inhibitors of cancer cell migration and invasion can potentially lead to clinical applications as a therapy to block tumor metastasis, the primary cause of death in cancer patients. To this end, we have designed and synthesized a series of thiazole derivatives that showed potent efficacy against cell migration and invasion in metastatic cancer cells. The most effective compound, 5k, was found to have an IC50 value of 176 nM in the dose-dependent transwell migration assays in MDA-MB-231cells. At a dose of 10 μM, 5k also blocked about 80% of migration in HeLa and A549 cells and 60% of invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Importantly, the majority of the derivatives exhibited no apparent cytotoxicity in the clonogenic assays. The low to negligible inhibition of cell proliferation is a desirable property of these antimigration derivatives because they hold promise of low toxicity to healthy cells as potential therapeutic agents. Mechanistic studies analyzing the actin cytoskeleton by microscopy demonstrate that compound 5k substantially reduced cellular f-actin and prevented localization of fascin to actin-rich membrane protrusions. These results suggest that the antimigration activity may result from impaired actin structures in protrusions that are necessary to drive migration.
- Zheng, Shilong,Zhong, Qiu,Jiang, Quan,Mottamal, Madhusoodanan,Zhang, Qiang,Zhu, Naijue,Burow, Matthew E.,Worthylake, Rebecca A.,Wang, Guangdi
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supporting information
p. 191 - 196
(2013/03/28)
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- Quantification of the effect of conformational restriction on supramolecular effective molarities
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The association constants for a family of 96 closely related zinc porphyrin-pyridine ligand complexes have been measured in two different solvents, toluene and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE). The zinc porphyrin receptors are equipped with phenol side arms, which can form intramolecular H-bonds with ester or amide side arms on the pyridine ligands. These association constants were used to construct 64 chemical double mutant cycles, which measure the free energy contributions of intramolecular H-bonding interactions to the overall stability of the complexes. Measurement of association constants for the corresponding intermolecular H-bonding interactions allowed determination of the effective molarities (EM) for the intramolecular interactions. Comparison of ligands that feature amide H-bond acceptors and ester H-bonds at identical sites on the ligand framework show that the values of EM are practically identical. Similarly, the values of EM are practically identical in toluene and in TCE. However, comparison of two ligand series that differ by one degree of torsional freedom shows that the values of EM for the flexible ligands are an order of magnitude lower than for the corresponding rigid ligands. This observation holds for a range of different supramolecular architectures with different degrees of receptor-ligand complementarity and suggests that in general the cost of freezing a rotor in supramolecular complexes is of the order of 5 kJ/mol.
- Adams, Harry,Chekmeneva, Elena,Hunter, Christopher A.,Misuraca, Maria Cristina,Navarro, Cristina,Turega, Simon M.
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p. 1853 - 1863
(2013/04/10)
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- Synthesis, antimycobacterial, antiviral, antimicrobial activity and QSAR studies of N2-acyl isonicotinic acid hydrazide derivatives
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A series of N2-acyl isonicotinic acid hydrazides (1-17) was synthesized and tested for its in vitro antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the results indicated that the compound, isonicotinic acid N′- tetradecanoyl-hydrazide (12) was more active than the reference compound isoniazid. The results of antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, C. albicans and A. niger indicated that compounds with dichloro, hydroxyl, tri-iodo and N 2 -tetradecanoyl substituent were the most active ones. The antiviral activity studies depicted that none of the tested compounds were active against DNA or RNA viruses. The multi-target QSAR model was found to be effective in describing the antimicrobial activity of N2-acyl isonicotinic acid hydrazides.
