- Gold-based immunochromatographic strip assay for detecting dimethomorph in vegetables
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Dimethomorph (DMM) is a novel therapeutic fungicide, which is mainly used to control downy mildew, phytophthora, and other fungal diseases of grapes, leeks, and cucumbers. Its residue is harmful to the human body and the soil environment. In this study, the optimum monoclonal antibody (mAb) against DMM was prepared after routine fusion and selection. Based on the mAb, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and a gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic assay (GNP-ICA) were developed for detecting DMM in leek samples. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the mAb was 1.823 ng mL-1, and its cross-reactivity with structurally related analogs was less than 3%. Under optimal conditions, the visible detection limit of this ICA method was 10 ng g-1, and the cutoff value of DMM in leeks was 100 ng g-1. The analysis of DMM in leeks showed that the results of the strip analysis were highly comparable with those of ic-ELISA and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry LC-MS. Therefore, the GNP immunoassay is a sensitive screening method for detecting DMM residues in foods.
- Kuang, Hua,Liu, Liqiang,Xiang, Tongyue,Xu, Chuanlai,Xu, Liguang,Xu, Xinxin
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p. 3882 - 3888
(2022/03/07)
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- Tunable aryl imidazolium recyclable ionic liquid with dual br?nsted-lewis acid as green catalyst for friedel-crafts acylation and thioesterification
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Unique tunable aryl imidazolium ionic liquids successfully catalyzed Friedel-Crafts acylation and thioesterification in sealed tubes. These reactions can form a C-C bond and a C-S bond with high atom economy. Ionic liquids exhibited high activity and catalyzed essential reactions with good to excellent yields while retaining their catalytic activities for recycling.
- Chen, Wen-Tin,Chou, Shih-Huan,Ho, Wen-Yueh,Hung, Ming-Wei,Lin, Michelle,Lin, Wesley,Lin, Yi-Jyun,Luo, Shun-Yuan,Reddy, Daggula Mallikarjuna,Thul, Mayur,Wu, Hsin-Ru,Wu, Yao-Peng
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- Visible-Light-Enabled Oxidative Coupling of Alkenes with Dialkylformamides to Access Unsaturated Amides
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A practical and direct method for oxidative cross-coupling of alkenes with dialkylformamides is established employing visible-light-enabled photoredox catalysis. This strategy allows efficient access to diverse unsaturated amides under mild reaction conditions. The application of an appropriate diaryliodonium salt was demonstrated to be critical to the success of this process. This catalyst system is well tolerant of a variety of useful functional groups.
- Lu, Maojian,Lin, Zhaowei,Chen, Shanyi,Chen, Hongyou,Huang, Mingqiang,Cai, Shunyou
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p. 9929 - 9933
(2019/12/24)
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- Arene Cyanation via Cation-Radical Accelerated-Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
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Herein we describe a cation radical-accelerated-nucleophilic aromatic substitution (CRA-SNAr) of alkoxy arenes utilizing a highly oxidizing acridinium photoredox catalyst and acetone cyanohydrin, an inexpensive and commercially available cyanide source. This cyanation is selective for carbon-oxygen (C-O) bond functionalization and is applicable to a range of methoxyarenes and dimethoxyarenes. Furthermore, computational studies provide a model for predicting regioselectivity and chemoselectivity in competitive C-H and C-O cyanation of methoxyarene cation radicals.
- Holmberg-Douglas, Natalie,Nicewicz, David A.
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supporting information
p. 7114 - 7118
(2019/09/07)
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- Dimethomorph production method
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The invention discloses a dimethomorph production method in the technical field of pesticide production. The production method comprises: 1) synthesizing veratrole; 2) synthesizing 3,4-dimethoxy-4-chloro-benzophenone; 3) synthesizing acetylmorpholine; and 4) synthesizing dimethomorph. Sodium tert-butoxide is taken as a basic catalyst for synthesizing dimethomorph from 3,4-dimethoxy-4-chloro-benzophenone and acetylmorpholine, and a sodium hydroxide solution is used to perform alkali washing on a reactant in a reaction vessel. Sodium hydroxide has a catalytic effect on synthesis of dimethomorphfrom 3,4-dimethoxy-4-chloro-benzophenone and acetylmorpholine. The defect that the catalytic effect of sodium tert-butoxide is gradually reduced due to unstable chemical property of sodium tert-butoxide and degradation of sodium tert-butoxide when sodium tert-butoxide comes into water is overcome. The dimethomorph product is improved in conversion rate and purity.
