- Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of Tertiary Carbon Centers Featuring an α-Difluoromethyl Group with CF2H-CH2-NH2as the "building Block"
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We report here for the first time a novel difluoromethylated ketimine building block condensed by thioisatin and difluoroethylamine, offering efficient access to a broad range of enantioenriched products bearing difluoroethylamine units (27 examples, ≤98% yield, >99% ee) in the presence of quinine-derived squaramide. Further transformation of the intermediate would generate a variety of versatile functional blocks like α-difluoromethyl amines, β-amino acid, and β-diamine with retention of the enantiomeric excess at the difluoromethyl-bound carbon.
- Gao, Fengyun,Guo, Yifei,Sun, Mengmeng,Wang, Yalan,Yang, Changyan,Wang, Yuqiang,Wang, Kairong,Yan, Wenjin
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supporting information
p. 2584 - 2589
(2021/04/13)
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- Exploiting the chiral ligands of bis(Imidazolinyl)-and bis(oxazolinyl)thiophenes—Synthesis and application in Cu-catalyzed friedel–crafts asymmetric alkylation
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Five new C2-symmetric chiral ligands of 2,5-bis(imidazolinyl)thiophene (L1–L3) and 2,5-bis(oxazolinyl)thiophene (L4 and L5) were synthesized from thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (1) with enantiopure amino alcohols (4a–c) in excellent optical purity and chemical yield. The util-ity of these new chiral ligands for Friedel–Crafts asymmetric alkylation was explored. Subse-quently, the optimized tridentate ligand L5 and Cu(OTf)2 catalyst (15 mol%) in toluene for 48 h promoted Friedel–Crafts asymmetric alkylation in moderate to good yields (up to 76%) and with good enantioselectivity (up to 81% ee). The bis(oxazolinyl)thiophene ligands were more potent than bis(imidazolinyl)thiophene analogues for the asymmetric induction of the Friedel–Crafts asymmetric alkylation.
- Al-Majid, Abdullah Mohammed,Alammari, Abdullah Saleh,Alshahrani, Saeed,Barakat, Assem,Haukka, Matti,Islam, Mohammad Shahidul
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- Preparation method of beta-trans-nitroolefin
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The invention relates to a preparation method of beta-trans-nitroolefin. The method comprises: sequentially adding an olefin compound, a nitration reagent and a solvent into a reaction container, mixing the substances uniformly, and carrying out constant temperature reaction for 18h under an illumination condition to obtain a reaction solution; and sequentially carrying out drying, concentration and column chromatography treatment on the reaction solution to obtain the beta-trans-nitroolefin compound. The method is simple and practicable, low in cost and high in product yield, can realize large-scale production, and has good industrial application prospects in the aspects of functional organic material, bioactive compound and drug synthesis.
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Paragraph 0027-0029; 0063-0065
(2020/06/17)
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- Co-Polymeric Nanosponges from Cellulose Biomass as Heterogeneous Catalysts for amine-catalyzed Organic Reactions
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Heterogeneous catalysts prepared from biomass waste sources are attracting increasing interest. The reasons rely on the possibility of combining the virtuous approach of circular economy with the consolidated advantages of heterogeneous catalysis, namely the recycling of the system and the possibility to drive selectivity towards desired products. Herein we report a highly porous cellulose-based nanosponge (CNS) and its use as a recoverable catalyst for Henry and Knoevenagel reactions, two classical amino-catalyzed transformations. The material is obtained by cross-linking between TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF) and branched polyethyleneimine 25 kDa (bPEI) in the presence of citric acid. CNS have been developed as sorbent materials for water remediation but their use as heterogeneous catalysts was never investigated. The fully characterized micro- and nano-porous system guarantees a complete penetration of CNS, allowing reagents to diffuse within. Indeed, by modulating reaction conditions (catalyst loading, temperature, solvent, microwave versus conventional heating, relative ratio of reagents) it was possible to drive selectivity towards the desired products, while maintaining high efficiency in terms of conversion. The catalyst could be re-used several times without losing in catalytic efficiency. In most cases the products’ distribution is quite different from homogeneous conditions, this much more emphasizing the importance of this heterogeneous solution.
