Investigations of the reactions of monochloramine and dichloramine with selected phenols: Examination of humic acid models and water contaminants
The phenols are an important area of investigation because they are substituents in the humic acids and are common contaminants in water. The reactivities and orientations of two common phenols (phenol and m-cresol), and some of their chlorinated intermediates with aqueous monochloroamine and dichloroamine were presented. m-Cresol was more reactive than phenol with both chlorinating agents. NH2Cl and NHCl2 showed extensive reactivity toward the phenols, even the partially chlorinated less reactive intermediates would be expected to fully chlorinate the activated positions in phenolic substituents in the humic acids.
Heasley, Victor L.,Fisher, Audra M.,Herman, Erica E.,Jacobsen, Faith E.,Miller, Evan W.,Ramirez, Ashley M.,Royer, Nicole R.,Whisenand, Josh M.,Zoetewey, David L.,Shellhamer, Dale F.
p. 5022 - 5029
(2008/04/18)
Highly Selective Aromatic Chlorinations. Part 2. The Chlorination of Substituted Phenols, Anisoles, Anilines, and Related Compounds with N-Chloroamines in Acidic Solution
Phenols, anisoles, anilines, and related compounds are chlorinated in trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature by N-chlorodialkylamines and N-chlorotrialkylammonium salts.With monsubstituted compounds and their 2- and 3-substituted derivatives the reaction occurs efficiently and selectively at the 4-position.The reactivity of these substrates and the selectivity of their chlorinations are determined by electronic rather than steric effects of the substituent.Blocking the reaction with a substituent at the 4-position generally leads to only poor or moderate yields of the 2-chlorinated product.Evidence for radical and cation radical intermediates has been obtained in the reactions of some of the 4-substituted reactants and the mechanism of chlorination is discussed in the light of these findings.The reactions of selected substrates have been scaled up to give laboratory syntheses.
Smith, John R. Lindsay,McKeer, Linda C.,Taylor, Jonathan M.
p. 385 - 392
(2007/10/02)
HIGH SITE-SELECTIVITY IN THE CHLORINATION OF ELECTRON-RICH AROMATIC COMPOUNDS BY N-CHLORAMMONIUM SALTS.
N-Chlorammonium salts are efficient and very site-selective monochlorinating agents for electron-rich aromatic compounds.
Smith, John R. Lindsay,McKeer, Linda C.
p. 3117 - 3120
(2007/10/02)
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