- Judge, Vikramjeet,Narasimhan, Balasubramanian,Ahuja, Munish,Sriram, Dharmarajan,Yogeeswari, Perumal,De Clercq, Erik,Pannecouque, Christophe,Balzarini, Jan
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- Microwave assisted synthesis and biological activity of n-aryl-n'-nicotinoyl thiourea
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A series of N-aryl-N'-nicotinoyl thiourea derivatives were synthesized using microwave irradiation. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis. Fungicidal activity of the compounds were evaluated through G. zeae
- Tong, Jian-Ying,Sun, Na-Bo,Wu, Hong-Ke
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p. 5420 - 5422
(2013/07/26)
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- Phenolic esters of O-desmethylvenlafaxine with improved Oral bioavailability and brain uptake
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O-Desmethylvenlafaxine (desvenlafaxine, ODV) is a recently approved antidepressant which in some clinical studies failed to meet a satisfactory end-point. The aim of this study was to prepare a series of phenolic esters of ODV and evaluate their potential as ODV prodrugs with improved brain uptake. Fifteen phenolic esters (compounds 1a-o) were synthesized and their pharmacokinetic profiles evaluated in rat. The four compounds producing the highest relative bioavailability of ODV in rat (compounds 1c, 1e, 1n, 1o) were then studied to evaluate their brain uptake. Of these four compounds, compound 1n (the piperonylic acid ester of ODV) demonstrated the highest Cmax of ODV both in the rat hypothalamus and total brain. Finally the pharmacokinetics of 1n were evaluated in beagle dog where the increase in relative bioavailability of ODV was found to be as great as in rat. This high relative bioavailability of ODV coupled with its good brain penetration make 1n the most promising candidate for development as an ODV prodrug.
- Zhang, Yang,Yang, Yan,Zhao, Sen,Yang, Zhichao,Yang, Hong,Fawcett, J. Paul,Li, Youxin,Gu, Jingkai,Sun, Tiemin
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p. 14920 - 14934
(2014/01/17)
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- Diaryl-1,2,4-oxadiazole antioxidants: Synthesis and properties of inhibiting the oxidation of DNA and scavenging radicals
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Six 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives were prepared in order to compare their abilities to protect DNA against radical-mediated oxidation and to scavenge radicals. These derivatives had a structure based on disubstituted 1,2,4-oxadiazole, in which a vanillin group (A ring) and a substituted benzene group (B ring) were the substituents. The functional group at B ring was assigned as ortho- or meta-hydroxylbenzene group, ortho-chlorobenzene group, no group contained, and pyridine group or vanillin group at B ring. It was found that the compound with two vanillin groups attaching to oxadiazole can trap 2.05 radicals in protecting DNA against 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH)-induced oxidation, and the compound with an ortho-hydroxylbenzene group at B ring can trap 1.78 radicals. The compound with an ortho-chlorobenzene group at B ring exhibited the highest ability to inhibit ·OH-induced oxidation of DNA, while the compound with a meta-hydroxylbenzene group at B ring inhibited Cu2+/glutathione (GSH)-induced oxidation of DNA efficiently. The ortho- and para-hydroxylbenzene groups at B ring made the compounds possess the highest rate constant (k) in scavenging 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cationic radical (ABTS+.) and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). Therefore, only a few hydroxyl groups can markedly enhance the activity of the core-branched antioxidant, which may be a novel structural feature in designing antioxidant.
- Zhao, Chao,Liu, Zai-Qun
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p. 842 - 849
(2013/04/24)
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- Analogues of fenarimol are potent inhibitors of trypanosoma cruzi and are efficacious in a murine model of chagas disease
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We report the discovery of nontoxic fungicide fenarimol (1) as an inhibitor of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), the causative agent of Chagas disease, and the results of structure-activity investigations leading to potent analogues with low nM IC50s in a T. cruzi whole cell in vitro assay. Lead compounds suppressed blood parasitemia to virtually undetectable levels after once daily oral dosing in mouse models of T. cruzi infection. Compounds are chemically tractable, allowing rapid optimization of target biological activity and drug characteristics. Chemical and biological studies undertaken in the development of the fenarimol series toward the goal of delivering a new drug candidate for Chagas disease are reported.
- Keenan, Martine,Abbott, Michael J.,Alexander, Paul W.,Armstrong, Tanya,Best, Wayne M.,Berven, Bradley,Botero, Adriana,Chaplin, Jason H.,Charman, Susan A.,Chatelain, Eric,Von Geldern, Thomas W.,Kerfoot, Maria,Khong, Andrea,Nguyen, Tien,McManus, Joshua D.,Morizzi, Julia,Ryan, Eileen,Scandale, Ivan,Thompson, R. Andrew,Wang, Sen Z.,White, Karen L.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4189 - 4204
(2012/07/27)
-
- NOVEL DIHYDROPYRIDIN-2(1H)-ONE COMPOUNDS AS S-NITROSOGLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE INHIBITORS AND NEUROKININ-3 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
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The present invention is directed to novel dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one compounds useful as S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) inhibitors and/or Neurokinin-3 (NK3) receptor antagonists, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of making and using the same.
