- Phase equilibria, formation, crystal and electronic structure of ternary compounds in Ti-Ni-Sn and Ti-Ni-Sb ternary systems
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The phase equilibria of the Ti-Ni-Sn and Ti-Ni-Sb ternary systems have been studied in the whole concentration range by means of X-ray and EPM analyses at 1073 K and 873 K, respectively. Four ternary intermetallic compounds TiNiSn (MgAgAs-type), TiNi
- Romaka,Rogl,Romaka,Stadnyk, Yu.,Melnychenko,Grytsiv,Falmbigl,Skryabina
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- Enthalpies of formation of some 3d Transition Metal-Antimony compounds by high temperature direct synthesis calorimetry
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In this work we have performed a calorimetric investigation of some thermoelectric compounds, which are useful for energy savings, but do not contain toxic or extremely rare elements. The standard enthalpies of formation at 298 K of some binary antimony and transition metal (TM) compounds have been measured by high temperature direct synthesis calorimetry. The reported results are: ScSb(?112.0 ± 3.1); Sc5Sb3(-95.4 ± 2.8) TiSb (?63.3 ± 2.4); CrSb (?3.0 ± 2.7); FeSb2(0 ± 2.5); Mn2Sb (?9.2 ± 1.5); CoSb (?19.6 ± 1.3); CoSb3(-20.1 ± 2.0); NiSb (?35.3 ± 1.8). In kJ/mole of atoms. We compare our experimental measurement results with some previously published measurements and with predicted values by ab initio calculations.
- Meschel, S. V.,Nash, Philip
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- NiSb alloy hollow nanospheres as anode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries
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NiSb alloy hollow nanospheres (HNSs) obtained by galvanic replacement were firstly applied as anode materials for lithium ion batteries, giving the best electrochemical performances for NiSb alloy materials so far with a high reversible capacity of 420 mA h g-1 after 50 cycles, close to its theoretical capacity (446 mA h g-1). This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Hou, Hongshuai,Cao, Xiaoyu,Yang, Yingchang,Fang, Laibing,Pan, Chengchi,Yang, Xuming,Song, Weixin,Ji, Xiaobo
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- Phase relationships in the ternary Ga-Ni-Sb system
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Undesirable chemical reactions between metal contacts and a semiconductor substrate may be prevented by selecting metallization layers which are in thermodynamic equilibrium with the substrate. In order to determine the reaction products resulting from the formation of the Ni-GaSb contact, phase equilibria in the Ga-Ni-Sb system have been established experimentally at 500, 600 and 900°C. For the compound semiconductor GaSb negligible solid solubility of Ni was measured both at 500 and 600°C. In the attempt to clarify the existence of the ternary ε-phase in this system, a number of alloys with various compositions were prepared, equilibrated, and examined by XRD, EPMA, and optical microscopy. In addition, the variation of the lattice parameters of the ε-phase was determined as a function of composition at 900°C; the results are discussed in terms of the filling of the different lattice positions of the hexagonal unit cell.
- Markovski, Slobodan L.,Micke, Kornelia,Richter, Klaus W.,Van Loo, Frans J.J.,Ipser, Herbert
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- New criteria for the applicability of combustion synthesis: The investigation of thermodynamic and kinetic processes for binary Chemical Reactions
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Combustion synthesis is a novel technique that utilizes the exothermic heat of a chemical reaction to maintain the reaction and to rapidly prepare materials. But, hitherto, none of unified criterion for the validation of combustion synthesis has been proposed. Herein, we proposed the conditions need to be met. In terms of kinetics, at the adiabatic temperature (Tad), the diffusion distance of atoms (lTad) within 0.1 s should be larger than the particle size of the reactants(d), that is, lTad≥d. For systems that satisfy Tad/Tm,L≥1(where Tm,L is the melting point of the low-melting point component of the reactants), the presence of a liquid phase significantly increases the atomic diffusion distance from nanometers to tens of microns, making the criterion lTad≥d simplified to Tad/Tm,L≥1 in most situations. In terms of thermodynamics, the system needs to ensure that the reaction components are in an activated state, that is, Tad/Tm,H ≥0.7, where Tm,H is the melting point of the high-melting point component. The criteria for the SHS reactions proposed in this study further improve the theoretical understanding of SHS reactions, and provide guidance for exploring the ultra-fast synthesis of binary and multicomponent compounds.