- Riva, Laura,Punta, Carlo,Sacchetti, Alessandro
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p. 6214 - 6222
(2020/10/02)
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- Metal-free, room temperature, acid-K2S2O8 mediated method for the nitration of olefins: An easy approach for the synthesis of nitroolefins
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Here, we have developed a simple, room temperature method for the nitration of olefins by using inexpensive sodium nitrite as a source of nitro groups in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) under an open atmosphere. Styrenes and mono-substituted olefins give stereo-selective corresponding E-nitroolefins under optimized conditions, however, 1,1-bisubstituted olefins give a mixture of E- and Z-nitroolefins. The optimized conditions work well with electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, un-substituted and heterocyclic styrenes and mono-substituted olefins and give corresponding nitroolefins with good to excellent yields.
- Ambala, Srinivas,Singh, Rohit,Singh, Maninder,Cham, Pankaj Singh,Gupta, Ria,Munagala, Gurunadham,Yempalla, Kushalava Reddy,Vishwakarma, Ram A.,Singh, Parvinder Pal
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p. 30428 - 30431
(2019/10/04)
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- Synthetic Diversity from a Versatile and Radical Nitrating Reagent
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We leverage the slow liberation of nitrogen dioxide from a newly discovered, inexpensive succinimide-derived reagent to allow for the C?H diversification of alkenes and alkynes. Beyond furnishing a library of aryl β-nitroalkenes, this reagent provides unparalleled access to β-nitrohydrins and β-nitroethers. Detailed mechanistic studies strongly suggest that a mesolytic N?N bond fragmentation liberates a nitryl radical. Using in situ photo-sensitized, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we observed direct evidence of a nitryl radical in solution by nitrone spin-trapping. To further exhibit versatility of N-nitrosuccinimide under photoredox conditions, the late-stage diversification of an extensive number of C?H partners to prepare isoxazolines and isoxazoles is presented. This approach allows for the formation of an in situ nitrile oxide from a ketone partner, the presence of which is detected by the formation of the corresponding furoxan when conducted in the absence of a dipolarophile. This 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with nitrile oxides and alkenes or alkynes proceeds in a single-operational step using a mild, regioselective, and general protocol with broad chemoselectivity.
- Zhang, Kun,Jelier, Benson,Passera, Alessandro,Jeschke, Gunnar,Katayev, Dmitry
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supporting information
p. 12929 - 12939
(2019/09/17)
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- A chiral bicyclic skeleton-tethered bipyridine-Zn(OTf)2 complex as a Lewis acid: Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with nitroalkenes
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A conformationally rigid chiral bicyclic skeleton tethered bipyridine-Zn(OTf)2 complex facilitated the enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with trans-β-nitroarylalkenes in an enantioselective manner at elevated temperature. Indoles reacted smoothly with β-nitroarylalkenes to generate the corresponding 3-(2-nitroalkyl)indoles in good to excellent yields (up to 94%) with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 91%). The stereochemical outcome of the product from indole and trans-β-nitrostyrene in the presence of the CRCB tethered bipyridine-Zn(OTf)2 complex and the DFT calculation of the CRCB tethered bipyridine-Zn:trans-β-nitrostyrene complex support the si-face attack of indole on trans-β-nitrostyrene.
- Venkatanna, Kesa,Yeswanth Kumar, Santhakumar,Karthick, Muthupandi,Padmanaban, Ramanathan,Ramaraj Ramanathan, Chinnasamy
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p. 4077 - 4086
(2019/04/30)
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- Iodine monobromide catalysed regioselective synthesis of 3-arylquinolines from α-aminoacetophenones and: Trans -β-nitrostyrenes
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A simple and efficient method for regioselective synthesis of 3-arylquinolines is described from α-aminoacetophenones and trans-β-nitrostyrenes using 20 mol% iodine monobromide as a catalyst in acetonitrile solvent at 80 °C. The present method involves tandem reaction of α-aminoacetophenones and trans-β-nitrostyrenes, formation of two new C-C bonds and cleavage of one C-C bond in a single step. The salient features of the protocol are metal- and oxidant-free reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and good yields.