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Paragraph 0011; 0012; 0013
(2018/06/15)
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- Design, synthesis, and fungicidal activity of novel carboxylic acid amides represented by N-benzhydryl valinamode carbamates
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Carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides are an important class of agricultural fungicide with oomycete activity and low toxicity toward mammalian cells. To find CAA analogues with high activity against resistant pathogens, a series of substituted N-benzhydryl valinamide carbamate derivatives were designed and synthesized by introducing substituted aromatic rings into valinamide carbamate leads. Bioassays showed that some title compounds exhibited very good in vitro fungicidal activity against Phytophthora capsici and in vivo fungicidal activities against Pseudoperonospora cubensis. Topomer CoMFA was performed to explore the structure-activity relationship on the basis of the in vitro data. The dimethoxy substituted aromatic analogue 9e was found to display higher in vitro fungicidal activity against Phytophthora capsici than iprovalicarb but lower activity than mandipropamid, and higher in vivo fungicidal activity against Pseudoperonospora cubensis than dimethomorph at a dosage of 6.25 μg mL-1. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Du, Xiu-Jiang,Bian, Qiang,Wang, Hong-Xue,Yu, Shu-Jing,Kou, Jun-Jie,Wang, Zhi-Peng,Li, Zheng-Ming,Zhao, Wei-Guang
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p. 5427 - 5434
(2014/07/21)
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- Selective acylation of phenols in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate solution and the mechanistic implication
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In the presence of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF3 · OEt2), direct acylation of phenols with free carboxylic acid is chemoselective and regioselective and no demethylation, if any, was observed. The para-directing effect of BF3·OEt2 is attributed to the large steric hindrance of the boron trifluoride-phenolic hydroxyl group complex, which blocks the ortho-acylation from occurrence. Microwave irradiation could not change the regioselectivity of BF3·OEt2 except the reaction time being greatly shortened.
- Xiao, Zhu-Ping,Wei, Wei,Huang, Shen,Lin, Xiao-Yi,Peng, Bin,Wang, Xu-Dong,Zhang, Lei
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p. 8039 - 8042
(2015/02/02)
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- Synthesis and biological activity of halophenols as potent antioxidant and cytoprotective agents
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A series of new bromophenols and chlorophenols were prepared by a practical route. The in vitro antioxidative activity of the halophenols was evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay, and their cytoprotective activity was also tested on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). All halophenols tested displayed moderate to good DPPH radical-scavenging activity, and two bromophenols, 2,3′-dibromo-4,5,6′-trihydroxydiphenylmethanone (16c) and 2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxydiphenylmethanone (17c) exhibited high protective activity against H2O2-induced injury in HUVEC with EC50 values of 0.4 and 0.8 μM, respectively. The preliminary structure-activity relationships of these compounds were also investigated in order to determine the essential structures required for their bioactivities.
- Zhao, Wanyi,Feng, Xiue,Ban, Shurong,Lin, Wenhan,Li, Qingshan
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scheme or table
p. 4132 - 4134
(2010/08/20)
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- Simple route to 3-(2-indolyl)-1-propanones via a furan recyclization reaction
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A simple route to 1-R-3-(2-indolyl)-1-propanones has been elaborated based on recyclization of 2-(2-aminobenzyl)furan derivatives. Being a modification of the Reissert indole synthesis, our approach employs the furan ring as a source of carbonyl function. This approach is general and allows varying of substituents in aromatic ring as well as in 3-position of indole nucleus.
- Butin, Alexander V.,Smirnov, Sergey K.,Stroganova, Tatyana A.,Bender, Wolfgang,Krapivin, Gennady D.
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p. 474 - 491
(2007/10/03)
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- Lithiation of 2-aryl-2-(chloroaryl)-1,3-dioxolanes and its application in the synthesis of new ortho-functionalized benzophenone derivatives
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2-Aryl-2-(chloroaryl)-1,3-dioxolanes 4 were lithiated ortho to the ketal group of the chloroaryl ring by treatment with butyllithium in THF between -78 and 0°C. The site selectivity of some of the deprotonation reactions was rationalized by the long-range effect of the 4-chloro substituent. The lithio species thus generated were treated with various electrophiles to give ortho-functionalized benzophenone derivatives. Intramolecular competition between the aryl rings was observed in the lithiation of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- (4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane (4s). Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004.
- Lukacs, Gyula,Porcs-Makkay, Marta,Simig, Gyula
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p. 4130 - 4140
(2007/10/03)
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- Process for the preparation of substituted benzophenones
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There is provided an efficient and effective process for the preparation of a compound of formula I (I) 1via the acylation of the appropriate substituted benzene substrate in the presence of graphite, optionally in the presence of FeCl3. Compounds of formula I are useful as intermediates in the manufacture of agrichemical agents.
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- Process for the preparation of chloro-benzoyl chlorides
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An effective and efficient process for the preparation of chloro-benzoylchlorides of formula I, (n is defined in the specification) is described. In this process a chloro-trichloromethylbenzene of formula II is treated with water in the presence of a Lewis at temperatures below 80 °C. The compounds obtained according to this process can be used to prepare certain chloro-substituted benzophenones useful as fungicides.
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- Benzophenones and their preparation
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Process for the preparation of methoxy benzophenone derivatives of the formula I: which comprises reacting an anisole derivative of formula II with a compound of the formula III wherein one of X and Y represents a hydrogen atom and the other represents the group COCl, or one represents a magnesium halide group MgHal wherein Hal denotes a halogen atom and the other represents COCl or an aldehyde or nitrile group, followed in the last two cases by oxidation or hydrolysis respectively; the substituents R1, R2 and R3 representing a hydrogen or halogen atom or various organic grouping. Certain of the resulting compounds are novel, and are included as such.
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