- Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of oleic acid to octadecanol over magnetic recoverable cobalt catalysts
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Efficient transformation of biomass into fuel and chemicals under mild conditions with cost-effective and environmentally friendly characters is highly desirable but still challenging. Herein, a scalable and Earth-abundant cobalt catalyst was used for selective catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of unsaturated fatty acids to fatty alcohols with sustainable isopropanol as a hydrogen donor. By tuning the surface Co composition by varying the reduction temperature, the catalytic performance could be easily boosted. At 200 °C in 4 h, the optimal catalyst Co-350 (reduced at 350 °C) gives 100% oleic acid conversion with 91.9% octadecanol selectivity. Various characterization studies reveal that the co-existence of Coδ+ and Co0 over the cobalt core might be responsible for its high performance for CTH of oleic acid. This catalyst could be magnetically separated and is highly stable for reusing ten times. Moreover, this cobalt catalyst is relatively cheap and easy to scale-up, thus achieving a low-cost transformation of biomass into high value-added chemicals.
- Wang, Juncheng,Nie, Renfeng,Xu, Ling,Lyu, Xilei,Lu, Xiuyang
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supporting information
p. 314 - 320
(2019/01/28)
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- Efficient microwave-assisted esterification reaction employing methanesulfonic acid supported on alumina as catalyst
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A rapid and efficient protocol assisted by microwave irradiation for the synthesis of esters using methanesulfonic acid (CH3SO3H) supported on Al2O3 (AMA) as catalyst and free of solvent is described. The products were obtained in good yields and purity, with reduced reaction time, and the process is simple and environmentally benign. Copyright
- Fabian, Lucas,Gomez, Matias,Kuran, Juan A. Caturelli,Moltrasio, Graciela,Moglioni, Albertina
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p. 2386 - 2392
(2014/07/22)
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- Novel H3PW12O40: Catalysed esterification reactions of fatty acids at room temperature for biodiesel production
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The catalytic activity of Bronsted acids on fatty acid (FA) esterification at room temperature has been investigated. Noticeably, the H 3PW12O40 heteropolyacid (HPW) showed a very high activity than other catalysts herein evaluated, i.e. p-toluene sulfonic acid and sulfuric acid. High yields in ethyl esters (ca. 90%) were reached after a 4 h reaction at 25 °C on a HPW catalysed reactions. Despite the fact that HPW catalyst was used in a homogeneous phase, it could be efficiently recovered and reused through out a simple recycling protocol, without any activity loss. The effects of alcohol and the FA nature on yield reaction were also investigated.
- De Godoi Silva, Vinicius Wilker,Laier, Leticia Oliveira,Silva, Marcio Jose Da
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experimental part
p. 207 - 211
(2010/08/03)
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- Synthesis and evaluation of different fatty acid esters formulated into Precirol ATO-based lipid nanoparticles as vehicles for topical delivery
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A series of isopropyl fatty esters having different chain length (C 13-C23) were synthesized and formulated in lipid nanoparticles based on Precirol ATO to evaluate their effect on the physicochemical properties of these latter. Moreover, drug loading and skin permeation of Econazole nitrate, chosen as a lipophilic model drug, were evaluated as well. The obtained nanosystems, prepared by high shear homogenization method, had a mean diameter ranging from 180 to 280 nm and showed an encapsulation efficiency of about 100%. Ex vivo permeation results demonstrated a parabolic correlation between permeation effect and chain length of the fatty esters present in the lipid nanoparticles formulated in hydrophilic gels. The maximum flux of drug was observed for the nanoparticles containing esters with 17 and 19 carbon atoms, suggesting that these formulations may constitute a potential carrier for topical delivery of econazole nitrate.
- Sanna, Vanna,Mariani, Alberto,Caria, Giuseppe,Sechi, Mario
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experimental part
p. 680 - 684
(2009/12/26)
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- An eco-friendly method for the synthesis of aryl and alkyl esters of carboxylic acids using acid activated Indian bentonite
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Esterification of various carboxylic acids with phenol and alcohols has been achieved using acid activated Indian bentonite (AAIB) as catalyst. The catalyst is versatile, and the reaction is found to work well for primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols. The yields are very good under specific reaction conditions.
- Vijayakumar,Iyengar, Pushpa,Nagendrappa, Gopalpur,Prakash, B. S. Jai
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p. 922 - 925
(2007/10/03)
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- Na2CO3/SOCl2: A mild and convenient reagent for the preparation of isopropyl carboxylates
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Na2CO3/SOCl2 has been used for esterification of aliphatic and aromatic acids with isopropanol. This esterification method is compatible with a wide assortment of functional groups.
- Kazemi, Foad,Kiasat, Ali Reza,Mombaini, Began
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p. 1187 - 1191
(2007/10/03)
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- Silica Chloride: A Versatile Heterogeneous Catalyst for Esterification and Transesterification
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Silica chloride has been found to be an efficient catalyst for esterification of carboxylic acids (aliphatic, aromatic and conjugated) with alcohols (primary, secondary and tertiary) as well as for transesterification of esters (by both alcoholysis and acidolysis).
- Srinivas,Mahender,Das, Biswanath
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p. 2479 - 2482
(2007/10/03)
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- A highly convenient, efficient, and selective process for preparation of esters and amides from carboxylic acids using Fe3+-K-10 montmorillonite clay
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In the presence of Fe3+-K-10 montmorillonite clay as a catalyst, aliphatic carboxylic acids selectively produced the corresponding esters in the presence of aromatic carboxylic acids by treatment with alcohols. Both the aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids formed the amides by reacting with the aliphatic amines, but only the aliphatic carboxylic acids yielded the anilides by treatment with aromatic amines. The catalyst is recoverable and recyclable.
- Srinivas,Das, Biswanath
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p. 1165 - 1167
(2007/10/03)
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- A mild and efficient method for esterification and transesterification catalyzed by iodine
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Iodine, was found to be a practical and useful Lewis acid catalyst for the esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols. The high catalytic activity of iodine can be used for the transesterification of esters by different alcohols including tertiary alcohols and sterically hindered primary and secondary alcohols. The method presented is especially effective for simultaneous esterification and transesterification reactions.
- Ramalinga,Vijayalakshmi,Kaimal
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p. 879 - 882
(2007/10/03)
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- An efficient and selective conversion of hydrazides into esters and acids
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Hydrazides are selectively oxidised to esters/acids in high yields using Oxone in the presence of an appropriate alcohol/water as a nucleophile at ambient temperature. A variety of functional groups including alkenes, alcohols, ethers, cyclopropyl groups and nitriles are unaffected.
- Srinivas,Subba Reddy,Yadav,Ramalingam
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p. 376 - 377
(2007/10/03)
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- Esterification de l'acide stearique catalysee par les titanates greffes
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The esterification of stearic acid using titanates fixed on alumina or silica as catalysts has been studied.The anchoring of titanium, obtained by action of CH3Ti(OR)3 with the acid sites of the support, has been studied using different contact times and different concentrations.The heterogeneized catalyst leads to a better efficacity than the homogeneous system.The activity of the catalyst is strongly increased by using crushed solid instead of balls.The catalyst has been recovered and recycled.The stability of the (M)-Ti(OR)3 bond (with M = Al2O3 or SiO2) has been shown by kinetic measures and exchange reactions of the alcoxy groups fixed on titanium with heavy alcohol.
- Blandy, Claudine,Pellegatta, Jean-Louis,Choukroun, Robert,Gilot, Bernard,Guiraud, Roland
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