- Tan, Xiaoming,Su, Xianli,Yan, Yonggao,Uher, Ctirad,Zhang, Qingjie,Tang, Xinfeng
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supporting information
(2021/01/07)
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- Nanoporous NiSb to Enhance Nitrogen Electroreduction via Tailoring Competitive Adsorption Sites
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Ambient nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is attracting extensive interest but still suffers from sluggish kinetics owing to competitive rapid hydrogen evolution and difficult nitrogen activation. Herein, nanoporous NiSb alloy is reported as an efficient electrocatalyst for N2 fixation, achieving a high ammonia yield rate of 56.9 μg h?1 mg?1 with a Faradaic efficiency of 48.0%. Density functional theory calculations reveal that in NiSb alloy, Ni favors N2 hydrogenation while the neighboring Sb separates active sites for proton and N2 adsorption, which optimizes the adsorption/desorption of intermediates and enables an energetically favorable NRR pathway. This work indicates promising electrocatalytic application of the alloys of 3d and p block metals toward the NRR and provides an intriguing strategy to enhance the reduction of inert molecules by restraining the competitive hydrogen adsorption.
- Fan, Guilan,Xu, Wence,Li, Jinhan,Chen, Jia-Liang,Yu, Meng,Ni, Youxuan,Zhu, Shengli,Su, Xun-Cheng,Cheng, Fangyi
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- Refinement of the Microwave-Assisted Polyol Process for the Low-Temperature Synthesis of Intermetallic Nanoparticles
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The microwave-assisted polyol process was applied to synthesize phase-pure micro- or nanocrystalline intermetallic phases in the systems T–M (T = Co, Ni, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt and M = Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi). Reaction temperatures range between 240 and 300 °C, and reaction times of a few minutes up to 1 h are sufficient. For optimization of the syntheses, the reaction temperature, reaction time, and metal precursors were changed. To obtain phase-pure samples the process was further modified by the addition of potassium hydroxide, oleylamine, or oleic acid. Single-phase powders of a variety of intermetallic compounds were synthesized. Although not stable at the temperature of synthesis, high-temperature phases are accessible as well. The microwave-assisted polyol process opens up the possibility to synthesize intermetallic compounds through a fast and easily applicable one-step route, without utilization of strong and often toxic reducing agents.
- Teichert, Johannes,Heise, Martin,Chang, Jen-Hui,Ruck, Michael
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supporting information
p. 4930 - 4938
(2017/11/21)
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- Antimonato polyoxovanadates with structure directing transition metal complexes: Pseudopolymorphic{Ni(dien)2}3[V 15Sb6O42(H2O)]·nH 2O compounds and {Ni(dien)2}4[V 16Sb4O42(H2O)]
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Three new poloxovanadates were synthesized under solvothermal conditions and were structurally characterized. The two compounds with composition {Ni(dien)2}3[V15Sb6O 42(H2O)]·nH2O (n = 12 and 8; dien = bis(2-aminoethyl)amine or diethylenetriamine) are pseudopolymorphs crystallizing in different space groups. The compounds were obtained by applying identical reaction slurries but using different reaction temperatures. Both compounds feature the [V15Sb6O42(H2O)] 6- anion which is the antimony analogue to the single molecule magnet [V15As6O42(H2O)]6-. Crystal data: 1 tetragonal space group P4, a = 46.9378(3), c = 16.51300(10) A and V = 36380.7(4) A3. 2 rhombohedral space group R3c with a = 23.0517(4), c = 28.6216(5) A and V = 13171.3(4) A3. In 1 several unusual short inter-cluster Sb...O contacts lead to the formation of three different super-clusters with composition V60Sb24O168. The 12 unique {Ni(dien)2}2+ complexes adopt all three possible configurations. In 2 the special arrangement of the {Ni(dien)2} 2+ complexes around the cluster anion prevents inter-cluster Sb...O contacts. The main structural motif of the third compound {Ni(dien)2}4[V16Sb4O 42(H2O)] (3) is the [V16Sb4O 42(H2O)]8- cluster anion consisting of two perpendicular eight-membered rings of VO5 pyramids. Two additional VO5 polyhedra are located on opposite sides. Crystal data: 3 triclinic space group P1, a = 13.5159(4), b = 14.2497(5), c = 14.9419(4) A, α = 98.322(2), β = 114.080(2), γ = 110.130(2)°and V = 2326.35(12) A3.
