- Photochemical Amplifier Based on Self-Immolative Dendritic Spacers
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A self-immolative dendritic structure was synthesized. It is based on phenol derivatives with three hydroxymethyl arms at both ortho and para positions of the core unit, potentially releasing up to 27 leaving groups in a third-generation dendrimer. The tr
- Kastrati, Agonist,Bochet, Christian G.
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Read Online
- Selective deprotection of silyl-protected phenols using solid NaOH and a phase transfer catalyst
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Aryl silyl ethers can be deprotected to yield phenols in good to excellent yields using a biphasic system of 10 equivalents of NaOH and catalytic Bu4NHSO4 in 1,4-dioxane. Alkyl silyl ethers prepared using a variety of silyl protecting groups survive under these conditions, allowing selective deprotection of silyl-protected phenols in the presence of silyl- protected alcohols.
- Crouch, R. David,Stieff, Mike,Frie, Jessica L.,Cadwallader, Amy B.,Bevis, Daniel C.
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Read Online
- COMPOUNDS COMPRISING CLEAVABLE LINKER AND USES THEREOF
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Provided are a compound including a cleavable linker, a use thereof, and an intermediate compound for preparing the same, and more particularly, the compound including a cleavable linker of the present invention may include an active agent (for example, a drug, a toxin, a ligand, a probe for detection, etc.) having a specific function or activity, a -S(=0)(=N-)- functional group which is capable of selectively releasing the active agent, and a functional group which triggers a chemical reaction, a physicochemical reaction and/or a biological reaction by external stimulation, and may further include a ligand (for example, oligopeptide, polypeptide, antibody, etc.) having binding specificity for a desired target receptor.
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Page/Page column 175
(2020/09/03)
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- Fluorescent probe for detecting cysteine
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The invention discloses a fluorescent probe for detecting cysteine. According to the invention, the fluorescent probe can identify and distinguish cysteine from various amino acids and some common substances; when the probe acts with Cys, the fluorescence
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Paragraph 0016-0017
(2020/01/25)
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- COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING ENZYME CLEAVABLE LINKER PLATFORMS AND CONJUGATES THEREOF
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The present invention relates to a cleavable linker platform. In particular, the invention relates to construction of an enzyme cleavable linker platform conjugated to a drug or a diagnostically relevant compound, a biomolecule, and an enzyme cleavable group, for which cleavage of the enzyme cleavable group leads to release of the drug or diagnostically relevant compound.
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Page/Page column 72; 73
(2021/01/23)
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- DOUBLE-HEADED PROTEASE INHIBITOR
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The present invention provides a compound that is highly safe and useful in the prevention, alleviation, and/or treatment of various diseases involving enteropeptidase inhibition and/or trypsin inhibition, a pharmaceutical composition containing the compo
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Paragraph 0975
(2020/09/17)
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- ANTICANCER AGENT DELIVERY MOLECULE
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compound which can be used as an anticancer agent targeting a cancer cell that highly expresses Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) or salt thereof. SOLUTION: The present invention provides a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where Ar, R1, R2, L, Z, p, q, *1 and *2 are as defined in the specifications. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2017,JPOandINPIT
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Paragraph 0220-0222
(2017/08/04)
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- LYMPH DIRECTING PRODRUGS
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H:\dar\Interwoven\NRPortbl\DCC\DAR\8230712_1.doc-12/08/2015 Abstract The present invention relates to compounds and their uses, in particular, compounds in the form of prodrugs that promote transport of a pharmaceutical agent to the lymphatic system and subsequently enhance release of the parent drug.
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Page/Page column 85; 86
(2016/02/29)
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- Conformational Constraint of the Glycerol Moiety of Lysophosphatidylserine Affords Compounds with Receptor Subtype Selectivity
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Lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) is an endogenous lipid mediator that specifically activates membrane proteins of the P2Y and its related families of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), GPR34 (LPS1), P2Y10 (LPS2), and GPR174 (LPS3). Here, in order to increase potency and receptor selectivity, we designed and synthesized LysoPS analogues containing the conformational constraints of the glycerol moiety. These reduced structural flexibility by fixation of the glycerol framework of LysoPS using a 2-hydroxymethyl-3-hydroxytetrahydropyran skeleton, and related structures identified compounds which exhibited high potency and selectivity for activation of GPR34 or P2Y10. Morphing of the structural shape of the 2-hydroxymethyl-3-hydroxytetrahydropyran skeleton into a planar benzene ring enhanced the P2Y10 activation potentcy rather than the GPR34 activation.