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Page/Page column 47
(2012/02/02)
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- The transposing of isomer yields in the methanolyses of N-substituted quinolinimides by triethylamine
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The effect of triethylamine in transposing the respective yields of the two isomeric esters ensuing from the methanolysis of N-substituted quinolinimides is described and is rationalized with a mechanism.
- Van Es, Theodorus,Staskun, Benjamin,Karuso, Peter
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experimental part
p. 53 - 61
(2012/06/04)
-
- COMPOUNDS
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The present invention features compounds of formula (I): and salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds, and uses of such compounds in treating or preventing viral infections, such as HCV infections, and diseases associated with such infections.
- -
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Page/Page column 28-29
(2012/06/01)
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- Synthesis and characterization of novel N-acyl cyclic urea derivatives
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A series of novel N-acyl cyclic urea derivatives (3a-3l) have been synthesized by the reactions of 1-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)imidazolidin-2- one (1) with various acyl chlorides in the yields of 35-95%. Subsequently, N-acyl cyclic urea derivatives co
- Yang, Tingting,Gao, Guohua
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experimental part
p. 304 - 316
(2012/06/29)
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- Decarbonylative C-H coupling of azoles and aryl esters: Unprecedented nickel catalysis and application to the synthesis of muscoride A
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A nickel-catalyzed decarbonylative C-H biaryl coupling of azoles and aryl esters is described. The newly developed catalytic system does not require the use of expensive metal catalysts or silver- or copper-based stoichiometric oxidants. We have successfully applied this new C-H arylation reaction to a convergent formal synthesis of muscoride A.
- Amaike, Kazuma,Muto, Kei,Yamaguchi, Junichiro,Itami, Kenichiro
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 13573 - 13576
(2012/10/08)
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- Complexes of unsymmetric bis-hydrazide ligands: Crystal structures and properties
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Two unsymmetric bis-aroyl-hydrazines, N-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) isonicotinohydrazide (L1) and N-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)nicotinohydrazide (L2), were synthesized through reactions of salicyl hydrazide with isonicotinoyl chloride and nicotinoyl chloride, respectively.
- Zhou, Ying-Xia,Yuan, Rui-Fang,Fan, Cai-Ling,Liu, Li-E,Wu, Ben-Lai,Zhang, Hong-Yun
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experimental part
p. 3133 - 3146
(2012/10/08)
-
- Catalytic syntheses of N-heterocyclic ynones and ynediones by in situ activation of carboxylic acids with oxalyl chloride
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Breaking the bottleneck: α-Keto carboxylic acids and N-heterocyclic carboxylic acids are activated in situ with oxalyl chloride then catalytically alkynylated to give ynediones and N-heterocyclic ynones efficiently in a one-pot fashion. 5-Acylpyrazoles and 2-phenylaminopyrimidines, potentially interesting for pharmaceutical applications, are readily synthesized in concise one-pot, three-component syntheses. Copyright
- Boersch, Christina,Merkul, Eugen,Mueller, Thomas J. J.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 10448 - 10452
(2011/12/05)
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- INHIBITORS OF AKT ACTIVITY
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The instant invention provides for substituted thiazoles that inhibit Akt activity. In particular, the compounds disclosed selectively inhibit one or two of the Akt isoforms. The invention also provides for compositions comprising such inhibitory compound
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Page/Page column 56
(2011/11/06)
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- ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS
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Disclosed herein are methods of preventing or treating inflammatory diseases using 3 - aminolactam compounds, each with aromatic "tail groups". Compounds as defined by formulae (I) and (I'), and the medical uses of the compounds, are described herein.
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-
Page/Page column 29-30
(2012/01/05)
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- MULTISUBSTITUTED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS AS INHIBITORS OF THROMBIN
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There are provided inter alia multisubstituted aromatic compounds useful for the inhibition of thrombin, which compounds include substituted pyrazolyl or substituted triazolyl. There are additionally provided pharmaceutical compositions. There are additionally provided methods of treating and preventing a disease or disorder, which disease or disorder is amenable to treatment or prevention by the inhibition of thrombin.