- Antonova, Elena,Naether, Christian,Bensch, Wolfgang
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p. 1338 - 1344
(2012/03/07)
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- 2Sb18S29: A novel three-dimensional framework thioantimonate(III) templated by [Ni(phen)3] complexes
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A novel thioantimonate(III), namely, [Ni(phen)3] 2Sb18S29 (1; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), has been solvothermally synthesized. Its structure features a three-dimensional framework with the largest channels in thioantimonates. The chiral [Ni(phen)3]2+ cations and the Sb:S ratio (1:1.611) in 1 are unique among those in the reported thioantimonates. The thermal stability, optical properties, and electric conductivity as well as the theoretical band structure and density of state of 1 have also been studied.
- Du, Ke-Zhao,Feng, Mei-Ling,Li, Long-Hua,Hu, Bing,Ma, Zu-Ju,Wang, Peng,Li, Jian-Rong,Wang, Yu-Long,Zou, Guo-Dong,Huang, Xiao-Ying
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p. 3926 - 3928
(2012/06/04)
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- Solution synthesis of nanoparticular binary transition metal antimonides
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The preparation of nanoengineered materials with controlled nanostructures, for example, with an anisotropic phase segregated structure or a regular periodicity rather than with a broad range of interparticle distances, has remained a synthetic challenge for intermetallics. Artificially structured materials, including multilayers, amorphous alloys, quasicrystals, metastable crystalline alloys, or granular metals, are mostly prepared using physical gas phase procedures. We report a novel, powerful solution-mediated approach for the formation of nanoparticular binary antimonides based on presynthesized antimony nanoparticles. The transition metal antimonides M-Sb (M = Co, Ni, Cu 2, Zn) were obtained with sizes ranging from 20 and 60 nm. Through careful control of the reaction conditions, single-phase nanoparticular antimonides were synthesized. The nanophases were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction and (high resolution) electron microscopy. The approach is based on activated metal nanoparticles as precursors for the synthesis of the intermetallic compounds. X-ray powder diffraction studies of reaction intermediates allowed monitoring of the reaction kinetics. The small particle size of the reactants ensures short diffusion paths, low activation barriers, and low reaction temperatures, thereby eliminating solid-solid diffusion as the rate-limiting step in conventional bulk-scale solid-state synthesis.
- Kieslich, Gregor,Birkel, Christina S.,Stewart, Andrew,Kolb, Ute,Tremel, Wolfgang
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p. 6938 - 6943
(2011/10/10)
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- Phase diagram of the Pb-NiSb system and properties of (NiSb) 1 - X Pb x solid solutions
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The phase diagram of the Pb-NiSb system is presented. The system is pseudobinary, with a limited series of NiSb-based solid solutions: 1 mol % Pb at 300 K. In the temperature range 520-670 K, the system contains un unstable compound, Ni3Pb
- Abilov, Ch. I.,Agaeva
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p. 104 - 107
(2010/07/08)
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- Synthesis and characterization of mono- and di-antimonide with the first transition metals in group 8B by mechanical alloying
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Mono- and di-anitimonide compounds between antimony and the first transition metals in group 8B were synthesized by mechanical alloying method. All samples were investigated by the X-ray powder diffraction technique and differential thermal analysis. The single phase can be obtained only for CoSb, NiSb and CoSb2 compounds. In this investigation, a single phase of a marcasite structure (FeSb2 and NiSb2) and Fe 0.56Sb0.44 compound cannot be detected in the XRD patterns after 60 h of milling because of the instability of their structures at low temperature. They decomposed to their starting materials as seen by the characteristic peaks of the starting materials in the XRD patterns after 60 h of milling.
- Amornpitoksuk, Pongsaton,Suwanboon, Sumetha,Ratana, Tanakorn,Ratana, Tanattha
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p. 100 - 103
(2010/10/01)
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- Reductive synthesis of metal antimonides
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A new low temperature synthetic route to binary and ternary metal antimonides is reported. Binary transition metal antimonides prepared include CoSb3, CoSb2, CoSb, NiSb, NiSb2, Cu 2Sb and Mo3Sb7; new ternary compositions prepared include the series Co1-xNixSb (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.9). The intermetallic SnSb has also been prepared by this route. The synthetic method is simple and does not require the use of very high temperatures, multi-step reactions or reaction under vacuum. Compounds were synthesised by the reduction of mixed metal oxides under 10% hydrogen in argon at moderate temperatures (approx. 450 °C). The route affords some control over the stoichiometry of the product. High purity binary phases formed include CoSb 3, CoSb, NiSb, Cu2Sb and SnSb. Owing to the significantly different reduction temperatures of the starting metal oxides, Mo 3Sb7 was formed with impurities of MoO2 and Sb metal. CoSb2 and NiSb2 were formed with impurities of CoSb3 and NiSb, respectively.
- Kift, Rebecca L.,Prior, Timothy J.