- Jung, Sejin,Inoue, Asuka,Nakamura, Sho,Kishi, Takayuki,Uwamizu, Akiharu,Sayama, Misa,Ikubo, Masaya,Otani, Yuko,Kano, Kuniyuki,Makide, Kumiko,Aoki, Junken,Ohwada, Tomohiko
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p. 3750 - 3776
(2016/05/19)
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- LYSOPHOSPHATIDYLSERINE DERIVATIVE
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lysophosphatidylserine derivative or salt thereof. SOLUTION: The present invention provides a lysophosphatidylserine derivative or salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition or lysophosphatidylserine receptor function modulator including the compound or salt thereof. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2016,JPOandINPIT
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Paragraph 0239; 0241-0243
(2016/10/07)
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- COMPOUNDS USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF NEOPLASTIC DISEASES
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The present invention refers to compounds of formula: (formula A), wherein R1 is selected from (formula I), (formula II), (formula (III), (formula IV), (formula V), or (formula B), and wherein R2, R3, R4 and Rs
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Page/Page column 23
(2015/04/15)
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- TARGETED THERAPEUTICS
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The present invention provides pharmacological compounds including an effector moiety conjugated to a binding moiety that directs the effector moiety to a biological target of interest. Likewise, the present invention provides compositions, kits, and methods (e.g., therapeutic, diagnostic, and imaging) including the compounds. The compounds can be described as a protein interacting binding moiety-drug conjugate (SDC-TRAP) compounds, which include a protein interacting binding moiety and an effector moiety. For example, in certain embodiments directed to treating cancer, the SDC-TRAP can include an Hsp90 inhibitor conjugated to a cytotoxic agent as the effector moiety.
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Paragraph 00833
(2015/03/28)
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- TARGETED THERAPEUTICS
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The present invention provides pharmacological compounds including an effector moiety conjugated to a binding moiety that directs the effector moiety to a biological target of interest. Likewise, the present invention provides compositions, kits, and methods (e.g., therapeutic, diagnostic, and imaging) including the compounds. The compounds can be described as a protein interacting binding moiety-drug conjugate (SDC-TRAP) compounds, which include a protein interacting binding moiety and an effector moiety. For example, in certain embodiments directed to treating cancer, the SDC-TRAP can include an Hsp90 inhibitor conjugated to a cytotoxic agent as the effector moiety.
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Paragraph 00787; 00788; 00789
(2015/09/28)
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- TARGETED THERAPEUTICS
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The present invention provides pharmacological compounds including an effector moiety conjugated to a binding moiety that directs the effector moiety to a biological target of interest. Likewise, the present invention provides compositions, kits, and methods (e.g., therapeutic, diagnostic, and imaging) including the compounds. The compounds can be described as a protein interacting binding moiety-drug conjugate (SDC-TRAP) compounds, which include a protein interacting binding moiety and an effector moiety. For example, in certain embodiments directed to treating cancer, the SDC-TRAP can include an Hsp90 inhibitor conjugated to a cytotoxic agent as the effector moiety.
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Paragraph 001131
(2016/01/30)
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- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 2-HYDROXY-4-PHENYL-3,4-DIHYDRO-2H-CHROMEN-6-YL-METHANOL AND (R)-FESO-DEACYL
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The present invention regards an improved and industrially advantageous process for the preparation of the 2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl-methanol intermediates, also called “feso chromenyl” and (R)-2-[3-(diisopropylamino)-1-phenylpropyl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol, also called “(R)-feso deacyl”, which are in turn used in the synthesis of fesoterodine and in particular of fesoterodine fumarate. This process utilises reagents which are non-toxic and manageable at industrial level and enables obtaining a new stable and non-hygroscopic crystalline form of the key intermediate “(R)-feso deacyl”, called form B.