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Page/Page column 81-82
(2011/10/31)
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- Synthesis, antimicrobial and antimycobacterial evaluation of [2-(substituted phenyl)-imidazol-1-yl]-pyridin-3-yl-methanones
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A series of [2-(substituted phenyl)-imidazol-1-yl]-pyridin-3-yl-methanones (111) were synthesized and screened for their antimicrobial and antimycobacterial activities. Further, a series of [2-(substituted phenyl)-benzimidazol-1-yl]-pyridin-3-yl-methanones (1220) reported in our earlier study was also screened for their antimycobacterial activity. The antimycobacterial activity results indicated that [2-(4-Nitro-phenyl)-imidazol- 1-yl]-pyridin-3-yl-methanone (8, minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]=3.13 g) was equipotent as standard drug ciprofloxacin and [2-(4-Nitro-phenyl)- benzimidazol-1-yl]-pyridin-3-yl-methanone (16, MIC=1.56 g) was equipotent as standard drug ethambutol. The results of antimicrobial screening demonstrated that 2-[1-(Pyridine-3-carbonyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-benzoic acid (compound 11, MIC=0.002 g) was two times more effective than standard drug ciprofloxacin (MIC=0.004 g) against tested bacterial strains and [2-(2,5-Dimethyl-phenyl)- imidazol-1-yl]-pyridin-3-yl-methanone (compound 3, MIC=0.005 g) was equipotent to the reference compound, fluconazole against tested fungal strains.
- Narasimhan, Balasubramanian,Sharma, Deepika,Kumar, Pradeep,Yogeeswari, Perumal,Sriram, Dharmarajan
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scheme or table
p. 720 - 727
(2012/04/04)
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- Synthesis, antiplatelet aggregation activity, and molecular modeling study of novel substituted-piperazine analogues
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New carbamoylpyridine and carbamoylpiperidine analogues containing nipecotic acid scaffold were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their platelet aggregation inhibitory activity. Molecular modeling investigation was performed and the impact of lipophilicity on activity was also discussed. Structure activity relationship among this series was obtained. N 1-[1-(4-bromobenzyl)-3-piperidinocarbonyl]- N4-(2- chlorophenyl)-piperazine hydrobromide (20), and 1,4-bis-[3-[N 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-N1-(piperazinocarbonyl)]- piperidin-1-yl-methyl]-benzene dibromide (30) are the most active antiplatelet aggregating compounds in this study, both at concentration of 0.06 lM. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010.
- Youssef, Khairia M.,Al-Omar, Mohamed A.,El-Subbagh, Hussein I.,Abou-zeid, Laila A.,Abdel-Gader, Abdel-Galil M.,Haress, Abdel-Galil M.,Al-Tuwaijri, Ali S.
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experimental part
p. 898 - 911
(2012/05/20)
-
- NOVEL DIHYDROPYRIMIDIN-2(1H)-ONE COMPOUNDS AS S-NITROSOGLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention is directed to novel dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one compounds useful as S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of making and using the same.
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Page/Page column 153
(2011/04/24)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of dehydroabietic acid derivatives
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A series of C18-oxygenated derivatives of dehydroabietic acid were synthesized from commercial abietic acid and evaluated for their cytotoxic, antimycotic, and antiviral activities.
- Gonzalez, Miguel A.,Perez-Guaita, David,Correa-Royero, Julieth,Zapata, Bibiana,Agudelo, Lee,Mesa-Arango, Ana,Betancur-Galvis, Liliana
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experimental part
p. 811 - 816
(2010/04/26)
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- Pd0/PR3-catalyzed arylation of nicotinic and isonicotinic acid derivatives
-
(Chemical Eqation Presented) Good for your health: Intermolecular C-H functionalization of pyridine rings at the 3- and 4-positions is described using a Pd0/PR3/ArBr catalytic system. This reaction provides a powerful method for the preparation of structurally diverse nicotinic and isonicotinic acids that are of great importance in drug discovery.
