- Studies of reversible conjugate additions
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Benzalcyanoacetamides were designed and synthesized as reversible thiol conjugate addition acceptors. These thia-conjugate additions can rapidly and reversibly achieve equilibrium under aqueous conditions at neutral pH. Kinetic studies show that electron-withdrawing groups at the 4-position of the phenyl ring of the benzalcyanoacetamides promote the conjugate addition at equilibrium. Dynamic thiol exchange of these conjugate acceptors is faster than singly activated α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. These thia-conjugate additions can be assembled as potentially useful components in dynamic combinatorial chemistry. Benzalcyanoacetamides were studied with thiols as reversible thiol conjugate addition acceptors. These thia-conjugate additions can rapidly and reversibly achieve equilibrium under aqueous conditions at neutral pH, which verifies the ultimate use of these conjugate acceptors in dynamic combinatorial chemistry. Copyright
- Zhong, Ye,Xu, Yufang,Anslyn, Eric V.
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- Solid phase synthesis of bicyclic pyrrolidines
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The preparation of bicyclic pyrrolidines, stable and easy to isolate, is performed through both classical solution chemistry and on solid support. A new linker strategy is presented based on the concept of REM resin approach. Starting from a suitably derivatized Wang's resin, the linker can be REgenerated after cleavage of the product and functionalized to start a new synthetic cycle via a Michael reaction. In the present work a vinyl sulfone supported on a Wang's resin is able to undergo a Michael reaction with an amino acid derivative; the obtained adduct serves as a precursor for azomethine ylide generation, which is conveniently trapped with N-methyl-maleimide. The results are presented and discussed in the light of the experimental conditions applied as well as the method chosen for the cleavage of the product and resin regeneration.
- Quadrelli, Paolo
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- Discovery of 3,5-Dimethyl-4-Sulfonyl-1 H-Pyrrole-Based Myeloid Cell Leukemia 1 Inhibitors with High Affinity, Selectivity, and Oral Bioavailability
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Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) protein is a key negative regulator of apoptosis, and developing Mcl-1 inhibitors has been an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. Herein, we describe the rational design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship study of 3,5-dimethyl-4-sulfonyl-1H-pyrrole-based compounds as Mcl-1 inhibitors. Stepwise optimizations of hit compound 11 with primary Mcl-1 inhibition (52%@30 μM) led to the discovery of the most potent compound 40 with high affinity (Kd = 0.23 nM) and superior selectivity over other Bcl-2 family proteins (>40,000 folds). Mechanistic studies revealed that 40 could activate the apoptosis signal pathway in an Mcl-1-dependent manner. 40 exhibited favorable physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic profiles (F% = 41.3%). Furthermore, oral administration of 40 was well tolerated to effectively inhibit tumor growth (T/C = 37.3%) in MV4-11 xenograft models. Collectively, these findings implicate that compound 40 is a promising antitumor agent that deserves further preclinical evaluations.
- Zhu, Peng-Ju,Yu, Ze-Zhou,Lv, Yi-Fei,Zhao, Jing-Long,Tong, Yuan-Yuan,You, Qi-Dong,Jiang, Zheng-Yu
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p. 11330 - 11353
(2021/08/24)
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- Stabilizing p-Dithiobenzyl Urethane Linkers without Rate-Limiting Self-Immolation for Traceless Drug Release
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Exploiting the redox sensitivity of disulfide bonds is a prevalent strategy in targeted prodrug designs. In contrast to aliphatic disulfides, p-thiobenzyl-based disulfides have rarely been used for prodrug designs, given their intrinsic instability caused by the low pKa of aromatic thiols. Here, we examined the interplay between steric hindrance and the low-pKa effect on thiol–disulfide exchange reactions and uncovered a new thiol–disulfide exchange process for the self-immolation of p-thiobenzyl-based disulfides. We observed a central leaving group shifting effect in the α,α-dimethyl-substituted p-dithiobenzyl urethane linkers (DMTB linkers), which leads to increased disulfide stability by more than two orders of magnitude, an extent that is significantly greater than that observed with typical aliphatic disulfides. In particular, the DMTB linkers display not only high stability, but also rapid self-immolation kinetics due to the low pKa of the aromatic thiol, which can be used as a general and robust linkage between targeting reagents and cytotoxic drugs for targeted prodrug designs. The unique and promising stability characteristics of the present DMTB linker will likely inspire the development of novel targeted prodrugs to achieve traceless release of drugs into cells.