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Paragraph 0073
(2013/04/10)
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- New bis-thiazolium analogues as potential antimalarial agents: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation
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Bis-thiazolium salts are able to inhibit phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in Plasmodium and to block parasite proliferation in the low nanomolar range. However, due to their physicochemical properties (i.e., permanent cationic charges, the flexibility, and lipophilic character of the alkyl chain), the oral bioavailability of these compounds is low. New series of bis-thiazolium-based drugs have been designed to overcome this drawback. They feature linker rigidification via the introduction of aromatic rings and/or a decrease in the overall lipophilicity through the introduction of heteroatoms. On the basis of the structure-activity relationships, a few of the promising compounds (9, 10, and 11) were found to exhibit potent antimalarial in vitro and in vivo activities (EC50 50 ip 0.7 mg/kg).
- Caldarelli, Sergio A.,El Fangour, Siham,Wein, Sharon,Tran Van Ba, Christophe,Périgaud, Christian,Pellet, Alain,Vial, Henri J.,Peyrottes, Suzanne
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p. 496 - 509
(2013/04/23)
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- TARGETED THERAPEUTICS
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The present invention provides pharmacological compounds including an effector moiety conjugated to a binding moiety that directs the effector moiety to a biological target of interest. Likewise, the present invention provides compositions, kits, and methods (e.g., therapeutic, diagnostic, and imaging) including the compounds. The compounds can be described as a protein interacting binding moiety-drug conjugate (SDC-TRAP) compounds, which include a protein interacting binding moiety and an effector moiety. For example, in certain embodiments directed to treating cancer, the SDC-TRAP can include an Hsp90 inhibitor conjugated to a cytotoxic agent as the effector moiety.
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Paragraph 00781; 00782; 00783
(2013/11/05)
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- Development of a new enzyme-responsive self-immolative spacer conjugate applicable to the controlled drug release
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A new self-immolative spacer conjugate based on a chemical adaptor unit aiming at controlled releasing drugs was designed and synthesized. It releases a fluorophore which was used as a model drug via a spontaneous cyclization mechanism after cleavage of an enzyme substrate. This system was proved to be stable under physiological conditions and only decomposed triggered by enzyme. It provides a generic linkage allowing connection of a variety of drugs and targeted devices to the chemical adaptor.
- Jin, Hui-Juan,Lu, Jing,Wu, Xue
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experimental part
p. 3465 - 3469
(2012/08/08)
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- Chemoselective deprotection of aryl tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers promoted by phosphates
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A facile protocol to the chemoselective deprotection of aryl t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) ethers using Na3PO4 ? 12H2O as promoter is described. From aryl TBDMS ethers to the corresponding phenols, the TBDMS group could be cleaved in the presence of 0.5 equivalent of Na3PO4 ? 12H2O in dimethylformamide at room temperature with good to excellent yields in the presence of other common protecting and functional groups. K3PO 4 ? 3H2O was also found to be useful for the selective deprotection reaction. This is, to our knowledge, the first report on chemoselective deprotection of aryl TBDMS ethers using phosphates. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Yan, Lin,Zhao, Fangli,Gan, Yin,Zhao, Jin,Jiang, Zhiyong
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experimental part
p. 285 - 291
(2011/11/06)
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- An efficient and chemoselective deprotection of tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) ethers using tailor-made ionic liquid
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Phenolic tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) ethers can be deprotected to yield phenols in excellent yield using tailor-made ionic liquid [dihexaEGim][OMs] (dihexaEGim = dihexaethylene glycolic imidazolium salt) as an organic catalyst with alkali-metal fluoride in tert-amyl alcohol. On the contrary, all TBDMS protecting groups can be cleaved cleanly from the bis-TBDMS ether using the same reaction in CH3CN solvent instead of tert-alcohol at 100 °C. This [dihexaEGim][OMs]/tert-amyl alcohol media system allows the highly selective phenolic deprotection reaction of various bis-TBDMS ethers containing both phenolic and aliphatic TBDMS ethers to provide the corresponding phenols in high yield.