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p. 428 - 433
(2011/01/08)
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- Phase equilibria in Zr-Ni-Sb ternary system at 870 K
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The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Zr-Ni-Sb ternary system at 870 K in the whole concentration range has been constructed by means of X-ray and metallographic analyses. Eight ternary intermetallic compounds Zr6NiSb2 (
- Romaka,Tkachuk,Stadnyk,Romaka
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p. 233 - 236
(2009/06/06)
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- Phase equilibria in the V-Ni-Sb system
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Phase relations in the V-Ni-Sb system have been studied by x-ray diffraction, and the 1070-K section of its phase diagram has been constructed in the region 0-67 at % Sb. The VSb phase (NiAs structure) is shown to have a homogeneity range: V1.04-1.00Sb0.96-1.00 (a = 0.4274(1)-0.4266(2) nm, c = 0.5464(2)-0.5448(4) nm). The binary antimonides with the NiAs structure dissolve the third component. V solubility in NiSb is within 3.5 at %. Ni dissolution in VSb is accompanied by partial Ni substitution for V and Ni incorporation into position 2d of space group P63/mmc, up to the composition V0.84Ni0.32Sb0.84 (a = 0.42187(6) nm, c = 0.54000(9) nm).
- Lomnytska,Pavliv
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p. 608 - 613
(2008/10/09)
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- Low temperature solvothermal synthesis of nanosized NiSb as a Li-ion battery anode material
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Nanosized intermetallic compound NiSb was successfully synthesized by a solvothermal route and studied as a promising anode material for secondary lithium-ion batteries. The as-prepared NiSb powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The electrochemical performance of the nanosized NiSb electrode was investigated by constant current charge and discharge cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was found that the nanosized NiSb shows a higher initial capacity compared to microsized one prepared by a levitation-melting/ball-milling route due to larger specific surface area of the nanomaterial. The nanosized NiSb shows a rapid capacity fade due to the pulverization and exfoliation of active material caused by severe electrochemical grinding upon long-term cycling.
- Xie,Zhao,Yu,Qi,Cao,Tu
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p. 231 - 235
(2008/10/09)
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- Phase relations in the Nb-Ni-Sb system
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Phase relations in the Nb-Ni-Sb system at 1070 K are studied by x-ray diffraction. The results confirm the existence of the ternary compound Nb 28Ni33.5Sb12.5 (new structure type), which is shown to have a narrow homogeneity range. The system contains no solid solutions based on binary compounds, as evidenced by structural analysis data for NiSb and NbSb2 in three-phase Nb-Ni-Sb samples.
- Lomnytska,Berezovets
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p. 1166 - 1171
(2008/10/09)
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- Bridgman growth of NiSb single crystals
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Structurally perfect NiSb single crystals ?25 mm in diameter and 250 mm in length were grown by the Bridgman method. Polishing etch compositions were selected for the preparation of NiSb substrate surfaces.
- Ogarev,Aitkhozhin,Temirov,Palkina,Shchamkhalov,Marenkin
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p. 1162 - 1165
(2008/10/09)
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- The 773 K isothermal section of Er-Ni-Sb phase diagram
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The isothermal section of the Er-Ni-Sb ternary system at 773 K has been investigated mainly by X-ray powder diffraction with the aid of differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The formation of the previously reported ErNiSb and Er
- Zeng, Lingmin,Tan, Lizhen
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p. 197 - 199
(2008/10/08)
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- Liquid ammonia mediated metathesis: Synthesis of binary metal chalcogenides and pnictides
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Addition of stoichiometric amounts of low valent metal halides to liquid ammonia solutions of disodium chalcogenide (Na2E; E = S, Se, Te) afforded a range of both crystalline (PbE (E = S, Se, Te), TIE (E = S, Se), Tl5Te3, Ag2E (E = S, Se, Te)) and X-ray amorphous (MS (M = Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg), M2E3 (M = Ga, In; E = S, Se, Te), HgE (E = Se, Te), CuE (E = S, Se, Te), Cu2S) metal chalcogenides in good yield (95%). Reactions between metal halides and sodium pnictides (Na3Pn; Pn = As, Sb) in liquid ammonia also afforded X-ray amorphous material (M3Pn2, M = Zn, Cd; MPn, M = Fe, Co, Ni) in good yield (95%). Isolation of the metal chalcogenides and pnictides was achieved through washing with CS2 and distilled water. All reactions were complete within 36 h. Products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), electron probe analysis, FR-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, microanalysis, and band gap measurements. Annealing amorphous material at 250-300 °C for 48 h induced sufficient crystallinity for analysis by X-ray powder diffraction.