- Zheng, Yiwu,Shen, Yang,Meng, Xiaoting,Wu, Yaqi,Zhao, Yibing,Wu, Chuanliu
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p. 1196 - 1203
(2019/05/28)
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- Method for synthesizing benzoic acid compound from benzyl alcohol compound by ultrasonic-assisted oxidation
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The invention belongs to the field of synthesis of organic intermediates, and specifically discloses an ultrasonic-assisted synthesis method for a benzoic acid compound. The method comprises the following step: promoting air oxidation of benzyl alcohol by using diethylene glycol dimethyl ether under an ultrasonic-assisted action so as to obtain the benzoic acid compound, wherein a benzyl alcohol raw material is benzyl alcohol, or a benzoic acid derivative containing one to five substituents at different positions on the benzene ring of benzyl alcohol; and a reaction accelerator is the diethylene glycol dimethyl ether. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of easily-available raw materials, simple and convenient reaction conditions, short reaction time, greenness, energy conservation, high reaction selectivity and yield, excellent compatibility of substrate functional groups, and high application value.
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Paragraph 0136; 0137
(2018/09/29)
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- Bis(methoxypropyl) ether-promoted oxidation of aromatic alcohols into aromatic carboxylic acids and aromatic ketones with O2 under metal- and base-free conditions
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We describe an eco-friendly, practical and operationally simple procedure for the bis(methoxypropyl) ether-promoted oxidation of aromatic alcohols into aromatic carboxylic acids and aromatic ketones with atmospheric dioxygen as the sole oxidant. This chemical process is clean with high conversion and good selectivity, and an external initiator, catalyst, additive and base are not required. The virtue of this reaction is highlighted by its easily available and economical raw materials and excellent functional group tolerance (acid-, base- and oxidant-labile groups).
- Liu, Kai-Jian,Jiang, Si,Lu, Ling-Hui,Tang, Ling-Li,Tang, Shan-Shan,Tang, Hai-Shan,Tang, Zilong,He, Wei-Min,Xu, Xinhua
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supporting information
p. 3038 - 3043
(2018/07/13)
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- Preparation method for synthesizing thiophenol compound based on sodium sulfide nonahydrate
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The invention provides a preparation method for synthesizing a thiophenol compound based on sodium sulfide nonahydrate. In an inert gas protective atmosphere, substituted iodobenzene and a sulfhydrylation reagent are added into an aprotic polar solvent, then a copper salt catalyst and a ligand compound are orderly added into the solution, the mixed solution undergoes a reaction at a temperature of 90 to 120 DEG C for 12-24h, and the reaction solution is cooled to the room temperature and is acidized so that the product is obtained. The preparation method has the advantages of simple reaction conditions, good compatibility of functional groups, high yield and small environmental pollution. Thiophenol is an important intermediate for pharmaceutical chemical synthesis and has a very wide application range in fields of chemical raw materials, pesticides and medicines. The preparation method has a great use value and good social and economic benefits.
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Paragraph 0037; 0038
(2017/08/30)
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- Copper-Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Aryl Thiols from Aryl Iodides Using Sodium Sulfide Aided by Catalytic 1,2-Ethanedithiol
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A copper-catalyzed direct and effective synthesis of aryl thiols from aryl iodides using readily available Na 2 S·9H 2 O and 1,2-ethanedithiol was described. A variety of aryl thiols were readily obtained in yields of 76-99%. In this protocol, Na 2 S·9H 2 O was used as ultimate sulfur source, and 1,2-ethanedithiol functioned as an indispensable catalytic reagent.