- Jadhav, Vinod H.,Lee, Sang Bong,Jeong, Hwan-Jeong,Lim, Seok Tae,Sohn, Myung-Hee,Kim, Dong Wook
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2051 - 2053
(2012/07/14)
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- A mild, efficient, and selective deprotection of tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) ethers using dicationic ionic liquid as a catalyst
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Selective deprotection of alkyl TBDMS ether in the presence of phenolic TBDMS ether using dicationic ionic liquid [tetraEG(mim)2][OMs] 2 as a homogeneous catalyst showed significant catalytic activity in methanol at ambient temperature to produce respective alcohol in excellent yield. The present environmentally benign catalytic system is found to be very convenient, fast, high yielding, and clean method for selective desilylation of alkyl silyl ethers even in the existence of other sensitive organic functional groups such as aldehyde, methoxy, and acetate were also achieved.
- Jadhav, Arvind H.,Kim, Hern
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p. 5338 - 5342
(2012/11/07)
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- Synthesis of phenols via fluoride-free oxidation of arylsilanes and arylmethoxysilanes
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Rapid, efficient methods have been developed to prepare phenols from the oxidation of arylhydrosilanes. The effects of arene substituents and fluoride promoters on this process show that while electron-deficient arenes can undergo direct oxidation from the hydrosilane, electron-rich aromatics benefit from silane activation via oxidation to the methoxysilane using homogeneous or heterogeneous transition metal catalysis. The combination of these two oxidations into a streamlined flow procedure involving minimal processing of reaction intermediates is also reported.
- Rayment, Elizabeth J.,Summerhill, Nick,Anderson, Edward A.
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p. 7052 - 7060
(2012/10/07)
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- Modular assembly of macrocyclic organo-peptide hybrids using synthetic and genetically encoded precursors
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Mix, click, cyclize: Conformationally constrained organo-peptide hybrids can be constructed by a tandem chemoselective reaction between a synthetic molecule and a recombinant protein. Diverse macrocyclic structures were obtained in cyclic, lariat, and protein-tethered configurations by varying the nature of the synthetic and biosynthetic precursors. Copyright
- Smith, Jessica M.,Vitali, Francesca,Archer, Steven A.,Fasan, Rudi
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 5075 - 5080
(2011/06/28)
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- Design and synthesis of an ER-specific fluorescent probe based on carboxylesterase activity with quinone methide cleavage process
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CEs are important enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of prodrugs. In this Letter, we present a new mechanistic ER-specific fluorescent probe 1 based on CE activity. Permeation of 1 into cells and subsequent hydrolytic activation by CEs causes spontaneou
- Hakamata, Wataru,MacHida, Aki,Oku, Tadatake,Nishio, Toshiyuki
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scheme or table
p. 3206 - 3209
(2011/07/07)
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- THIOETHER PRODRUG COMPOSITIONS AS ANTI-HIV AND ANTI-RETROVIRAL AGENTS
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Disclosed are inhibitors of retroviral growth of formula (I), that are useful in treatment of retroviral infections such as HIV. Also disclosed are a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and at least one compound or salt of the invention, a method for inactivating a virus, a method for dissociating a metal ion from a zinc finger-containing protein, and a method for inhibiting the transmission of a virus.
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Page/Page column 28
(2012/01/05)
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- A mild and efficient method for the selective deprotection of silyl ethers using KF in the presence of tetraethylene glycol
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A mild and efficient protocol for the deprotection of silyl ethers using KF in tetraethylene glycol is reported. A wide range of alcoholic silyl ethers can be selectively cleaved in high yield in the presence of certain acid- and base-labile functional groups. Moreover, the phenolic silyl ethers were cleaved exclusively, without affecting the alcoholic silyl ethers, at room temperature. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011.
- Yan, Hailong,Oh, Joong-Suk,Song, Choong Eui
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 8119 - 8121
(2012/01/04)
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- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 2 -HYDROXY- 4 -PHENYL -3, 4 -DIHYDRO-2H-CHROMEN- 6 -YL -METHANOL AND (R) - FESO - DEACYL
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The present invention regards an improved and industrially advantageous process for the preparation of the 2-hyaroxy-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl-methanol intermediates, also called "feso chromenyl" and (R)-2-[3-(diisopropylamino)-l- phenylpropyl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol, also called "(R)-feso deacyl", which are in turn used in the synthesis of fesoterodine and in particular of fesoterodine furnarate. This process utilises reagents which are non-toxic and manageable at industrial level and enables obtaining a new stable and non-hygroscopic crystalline form of the key intermediate "(R)-feso deacyl", called form B.