- Wasa, Masayuki,Worrell, Brady T.,Yu, Jin-Quan
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1275 - 1277
(2010/05/02)
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- Chiral eighteen-component three-dimensional supramolecular entities stabilized by the hydrogen bonding and coordination interactions
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A new class of chiral eighteen-component three-dimensional supramolecular entities has been assembled in toluene and chloroform from twelve zinc porphyrin-appended 2-(ethylamino)- pyrimido[4,5-b][1,8]naphthyridin-4(3H)-one monomers and six chiral bipyridy
- Chen, Shi-Gui,Fu, Yong-Chun,Wang, Gui-Tao,Li, Guang-Yu,Ma, Yuguo,Jiang, Xi-Kui,Li, Zhan-Ting
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experimental part
p. 4057 - 4062
(2010/07/05)
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- Elaborate ligand-based pharmacophore exploration and QSAR analysis guide the synthesis of novel pyridinium-based potent β-secretase inhibitory leads
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β-Secretase (BACE) inhibitors have potential as anti-Alzheimer's disease treatments prompting us to explore the pharmacophoric space of 129 known BACE inhibitors. QSAR analysis was employed to select optimal combination of pharmacophoric models and 2D physicochemical descriptors capable of explaining bioactivity variation (r2 = 0.88, F = 60.48, rLOO2 = 0.85, rPRESS2 against 25 external test inhibitors = 0.71). We were obliged to use ligand efficiency as the response variable because the logarithmic transformation of bioactivities failed to access self-consistent QSAR models. Three pharmacophoric models emerged in the successful QSAR equation suggesting at least three binding modes accessible to ligands within BACE binding pocket. QSAR equation and pharmacophoric models were validated through ROC curves and were employed to guide synthesis of novel pyridinium-based BACE inhibitors. The best inhibitor illustrated an IC50 value of 1.0 μM against BACE.
- Al-Nadaf, Afaf,Sheikha, Ghassan Abu,Taha, Mutasem O.
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experimental part
p. 3088 - 3115
(2010/07/08)
-
- Sonogashira coupling reactions in biodegradable ionic liquids derived from nicotinic acid
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The biodegradable ionic liquids, 3-butoxycarbonyl-1-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imides (1a-d), have been evaluated as solvents for copper- and phosphine-free Sonogashira coupling reactions. The stability of these ionic liquids toward basic conditions was analysed in order to further probe their utility for transition metal catalyzed reactions which require the presence of a base.
- Harjani, Jitendra R.,Abraham, Theodore J.,Gomez, Alwyn T.,Garcia, M. Teresa,Singer, Robert D.,Scammells, Peter J.
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experimental part
p. 650 - 655
(2010/08/22)
-
- Synthesis and biological evaluation of some substituted amino thiazole derivatives
-
Condensation of acetophenone with thiourea in presence of halogen (Iodine) gives 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole (I). 2-Amino-4-phenyl-5-phenylazothizole (II) was prepared by coupling of phenyldiazonium chloride with 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole (I). A series of amide can be synthesized by treatment of appropriate substituted acid chlorides (III) with compound (II) using pyridine as solvent. All the synthesized compounds are characterized by the combination of elemental analysis and standard spectroscopic method. They are screened for anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as well as screened for antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Apergillus oryzae by cup plate method at 1μg/mL concentration in DMF. All the synthesized compounds showed moderate to good microbial activity.
- Prajapati,Modi, Vishal P.
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experimental part
p. 240 - 243
(2010/11/05)
-
- A SET OF GELDANAMYCIN DERIVATIVES AND THEIR PREPARATION METHODS
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A set of geldanamycin derivatives and their preparation methods. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the said compounds as an active ingredient which are used as antivirus and antitumor agents. The said derivatives are used in the manufacture of heat shock protein 90(Hsp 90) inhibiting agents which have the utility as antivirus and antitumor agents.
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Page/Page column 27
(2010/12/17)
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- Synthesis and antitubercular activities of substituted benzoic acid N′-(substituted benzylidene/furan-2-ylmethylene)-N-(pyridine-3-carbonyl)- hydrazides
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A series of benzoic acid hydrazones and its nicotinyl derivatives (1-10) were prepared and evaluated for their antitubercular activity towards a strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The structures of newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by infrared (IR) and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data and elemental analysis. The in vitro antitubercular activity of synthesized compounds against MTB was carried out in Middlebrook 7H11agar medium supplemented with OADC by agar dilution method. The antitubercular activity results indicated that nicotinic acid N-(3,5-dinitro-benzoyl)-N′-(4-methoxy-benzylidene)-hydrazide (1) is the most potent among the synthesized compounds with MIC of 3.5 × 10 -3 μM.
- Kumar, Pradeep,Narasimhan, Balasubramanian,Yogeeswari, Perumal,Sriram, Dharmarajan
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scheme or table
p. 6085 - 6089
(2011/01/12)
-