- Reaction enthalpies for M+L = M+ + L, where M+ = Na+ and K+ and L = acetamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, glycine, and glycylglycine, from determinations of the collision-induced dissociation thresholds
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With electrospray (ES), ions present in solution can be transferred to the gas phase. The method provides unique opportunities for studies of hitherto inaccessible ions. Collision-induced dissociation threshold measurements of gas phase ions produced by ES are described. The thresholds for the reactions M+L = M+ + L, where M+ is Na+ or K+ and L is acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, glycine, glycinamide, succinamide, and glycylglycine, were determined. Enthalpy changes for the reaction were derived from these data.
- Klassen, John S.,Anderson, Stephen G.,Blades, Arthur T.,Kebarle, Paul
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Read Online
- A facile hydration of nitriles into amides by Al2O3/MeSO3H (AMA)
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A new and practical method for the conversion of nitriles to amides by employing the A12O3/MeSO3H (AMA) is described.
- Sharghi, Hashem,Sarvari, Mona Hosseini
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Read Online
- Transfer Hydration of Dinitriles to Dicarboxamides
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We present a robust method for double transfer hydration of dinitriles to afford diamides. The transfer hydration of 1, n -dinitriles (n = 1-6) proceeds smoothly in the presence of a palladium(II) catalyst with acetamide as a water donor, affording the corresponding diamides in moderate to high yields, without involving significant side reactions such as monohydration or cyclization. The equilibrium was shifted in the forward direction by removing coproduced acetonitrile under reduced pressure.
- Naka, Hiroshi,Naraoka, Asuka
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supporting information
p. 1977 - 1980
(2019/10/22)
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- Mild and selective heterogeneous catalytic hydration of nitriles to amides by flowing through manganese dioxide
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A sustainable flow chemistry process for the hydration of nitriles, whereby an aqueous solution of the nitrile is passed through a column containing commercially available amorphous manganese dioxide, has been developed. The product is obtained simply by concentration of the output stream without any other workup steps. The protocol described is rapid, robust, reliable, and scalable, and it has been applied to a broad range of substrates, showing a high level of chemical tolerance.
- Battilocchio, Claudio,Hawkins, Joel M.,Ley, Steven V.
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supporting information
p. 1060 - 1063
(2016/10/17)
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- METHOD FOR MAKING COMPLEMENTARY OLIGONUCLEOTIDE TAG SETS
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The invention provides a method of synthesizing a repertoire of oligonucleotide tags comprising the steps of synthesizing a repertoire of oligonucleotide tag complements on one or more solid phase supports, cleaving a fraction of the oligonucleotide tag complements from the support(s), and inserting the cleaved tag complements into a cloning vector, as depicted in the figure. The cloned tag complements can conventionally be conjugated to selected polynucleotides to produce tagged polynucleotides having unique tag sequences which can be captured and sorted by hybridization to corresponding tag complements. Also provided are various reagents and components that are used or produced in the method.
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- PROCESS FOR PRODUCING N-METHYL SUCCINIMIDE
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The invention includes methods of processing an initial di-carbonyl compound by conversion to a cyclic compound. The cyclic compound is reacted with an alkyating agent to form a derivative having an alkylated ring nitrogen. The invention encompasses a method of producing an N-alkyl product. Amonia content of a solution is adjusted to produce a ratio of ammonia to di-carboxylate compound of from about 1:1 to about 1.5:1. An alkylating agent is added and the initial compound is alkylated and cyclized. The invention includes methods of making N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP). Aqueous ammonia and succinate is introduced into a vessel and ammonia is adjusted to provide a ratio of ammonia to succinate of less than 2:1. A methylating agent is reacted with succinate at a temperature of from greater than 100 °C to about 400 °C to produce N-methyl succinimide which is purified and hydrogenated to form NMP.
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- Lactams substituted by cyclic succinates as inhibitors of a beta protein production
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This invention relates to novel lactams having the Formula (I): to their pharmaceutical compositions and to their methods of use. These novel compounds inhibit the processing of amyloid precursor protein and, more specifically, inhibit the production of Aβ-peptide, thereby acting to prevent the formation of neurological deposits of amyloid protein. More particularly, the present invention relates to the treatment of neurological disorders related to β-amyloid production such as Alzheimer's disease and Down's Syndrome.
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- Syntheses for preparing 1,4-diketopyrrolo [3,4-c]pyrroles
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A synthesis for preparing asymmetrical 1,4-diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrroles involving: (a) reacting a β-ketoamide with a strong base; (b) halogenating the same or a different β-ketoamide; (c) reacting the reaction products of step (a) and (b) to form a succinamide; and (d) heating the succinamide in the presence of a Lewis Acid. Symmetrical 1,4-diketopyrrolo [3,4-c]pyrroles are synthesized by oxidatively dimerizing the reaction product of step (b) to form a succinamide; and heating the succinamide in the presence of a Lewis Acid.
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- Method for treating neurological disorders
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Treatment or the prevention of neurological disorders in a warm-blooded mammal, by use of a compound of formula VIII wherein A, B, R2, R3, R4, R5, R8, R9and n are as defined in the specification, or pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, prodrugs or solvates thereof. Processes for the preparation of compounds of Formula VIII are described, as are pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
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- RETROVIRAL PROTEASE INHIBITORS
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Urea-containing hydroxyethylamine peptide compounds are effective as retroviral protease inhibitors, and in particular as inhibitors of HIV protease.
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- CYCLIC HYDROCARBONS WITH AN AMINOALKYL SIDECHAIN
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Provided are cyclic hydrocarbons of Formula I with an aminoalkyl sidechain that are useful for treating phospholipase A2 mediated conditions, diabetes, and obesity.
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- STUDY OF THE REACTIVITY OF AMMONIUM CARBOXYLATES IN THE SYNTHESIS OF AMIDES UNDER HIGH-PRESSURE DEFORMATION CONDITIONS
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On deformation under pressures up to 10 GPa the ammonium salts of aliphatic and aromatic acids, as well as mixtures of a free carboxylic acid with the ammonium salts of strong mineral acids, are converted into the corresponding amides.The amide yields increase with pressure, the magnitude of shearing deformation, and temperature.The temperature and pressure coefficients for amide formation are low and have values of 2.5-4 kJ/mole and -1 to -2 cm3/mole, respectively.The reactivity of ammonium salts in the synthesis of amides alternates in the homologous series of aliphatic acids in a similar way to the shear stress of these salts.The reactivity of the ammonium salts of aliphatic acids increases when the reaction is conducted in a matrix of an ammonium salt which possesses plasticity and a high shear stress.
- Christotina, N. P.,Zharov, A. A.
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p. 2103 - 2106
(2007/10/02)
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- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Detected Nuclear Resonance of Transient Radicals
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Nuclear resonances in transient radicals produced in liquids by pulse radiolysis have been detected by using NMR of their reaction products.The NMR intensities are affected by application of rf corresponding to nuclear resonances of the radical intermediates.NMR-detected nuclear resonance (NMR-NR) spectra for several chemical systems are presented.Information from these spectra about relative populations of the radical magnetic energy levels is explained with the radical pair theory of chemically induced magnetic polarization, both electron (CIDEP) and nuclear (CIDNP).For some systems, weak lines in the NMR-NR spectra have been assigned as due to double quantum transitions between energy levels differing by two in nuclear spin quantum number.
- Nuttali, R. H. D.,Trifunac, A. D.
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p. 3963 - 3969
(2007/10/02)
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