- Gattu, Radhakrishna,Mondal, Santa,Ali, Saghir,Khan, Abu T.
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supporting information
p. 347 - 353
(2019/01/10)
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- Combined Photoredox/Enzymatic C?H Benzylic Hydroxylations
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Chemical transformations that install heteroatoms into C?H bonds are of significant interest because they streamline the construction of value-added small molecules. Direct C?H oxyfunctionalization, or the one step conversion of a C?H bond to a C?O bond, could be a highly enabling transformation due to the prevalence of the resulting enantioenriched alcohols in pharmaceuticals and natural products,. Here we report a single-flask photoredox/enzymatic process for direct C?H hydroxylation that proceeds with broad reactivity, chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity. This unified strategy advances general photoredox and enzymatic catalysis synergy and enables chemoenzymatic processes for powerful and selective oxidative transformations.
- Betori, Rick C.,May, Catherine M.,Scheidt, Karl A.
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supporting information
p. 16490 - 16494
(2019/11/03)
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- Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of 2-Acylimidazoles with Nitroalkenes Promoted by Chiral-at-Metal Rhodium(III) Complexes
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An enantioselective conjugate addition of 2-acylimidazoles with nitroalkenes catalyzed by chiral-at-metal rhodium(III) complex under mild reaction conditions was developed, affording versatile γ-nitro ketone skeletons in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee). (Figure presented.).
- Thota, Ganesh Kumar,Sun, Gui-Jun,Deng, Tao,Li, Yi,Kang, Qiang
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supporting information
p. 1094 - 1098
(2018/01/22)
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- Squaramide-Linked Chloramphenicol Base Hybrid Catalysts for the Asymmetric Michael Addition of 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylates to Nitroolefins
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An array of hybrid catalysts incorporating a chloramphenicol base moiety linked to another chiral scaffold through a squaramide linker were developed and successfully used in the Michael addition of 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylates to nitroolefins. Control experiments suggested that the hybrid catalysts were more reactive than nonhybridized bifunctional catalysts, and matching of the chirality between the two scaffolds was crucial for high reactivity and stereoselectivity. These hybrid organocatalysts could be used with a variety of substrates. At a 0.5 mol-% catalyst loading, a range of 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylates derivatives bearing quaternary and tertiary stereogenic centers were obtained in high yields (up to 98 %) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee) and moderate diastereoselectivities (up to 8:92 dr).
- Yan, Linjie,Huang, Guanxin,Wang, Haifeng,Xiong, Fangjun,Peng, Haihui,Chen, Fener
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supporting information
p. 99 - 103
(2018/01/17)
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- Method for catalytically synthesizing (E)-beta-nitrostyrene derivatives based on tetraarylporphyrin iron
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The invention discloses a method for catalytically synthesizing (E)-beta-nitrostyrene derivatives based on tetraarylporphyrin iron. According to the method, styrene derivatives are subjected to one-pot reaction in a system containing tetraarylporphyrin iron (III), ammonium iodide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide to generate the (E)-beta-nitrostyrene derivatives. The method is capable of synthesizing beta-nitrostyrene derivatives with high E stereoselectivity with high yield under the mild reaction condition.