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Page/Page column 17-18
(2012/01/05)
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- Arylsilane oxidation - New routes to hydroxylated aromatics
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An efficient route to hydroxylated aromatics has been developed, via the oxidation of aryl organosilanes under functional group-tolerant and relatively mild conditions, using sub-stoichiometric amounts of fluoride promoters.
- Bracegirdle, Sonia,Anderson, Edward A.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 3454 - 3456
(2010/07/16)
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- Selective cleavage of phenolic tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers using simple organic nitrogen bases
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Simple organic nitrogen bases, such as Et3N, pyridine, DBU, etc., were found to be convenient and useful reagents for deprotection of TBDMS groups on acidic hydroxyl groups. The efficiency of these bases has an apparent order: 1° amine > 2° amine > 3° amine and aliphatic base > aromatic base. In aqueous DMSO and at room temperature, phenolic TBDMS ethers were removed selectively in the presence of alcoholic TBDMS ethers. And catalytic base can make these reactions complete. This method is high-yielding, fast, clean, safe and cost-effective.
- Zhu, Jian Rong,Xue, Ji Jun,Li, Wen Ze,Chen, Xue Song,Li, Ying
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experimental part
p. 273 - 276
(2010/12/19)
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- A cascade biodegradable polymer based on alternating cyclization and elimination reactions
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Polymers that depolymerize by a cascade of intramolecular reactions in response to the removal of a stabilizing end-cap can allow for an unprecedented degree of control over the polymer degradation process. Described here is the development of polymers co
- DeWit, Matthew A.,Gillies, Elizabeth R.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 18327 - 18334
(2010/04/24)
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- Practical, environment-benign and atom economic KOAc-catalysed deprotection of aryl TIPS ethers under mild fluoride-free conditions
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A KOAc-catalysed, fluoride-free protocol not only effects chemoselective deprotection of phenolic TIPS ethers without affecting acetal, ketal, carbamate, O-acetyl and aliphatic silyl ethers, but also improves its atom economy by recycling the silanol byproduct.
- Wang, Bing,Sun, Hui-Xia,Chen, Bo,Sun, Zhi-Hua
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1112 - 1114
(2010/04/23)
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- Reductive deprotection of propargyl ether by a SmI2-amine-water system and its application to polymer-supported oligosaccharide synthesis
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A SmI2-amine-water system instantaneously deprotected aryl and alkyl propargyl ethers in a reductive manner. The utility of the propargyl group as a protecting group in oligosaccharide synthesis, and its application to polymer-supported oligosaccharide synthesis is described.
- Manabe, Shino,Ueki, Akiharu,Ito, Yukishige
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p. 5159 - 5161
(2008/12/20)
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- DBU-mediated mild and chemoselective deprotection of aryl silyl ethers and tandem biaryl ether formation
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An efficient method for the selective cleavage of aryl silyl ethers is established using 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). With either 1.0 or 0.10 equivalent of DBU, smooth desilylation of various aryl silyl ethers was accomplished selectively in the presence of alkyl silyl ethers and other base-sensitive groups such as acetate and ester. In addition, direct transformation of aryl silyl ethers into biaryl ethers using a catalytic amount of DBU was possible through tandem desilylation and SNAr reaction with activated aryl fluorides. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Yeom, Chang-Eun,Kim, Hye Won,Lee, So Young,Kim, B. Moon
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p. 146 - 150
(2008/03/13)
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- Macrocyclic analogs for the treatment of immunoregulatory disorders and respiratory diseases
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Disclosed are compounds of the Formula I and diastereomers, tautomers, solvates, metabolites, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein X, A, L and Y are as defined herein. Such compounds are useful in the treatment of immunoregulatory and respiratory diseases in mammals. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds in the treatment of immunoregulatory and respiratory diseases in mammals and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.