- Shaw,Parkin
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p. 6940 - 6947
(2008/10/08)
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- Solvothermal coordination-reduction route to χ-NiSb nanocrystals at low temperature
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A very mild synthesis of nanocrystalline χ-NiSb via a novel solvothermal coordination-reduction process is reported here. The reaction of the mixture of NiCl2, antimony, and KBH4 was carried out in ethylenediamine (en) at 140°C for 24 h. X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscope images show that the products are hexagonal χ-NiSb phase and well crystallized with an average size of about 15 nm. The reaction proceeds through a metallic nickel intermediate. The morphology of the products was influenced markedly by the solvents, and a dendritic crystal of NiSb was obtained in diethylamine. The products were also investigated by UV/vis absorption, photoluminescence, X-ray photoelectron spectra, and Fourier-transform IR. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
- Xie, Yi,Lu, Jun,Yan, Ping,Jiang, Xuchuan,Qian, Yitai
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- Liquid-mediated metathetical synthesis of binary and ternary transition-metal pnictides
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Nickel and cobalt pnictides have been synthesised using a liquid-mediated metathetical reaction of transition-metal dihalides with the appropriate sodium pnictide Na3E (E = P, As, Sb) in refluxing toluene for 48 h. Binary and ternary compounds have been prepared. Products were analysed by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis by X-rays, FT-IR, Raman and vibrating sample magnetometry. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Carmalt, Claire J.,Morrison, Daniel E.,Parkin, Ivan P.
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p. 829 - 833
(2008/10/08)
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- On the crystal structure and magnetic properties of the ternary rare earth compounds RETSb2 with RE ≡ rare earth and T ≡ Ni, Pd, Cu and Au
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Novel compounds RETSb2 have been prepared and characterized for T ≡ Cu (RE ≡ rare earth from La to Lu), Ni (RE ≡ La to Ho), Pd (RE ≡ La to Tb) and Au (RE ≡ La to Sm). From X-ray powder diffraction analyses all compounds were found to crystalliz
- Sologub,Hiebl,Rogl,Noel,Bodak
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p. 153 - 157
(2008/10/08)
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- Solid state phase equilibria in the Ni-Ga-Sb system: experimental and calculated determinations
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Solid state phase equilibria in the ternary Ni-Ga-Sb diagram were established at 600 °C. The experimental techniques used to elaborate the phase equilibria were X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy. A ternary phase with the nominal formula Ni3GaSb (designated as A-phase in the present study) was evidenced. The phase exists over a broad range of homogeneity and exhibits hexagonal symmetry with a disordered structure derivative from NiAs and Ni2In types. Very limited solid solubilities were measured in the constituent binary Ni-Ga and Ni-Sb compounds, with the exception of NiSb which showed a homogeneity range with a Ga-rich limit corresponding to the formula Ni2Ga0.25Sb1.75. The phases GaSb, Ni2Ga3 and substituted NiSb coexist with each other to form a three-phase equilibrium that dominates the GaSb side of the phase diagram. This part of the experimental diagram is in agreement with the calculated one from available experimental thermodynamic data on the Ga-Sb, Ni-Ga and Ni-Sb binaries and with interfacial reaction studies which concluded that Ni2Ga3 and substituted-NiSb are the stable phases when Ni thin films are reacted to completion on GaSb. A comparative study with the Ni-Ga-As and Ni-Al-As phase diagrams is also given which points out that, contrary, to NiGa (NiAl) with GaAs (AlAs), the monogallide NiGa is not in thermodynamic equilibrium with GaSb.
- Clanche, M. C. Le,Deputier, S.,Jegaden, J. C.,Guerin, R.,Ballini, Y.,Guivarc'h, A.
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- Transition Metal Pnictide Synthesis: Self Propagating Reactions Involving Sodium Arsenide, Antimonide and Bismuthide
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Initiation of the reaction between Na3E (E=As, Sb, Bi) and anhydrous metal halides at 25 to 550 deg C produces metal arsenides MxAsy (M = Y, La, Ti, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pt, Cu and Zn) and antimonides MxSby (M = Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Pt, Cu and Zn) via an exothermic selfpropagating reaction.The metal arsenides were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, SEM/EDAX, microanalysis and FT-IR. - Keywords: Metal Arsenide, Sodium Arsenide, Metal Antimonide, Sodium Antimonide, Solid State Methathesis
- Hector, Andrew L.,Parkin, Ivan P.
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p. 477 - 482
(2007/10/02)
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