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-
Paragraph 0047; 0084-0086
(2017/08/31)
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- In order to iodide is one pot synthesis nitryl source α, β - unsaturated nitro olefin derivatives (by machine translation)
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The present invention discloses a one-pot synthesis nitryl source iodide is α, β - unsaturated nitro olefin derivatives, vinyl compounds containing four aryl ferrous (III), iodide and tertiary-butyl hydrogen peroxide in acetonitrile solution system a pot of reaction, generating α, β - unsaturated nitro olefin derivatives; the method to achieve the under mild reaction conditions, high yield with high stereo selectivity of the E synthesis of α, β - unsaturated nitro olefin. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0055-0058; 0095-0097
(2017/09/01)
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- Α, β - unsaturated nitro olefin derivative synthesis method (by machine translation)
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The invention discloses a α, β - unsaturated nitro olefin derivative synthesis method, vinyl compounds containing four aryl ferrous (III), ammonium halide and tertiary-butyl hydrogen peroxide in the system of the one-pot reaction, generating α, β - unsaturated nitro olefin derivatives; the method to achieve the under mild reaction conditions, high yield with high stereo selectivity of the E synthesis of α, β - unsaturated nitro olefin. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0027; 0034; 0057; 0059; 0096; 0097; 0098
(2017/09/05)
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- High-selectivity (E)-beta-nitrostyrene derivative one-pot synthesizing method
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The invention discloses a high-selectivity (E)-beta-nitrostyrene derivative one-pot synthesizing method. In air or sealed environment, styrene derivative generates one-pot reaction in a system containing tetra-acryl ferroporphyrin (III), ammonium iodide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide to generate (E)-beta-nitrostyrene derivative. The method achieves the purpose of synthesizing the beta-nitrostyrene derivative with high E three-dimensional selectivity in high yield under moderate reaction conditions.
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Paragraph 0044-0048; 0085-0087
(2018/03/28)
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- Cyanide-Free and Broadly Applicable Enantioselective Synthetic Platform for Chiral Nitriles through a Biocatalytic Approach
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A cyanide-free platform technology for the synthesis of chiral nitriles by biocatalytic enantioselective dehydration of a wide range of aldoximes is reported. The nitriles were obtained with high enantiomeric excess of >90 % ee (and up to 99 % ee) in many cases, and a “privileged substrate structure” with respect to high enantioselectivity was identified. Furthermore, a surprising phenomenon was observed for the enantiospecificity that is usually not observed in enzyme catalysis. Depending on whether the E or Z isomer of the racemic aldoxime substrate was employed, one or the other enantiomer of the corresponding nitrile was formed preferentially with the same enzyme.
- Betke, Tobias,Rommelmann, Philipp,Oike, Keiko,Asano, Yasuhisa,Gr?ger, Harald
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supporting information
p. 12361 - 12366
(2017/09/06)
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- K2S2O8-mediated nitration of alkenes with NaNO2 and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl: Stereoselective synthesis of (E)-nitroalkenes
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A transition-metal-free nitration of alkenes with NaNO2 in the presence of K2S2O8 and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) is developed. The transformation exhibits a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance, thus providing a new and expedient protocol for stereoselective synthesis of (E)-nitroalkenes with moderate to good yields. Moreover, the nitration processes of (E)- and (Z)-stilbene are also studied: even though the proportion of substrates is different, the E/Z ratio of the products is basically the same. Based upon experimental observations, a possible reaction mechanism is proposed.
- Zhao, An,Jiang, Qing,Jia, Jing,Xu, Bin,Liu, Yufeng,Zhang, Mingzhong,Liu, Qiang,Luo, Weiping,Guo, Cancheng
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supporting information
p. 80 - 84
(2015/12/23)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel inhibitors against 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene reductase from Magnaporthe grisea
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1,3,8-Trihydroxynaphthalene reductase (3HNR) is an essential enzymes that is involved in fungal melanin biosynthesis. Based on the structural informations of active site of 3HNR, a series of β-nitrostyrene compounds were rationally designed and synthesized. The enzymatic activities of these compounds showed that most of them exhibited high inhibitory activities (50 = 0.29 μM). In particular, some of these compounds had moderate fungicidal activity against Magnaporthe grisea. Compound 3-4 showed high in vivo activities against M. grisea (EC50 = 9.5 ppm). Furthermore, compound 3-2 was selected as a representative molecule, and the probable binding mode of this compound and the surrounding residues in the active site of 3HNR was elucidated by using molecular dock. The positive results suggest that β-nitrostyrene derivatives are most likely to be promising leads toward the discovery of novel agent of rice blast.
