- Modular Combination of Enzymatic Halogenation of Tryptophan with Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions
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The combination of the biocatalytic halogenation of l-tryptophan with subsequent chemocatalytic Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions leads to the modular synthesis of an array of C5, C6, or C7 aryl-substituted tryptophan derivatives. In a three-step one-pot reaction, the bromo substituent is initially incorporated regioselectively by immobilized tryptophan 5-, 6-, or 7-halogenases, respectively, with concomitant cofactor regeneration. The halogenation proceeds in aqueous media at room temperature in the presence of NaBr and O2. After the separation of the biocatalyst by filtration, a Pd catalyst, base, and boronic acid are added to the aryl halide formed in situ to effect direct Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions followed by tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) protection. After a single purification step, different Boc-protected aryl tryptophan derivatives are obtained that can, for example, be used for peptide or peptidomimetic synthesis. Putting the pieces together: By combining the enzymatic halogenation of l-tryptophan using flavin adenine dinucleotide dependent halogenases with Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions in water, the C5-, C6-, or C7-position of the indole ring can be brominated regioselectively in situ and functionalized chemocatalytically in a stepwise one-pot reaction.
- Frese, Marcel,Schnepel, Christian,Minges, Hannah,Vo?, Hauke,Feiner, Rebecca,Sewald, Norbert
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p. 1799 - 1803
(2016/06/01)
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- Development of fluorescent aryltryptophans by Pd mediated cross-coupling of unprotected halotryptophans in water
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A convenient and high yielding procedure for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of unprotected bromo- and chlorotryptophans in water provides fluorescent aryltryptophans. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Roy, Abhijeet Deb,Goss, Rebecca J. M.,Wagner, Gerd K.,Winn, Michael
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4831 - 4833
(2009/03/12)
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