- Xue, Hongyu,Jing, Bing,Liu, Shasha,Chae, Junghyun,Liu, Yajun
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p. 2272 - 2276
(2017/10/06)
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- SINGLE-STEP SYNTHESIS METHOD OF ARYL THIOL AND APPLICATION THEREOF
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The present invention relates to a single-step synthesis method of aryl thiol, and more specifically, to a method of synthesizing aryl thiol in a single-step by making aryl halide react with alkane dithiol in the presence of a transition metal catalyst. According to the present invention, a single-step synthesis method using the transition metal catalyst, the synthesis method which is capable of synthesizing aryl thiol from aryl halide at a high yield, can be provided. Various aryl halides may be applied to the synthesis method. Further, the synthesis method has advantages that an easily usable reagent may be used, operations are simple, and reactions can be performed under mild conditions. In addition, the synthesized aryl thiol may be used in the synthesis of advanced molecules such as diaryl sulfides and benzothiophenes.COPYRIGHT KIPO 2017
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Paragraph 0032; 0033; 0063; 0067; 0069; 0070
(2017/09/02)
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- Copper(II)-Catalyzed Single-Step Synthesis of Aryl Thiols from Aryl Halides and 1,2-Ethanedithiol
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A highly efficient transition metal-catalyzed single-step synthesis of aryl thiols from aryl halides has been developed employing copper(II) catalyst and 1,2-ethanedithiol. The key features are use of readily available reagents, a simple operation, and relatively mild reaction conditions. This new protocol shows a broad substrate scope with excellent functional group compatibility. A variety of aryl thiols are directly prepared from aryl halides in high yields. Furthermore, the aryl thiols are used in situ for the synthesis of more advanced molecules such as diaryl sulfides and benzothiophenes.
- Liu, Yajun,Kim, Jihye,Seo, Heesun,Park, Sunghyouk,Chae, Junghyun
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supporting information
p. 2205 - 2212
(2015/07/27)
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- Electrophilicity and nucleophilicity of commonly used aldehydes
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The present approach for determining the electrophilicity (E) and nucleophilicity (N) of aldehydes includes a kinetic study of KMNO4 oxidation and NaBH4 reduction of aldehydes. A transition state analysis of the KMNO4 promoted aldehyde oxidation reaction has been performed, which shows a very good correlation with experimental results. The validity of the experimental method has been tested using the experimental activation parameters of the two reactions. The utility of the present approach is further demonstrated by the theoretical versus experimental relationship, which provides easy access to E and N values for various aldehydes and offers an at-a-glance assessment of the chemical reactivity of aldehydes in various reactions. the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Pratihar, Sanjay
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p. 5781 - 5788
(2014/07/22)
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- CuI-nanoparticles-catalyzed selective synthesis of phenols, anilines, and thiophenols from aryl halides in aqueous solution
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CuI-nanoparticles-catalyzed selective synthesis of phenols, anilines, and thiophenols from aryl halides was developed in the absence of both ligands and organic solvents. Anilines were formed selectively with ammonia competing with hydroxylation and thiophenols were generated selectively with sulfur powder after subsequent reduction competing with hydroxylation and amination.
- Xu, Hua-Jian,Liang, Yu-Feng,Cai, Zhen-Ya,Qi, Hong-Xia,Yang, Chun-Yan,Feng, Yi-Si
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experimental part
p. 2296 - 2300
(2011/06/17)
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- Copper-catalyzed coupling of thiourea with aryl iodides: The direct synthesis of aryl thiols
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A general, economical and efficient protocol for the direct copper-catalyzed coupling of thiourea with aryl iodides is developed and it will be potentially applied in large-scale industry as a preferred process.