- Chen, Haifeng,Han, Xinya,Qin, Nian,Wei, Lin,Yang, Yue,Rao, Li,Chi, Bo,Feng, Lingling,Ren, Yanliang,Wan, Jian
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p. 1225 - 1230
(2016/03/01)
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- Iron-Mediated One-Pot Synthesis of 3,5-Diarylpyridines from β-Nitrostyrenes
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An operationally simple and mild one-pot protocol for the synthesis of a variety of 3,5-diarylpyridines from β-nitrostyrenes was achieved by using elemental iron. This reaction proceeds via reduction of the nitro group, resulting in in situ imine formation followed by trimolecular condensation with concomitant debenzylative aromatization. By employing this method, a series of symmetrical and unsymmetrical 3,5-diarylpyridines were synthesized with good to excellent yields. In addition, this method was also utilized for the synthesis of Sch-21418, an anti-inflammatory agent on gram scale.
- Sathish, Manda,Chetna, Jadala,Hari Krishna, Namballa,Shankaraiah, Nagula,Alarifi, Abdullah,Kamal, Ahmed
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p. 2159 - 2165
(2016/03/15)
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- Synthesis of pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione derivatives: Anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, α-glucosidase, β-glucuronidase inhibition and their molecular docking studies
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This paper describes a facile protocol, efficient, and environmentally benign for the synthesis a series of barbiturate acid substituted at C5 position 3a–o. The desired compounds subjected in vitro for different set of bioassays including against anti-oxidant (DPPH and super oxide scavenger assays), anti-cancer, α-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase inhibitions. Compound 3m (IC50?=?22.9?±?0.5?μM) found to be potent α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitors and showed more activity than standard acarbose (IC50?=?841?±?1.73?μM). Compound 3f (IC50?=?86.9?±?4.33?μM) found to be moderate β-Glucuronidase enzyme inhibitors and showed activity comparatively less than the standard D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone (IC50?=?45.75?±?2.16?μM). Furthermore, in sillico investigation was carried out to investigate bonding mode of barbiturate acid derivatives.
- Barakat, Assem,Islam, Mohammad Shahidul,Al-Majid, Abdullah Mohammed,Ghabbour, Hazem A.,Yousuf, Sammer,Ashraf, Mahwish,Shaikh, Nimra Naveed,Iqbal Choudhary,Khalil, Ruqaiya,Ul-Haq, Zaheer
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supporting information
p. 72 - 79
(2016/07/26)
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- Yolk-shell-structured mesoporous silica: A bifunctional catalyst for nitroaldol-Michael one-pot cascade reaction
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Great interest in heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis has focused on obtaining an enantioselective cascade reaction through a controllable active site-isolated heterogeneous catalyst. Herein, we utilize a yolk-shell-structured mesoporous silica and assemble an active site-isolated bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst, where chiral cinchonine-based squaramide molecules are anchored within a silicate channel as an outer shell while amine-functionalities are entrapped onto a silicate yolk as an inner core. Structural analyses and characterizations of the heterogeneous catalyst reveal its well-defined single-site chiral active species within its silicate network. Electron microscopy confirms the yolk-shell-structured mesoporous material. As presented in this study, as a bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst, it enables an efficiently nitroaldol-Michael cascade reaction to conduct the three-component coupling of nitromethane, aldehyde and acetylacetone into various chiral diones with high yields and up to 99% enantioselectivities in a one-pot process. As expected, this active site-isolated catalyst not only enhances the catalytic selectivity of the first-step nitroaldol condensation, but also keeps the enantioselectivity of the second-step Michael addition. Moreover, the heterogeneous catalyst can be also recovered easily and recycled repeatedly, making it an interesting feature in a three-component organic transformation.
- An, Juzeng,Cheng, Tanyu,Xiong, Xi,Wu, Liang,Han, Bin,Liu, Guohua
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p. 5714 - 5720
(2016/07/21)
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- Palladium(II)-catalyzed C-C and C-O bond formation for the synthesis of C1-benzoyl isoquinolines from isoquinoline: N -oxides and nitroalkenes
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C1-Benzoyl isoquinolines can be generated via a palladium(ii)-catalyzed C-C and C-O coupling of isoquinoline N-oxides with aromatic nitroalkenes. The reaction proceeds through remote C-H bond activation and subsequent intramolecular oxygen atom transfer (OAT). In this reaction, the N-O bond was designed as a directing group in the C-H bond activation as well as the source of an oxygen atom.