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Page/Page column 27
(2008/06/13)
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- A facile and catalytic method for selective deprotection of tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers with copper(II) bromide
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Copper(II) bromide is found to be a simple and efficient catalyst for selective deprotection of tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers of alcohols/phenols at ambient temperature. Various labile functional groups such as ketal, alkene, ketone, OTBDPS, OTHP and allyl and benzyl ethers are found to be compatible under the reaction conditions.
- Bhatt, Suchitra,Nayak, Sandip K.
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p. 8395 - 8399
(2007/10/03)
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- 2-Arylallyl as a new protecting group for amines, amides and alcohols
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Amines, amides and ethers containing 2-arylallyl groups are selectively and easily deprotected with tert-butyllithium. This transformation probably involves a carbolithiation reaction of the styrenyl moiety followed by a β-elimination process. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2005.
- Barluenga, Jose,Fananas, Francisco J.,Sanz, Roberto,Marcos, Cesar,Ignacio, Jose M.
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p. 933 - 935
(2007/10/03)
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- A mild, efficient and selective cleavage of aryl tert-butyldimethysilyl ethers using KOH in ethanol
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An efficient and selective method for the deprotection of aryl tert-butyldimethysilyl (TBS) ethers is described. The protecting group TBS could be cleaved from aryl silyl ethers in the prensence of alkyl TBS ethers using KOH in ethanol at room temperature to give the corresponding phenols in excellent yields (87-99%).
- Jiang, Zhi-Yong,Wang, Yan-Guang
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p. 568 - 569
(2007/10/03)
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- A novel and convenient chemoselective deprotection method for both silyl and acetyl groups on acidic hydroxyl groups such as phenol and carboxylic acid by using a nitrogen organic base, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine
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(Matrix presented) 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylguanidine (TMG)1, a nitrogen organic base, is a convenient and useful reagent for chemoselective deprotection of both silyl and acetyl groups on acidic hydroxyl groups such as phenol and carboxylic acid without affecting aliphatic silyl and acetyl groups. The chemoselectivity is dependent on the acidity of the hydroxyl group.
- Oyama, Kin-Ichi,Kondo, Tadao
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p. 209 - 212
(2007/10/03)
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- A mild, efficient and selective deprotection of t-butyldimethylsilyl-protected phenols using cesium carbonate
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A mild and efficient method for the deprotection of aryl t-butyldimethysilyl (TBS) ethers is described. The protecting group TBS could be cleaved from aryl silyl ethers using cesium carbonate in DMF-H2O at room temperature to give the corresponding phenols in excellent yields. The reaction conditions allowed selective deprotection of aryl TBS-protected phenols in the presence of TBS, phenyloxycarbonyl or tetrahydropyranyl-protected alcohols.
- Jiang, Zhi-Yong,Wang, Yan-Guang
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p. 3859 - 3861
(2007/10/03)
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- Selective removal of phenolic and alcoholic silyl ethers
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Potassium carbonate/Kriptofix 222 and pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate or BF3-etherate have been found to remove the tert-butyldimethylsilyl group from phenolic and alcoholic silyl ethers, respectively. This methodology should find wide applicability in complex organic synthesis.
- Prakash, Chandra,Saleh, Samir,Blair, Lan A.
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p. 7565 - 7568
(2007/10/02)
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- Tetralin esters of phenols or benzoic acids having retinoid like activity
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Retinoid-like activity is exhibited by compounds of the formula STR1 where the R groups are independently hydrogen, or lower alkyl; A is --C(O)O--, --OC(O)--, --C(O)S--, or --SC(O)--; n is 0-5; and Z is H, --COB where B is --OH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or B is --OR 1 where R 1 is an ester-forming group, or B is --N(R) 2 where R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, or Z is --OE where E is hydrogen or an ether-forming group or --COR 2 where R 2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, phenyl or lower alkyl phenyl, or Z is --CHO or an acetal derivative thereof, or Z is --COR 3 where R 3 is --(CH 2) m CH 3 where m is 0-4 and the sum of n and m does not exceed 4.
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