- Qiao, Shu,Xie, Kun,Qi, Junsheng
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scheme or table
p. 1441 - 1443
(2011/01/04)
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- A general and efficient approach to aryl thiols: Cul-catalyzed coupling of aryl iodides with sulfur and subsequent reduction
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A Cul-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl iodides and sulfur powder takes place in the presence of K2CO3 at 90 °C. The coupling mixture is directly treated with NaBH4 or triphenylphosphine to afford aryl thiols in good to
- Jiang, Yongwen,Qin, Yuxia,Xie, Siwei,Zhang, Xiaojing,Dong, Jinhua,Ma, Dawei
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supporting information; scheme or table
p. 5250 - 5253
(2009/12/28)
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- Identification of 2-amino-5-(thioaryl)thiazoles as inhibitors of nerve growth factor receptor TrkA
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2-Amino-5-(thioaryl)thiazoles are potent inhibitors of TrkA (e.g., 20h, TrkA IC50 = 0.6 nM) that show anti-proliferative effect in cellular assays. A proposed inhibitor binding mode to TrkA active site is consistent with key SAR observations.
- Kim, Soong-Hoon,Tokarski, John S.,Leavitt, Kenneth J.,Fink, Brian E.,Salvati, Mark E.,Moquin, Robert,Obermeier, Mary T.,Trainor, George L.,Vite, Gregory G.,Stadnick, Linda K.,Lippy, Jonathan S.,You, Dan,Lorenzi, Matthew V.,Chen, Ping
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p. 634 - 639
(2008/09/18)
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- Highly chemoselective methylation and esterification reactions with dimethyl carbonate in the presence of NaY faujasite. The case of mercaptophenols, mercaptobenzoic acids, and carboxylic acids bearing OH substituents
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In the presence of NaY faujasite, the reactions of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with several ambident nucleophiles such as o- and p-mercaptophenols (1a,b), o- and p-mercaptobenzoic acids (2a,b), o- and p-hydroxybenzoic acids (3a,b), mandelic and phenyllactic acids (4, 5), have been explored under batch conditions. Highly chemoselective reactions can be performed: at 150 °C, compounds 1 and 2 undergo only a S-methylation reaction, without affecting OH and CO2H groups; at 165 °C, acids 3-5 form the corresponding methyl esters, while both their aromatic and aliphatic OH substituents are fully preserved from methylation and/or transesterification processes. Typical selectivities are of 90-98% and isolated yields of products (S-methyl derivatives and methyl esters, respectively) are in the range of 85-96%. A comparative study with K2CO3 as a catalyst is also reported. Although the base (K2CO3) turns out to be more active than the zeolite, the chemoselectivity is elusive: compounds 2a,b undergo simultaneous S-methylation and esterification reactions, and acids 3-5 yield complex mixtures of products of O-methylation, O-methoxycarbonylation, and esterification of their OH and CO2H groups, respectively. Overall, the combined use of a nontoxic reagent/solvent (DMC) and a safe promoter (NaY) imparts a genuine ecofriendly nature to the investigated synthesis.
- Selva, Maurizio,Tundo, Pietro
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p. 1464 - 1470
(2007/10/03)
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- Effects of aromatic thiols on thiol-disulfide interchange reactions that occur during protein folding
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The folding of disulfide containing proteins from denatured protein to native protein involves numerous thiol-disulfide interchange reactions. Many of these reactions include a redox buffer, which is a mixture of a thiol (RSH) and the corresponding disulfide (RSSR). The relationship between the structure of RSH and its efficacy in folding proteins in vitro has been investigated only to a limited extent. Reported herein are the effects of aliphatic and especially aromatic thiols on reactions that occur during protein folding. Aromatic thiols may be particularly efficacious as their thiol pKa values and reactivities match those of the in vivo catalyst, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). This investigation correlates the thiol pKa values of aromatic thiols with their reactivities toward small molecule disulfides and the protein insulin. The thiol pKa values of nine para-substituted aromatic thiols were measured; a Hammett plot constructed using σp- values yielded ρ = -1.6 ± 0.1. The reactivities of aromatic and aliphatic thiols with 2-pyridyldithioethanol (2-PDE), a small molecule disulfide, were determined. A plot of reactivity versus pKa of the aromatic thiols had a slope (β) of 0.9. The ability of these thiols to reduce (unfold) the protein insulin correlates strongly with their ability to reduce 2-PDE. Since the reduction of protein disulfides occurs during protein folding to remove mismatched disulfides, aromatic thiols with high pKa values are expected to increase the rate not only of protein unfolding but protein folding as well.