- Li, Jiu-Ling,Li, Wei-Ze,Wang, Ying-Chun,Ren, Qiu,Wang, Heng-Shan,Pan, Ying-Ming
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supporting information
p. 10028 - 10031
(2016/08/15)
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- Clay-supported copper nitrate (claycop): A mild reagent for the selective nitration of aromatic olefins
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A straightforward and highly selective method has been developed for the nitration of a wide variety of aromatic and aliphatic olefins by using a clay-supported copper nitrate (Claycop) and a catalytic amount of (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl, an inexpensive and mild reagent system. High conversions and exclusive E-selectivity, together with the environmentally benign nature of the Claycop reagent, make this a green method and an attractive alternative to established methods. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart. New York.
- Begari, Eeshwaraiah,Singh, Chandani,Nookaraju,Kumar, Pradeep
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p. 1997 - 2000
(2014/11/08)
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- Asymmetric Michael addition of α-fluoro-α-nitroalkanes to nitroolefins: Facile preparation of fluorinated amines and tetrahydropyrimidines
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An asymmetric Michael addition of α-fluoro-α-nitroalkanes to nitroolefins was developed, and the products were obtained in good chemical yields and with high stereoselectivities. Highly functionalized adducts provided ready access to fluorinated amines and tetrahydropyrimidines in an optically enriched form.
- Kwiatkowski, Jacek,Lu, Yixin
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supporting information
p. 9313 - 9316
(2014/08/05)
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- One-pot solid phase synthesis of (E)-nitroalkenes
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An efficient one-pot protocol for the synthesis of (E)-nitroalkenes by reaction of aldehydes and nitroalkanes in the presence of polymer-bound triphenylphosphine, iodine and imidazole is described. Although the reaction works with similar efficiency with triphenylphosphine and its polymer-bound version, easy removal of the unwanted polymer-bound triphenylphosphine oxide and its recovery as triphenylphosphine provide the edge for practical application of the method.
- Rokhum, Lalthazuala,Bez, Ghanashyam
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p. 5500 - 5504
(2013/09/23)
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- Synthesis of vinylphosphonates and its first exploration of bioactivity
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Phosphonation of β-nitro-alkene with triethyl phosphite was achieved under microwave irradiation using CH2Cl2 as the solvent in the absence of catalyst with moderate to high yields (up to 90%). This method of formation of carbonphosphor bonds is simple, mild, convenient and effective. Synchronously, a number of vinylphosphonates derivatives were synthesized and evaluated biologically preliminary.
- Li, Sheng-Nan,Xu, Lan-Ting,Chenb, Yue,Lia, Ju-Lian,He, Ling
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experimental part
p. 416 - 422
(2012/05/04)
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- SEPIAPTERIN REDUCTASE INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PAIN
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Disclosed herein are small molecule heterocyclic inhibitors of sepiapterin reductase (SPR), and pro-drugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The Also featured are pharmaceutical compositions of the compounds and uses of these compounds for the treatment or prevention of pain (e.g., inflammatory pain, nociceptive pain, functional pain, and neuropathic pain)
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Page/Page column 85
(2011/05/05)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-acetyl-β-aryl-1,2-didehydroethylamines as new HIV-1 RT inhibitors in vitro
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A variety of N-acetyl-β-aryl-1,2-didehydroethylamines were synthesized by direct reduction-acetylation of β-aryl-nitroolefins and assayed as HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) for the first time. Compound 7a exhibited a TI value of >13.2 with CC50 value of >0.787 mM in C8166 cells. This structure-activity relationship (SAR) study provided a new lead for design and discovery of more potent and selective analogues act as NNRTIs.
- Cheng, Pi,Jiang, Zhi-Yong,Wang, Rui-Rui,Zhang, Xue-Mei,Wang, Qian,Zheng, Yong-Tang,Zhou, Jun,Chen, Ji-Jun
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p. 4476 - 4480
(2008/02/09)
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