- DeCollo,Lees
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p. 4244 - 4249
(2007/10/03)
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- Mild, selective deprotection of thioacetates using sodium thiomethoxide
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A mild method for the deprotection of thioacetates is described. The reaction can be conveniently carried out at room temperature, and is compatible with a wide range of functionality. The procedure was shown to chemoselectively remove a thioacetate in the presence of an acetate.
- Wallace, Owen B.,Springer, Dane M.
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p. 2693 - 2694
(2007/10/03)
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- Leukotriene antagonists
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Leukotriene antagonists are disclosed comprising compounds having the general formula represented by the formula shown below, esters, amides and physio-logically acceptable salts thereof. These compounds retain the natural 5(S) 6(R) configuration, the 5-hydroxyl group and the natural unsaturated tail with the peptide replaced by a substituted aromatic nucleus linked via a sulfur or oxygen substituent linking a substituent to the 6 position.
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- Synthesis of Tetranuclear Iron-Sulphur Protein Analogues with Tetrathiol Ligands attached to Macrocycles which provide Intramolecular Hydrophobic Domains
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A new type of active-site analogues for 4Fe-4S iron-sulphur proteins is introduced, where the active site core is surrounded by an intramolecular hydrophobic domain formed by a 36-membered ring consisting of a methylene backbone.An efficient synthesis of the macrocyclic ligands 1,10,19,28-tetra(4-mercaptobenzoyl)-1,10,19,28-tetra-azacyclohexatriacontane and 1,10,19,28--1,10,19,28-tetra-azacyclohexatriacontane and 1,10,19,28-tetra-(3-mercapto-3-methylbutanoyl)-1,10,19,28-tetra-azacyclohexatriacontane is described.Their reaction with t)4>2- afforded novel clusters in good yields (70 - 90percent) as black powders with m.p. > 300 deg C.They dissolve in dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulphoxide, and propylene carbonate.Complex formation with Fe4S4 clusters was mainly demonstrated by u.v.-visible and n.m.r. studies and the properties of the new clusters are discussed.
- Okuno, Hiroaki (Yohmei),Uoto, Kouichi,Tomohiro, Takenori,Youinou, Marie-Therese
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p. 3375 - 3381
(2007/10/02)
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- 4-oxo-benzopyran carboxylic acids
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Compounds of the Formula I: STR1 and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are leukotriene antagonists. These compounds inhibit SRS-A and leukotriene synthesis and are antagonists of SRS-A and are thus useful in the treatment of asthma, allergic disorders, inflammation, skin diseases and certain cardiovascular disorders.
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- Syntheses of Mercaptobenzoic Acids and Mercaptopyridines Using Elemental Sulfur in the Presence of NaOH-KOH
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Mercaptobenzoic acids and mercaptopyridines were synthesized by using mercaptylation of halogeno compounds with elemental sulfur in the presence of molten salts (NaOH-KOH).This procedure was also applied to the preparation of selenoaryl compounds by using elemental selenium.Based on the behavior of the molten salts and sulfur, Na2S and K2S were considered to be the active species for the mercaptylation.KEYWORDS-mercaptylation; molten salt; o-mercaptobenzoic acid; o-selenobenzoic acid; 2-mercaptopyridine
- Kamiyama, Tsutomu,Enomoto, Saburo,Inoue, Masami
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p. 5184 - 5189
(2007/10/02)
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