- A small molecule inhibitor of PCSK9 that antagonizes LDL receptor binding via interaction with a cryptic PCSK9 binding groove
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Proprotein convertase (PC) subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibits the clearance of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from plasma by directly interacting with the LDL receptor (LDLR). As the interaction promotes elevated plasma LDL cholesterol levels and a predisposition to cardiovascular disease (CVD), it has attracted much interest as a therapeutic target. While anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies have been successful in the treatment of hypercholesteremia by decreasing CVD risk, their high cost and a requirement for injection have prohibited widespread use. The advent of an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of the PCSK9-LDLR interaction is an attractive alternative, however efforts have been tempered as the binding interface is unfavourable for binding by small organic molecules. Despite its challenging nature, we report herein the discovery of compound 3f as a small molecule inhibitor of PCSK9. The kinase inhibitor nilotinib emerged from a computational screen that was applied to identify compounds that may bind to a cryptic groove within PCSK9 and proximal to the LDLR-binding interface. A subsequent in vitro PCSK9-LDLR binding assay established that nilotinib was a bona fide but modest inhibitor of the interaction (IC50 = 9.8 μM). Through multiple rounds of medicinal chemistry, 3f emerged as a lead-like molecule by demonstrating disruption of the PCSK9-LDLR interaction at nanomolar levels in vitro (IC50 = 537 nM) with no inhibitory activity (IC50 > 10 μM) against a small panel of kinases. Compound 3f restored LDL uptake by liver cells at sub-micromolar levels and demonstrated excellent bioavailability when delivered subcutaneously in mice. Most significantly, compound 3f lowered total cholesterol levels in the plasma of wild-type mice, thereby providing proof-of-concept that the notion of a small molecule inhibitor against PCSK9 is therapeutically viable.
- Bonnar, James,Dixon, Ian,Evison, Benny J.,Kelly, Graham E.,Kumar, Sanjay,Lambert, Gilles,Nativel, Brice,Palmer, James T.,Parmar, Jasneet,Rathi, Anuj Kumar,Suchowerska, Alexandra K.,Tang, Wei,Teng, Yanfen,Treutlein, Herbert,Wang, Jie,Xu, Yanfeng,Zeng, Jun,Zhu, Qing,Chemello, Kévin
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- PYRIMIDINE COMPOUND AND PHARMACEUTICAL USE THEREOF
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Provided are a pyrimidine compound represented by Formula 1, a method of preparing the same, and a pharmaceutical use of the pyrimidine compound for the prevention or treatment of cancer.
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Paragraph 0297-0299
(2019/02/13)
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- Pyrimidine compounds and pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cancers comprising the same
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The present invention relates to a pyrimidine compound having excellent FLT3 inhibitory activity, and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a cancer, including the same. The pyrimidine compound is represented by chemical formula 14, wherein the pyrimidine compound is selected from a stereoisomer, a tautomer, a solvate, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In the chemical formula 14, E^a is hydrogen, hydroxy or C_(1-4) alkoxy, and E^b is hydrogen, halogen, C_(1-4) alkyl or C_(1-4) fluoroalkyl.COPYRIGHT KIPO 2019
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- HETEROCYCLIC INHIBITORS OF PCSK9
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This application relates to chemical compounds which may act as inhibitors of, or which may otherwise modulate the activity of, PCSK9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, prodrug or polymorph thereof, and to compositions and formulations comprising such compounds, and methods of using and making such compounds. Compounds include compounds of Formula (I): (I) wherein A, D and Q are described herein.
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Page/Page column 110; 111
(2018/10/24)
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- Switchable 3D networks by light controlled π-stacking of azobenzene macrocycles
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Azobenzene macrocycles were designed for switchable π-stacking interaction. After efficient preparation and characterization of azobenzene macrocycles containing electron rich as well as electron poor elements a dimeric analogue was synthesized, which formed reversibly 3D-networks. Gel formation was observed with aromatic solvents representing the first example of this type based on switchable azobenzene macrocycles. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Reuter, Raphael,Wegner, Hermann A.
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p. 146 - 148
(2013/02/23)
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- Synthesis and isomerization studies of cyclotrisazobiphenyl
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We report an efficient synthesis of cyclotris[(E)-3′-(biphenyl-3- yldiazenyl)] compounds (CTBs). An unsubstituted CTB molecule is accessible in four steps in 10% yield overall, whereas a hexa(methoxymethyl ether) CTB analogue was prepared in nine steps (26% yield). The final macrocyclization step was accomplished in up to 80% yield by using a metal-template effect. Furthermore, the photochromic properties were investigated, and all four isomers were detected and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. A strong influence from the solvent and the irradiation wavelength on the switching process was observed. Irradiation in pyridine yielded the highest amount of the all-Z isomer in the photostationary state. For a full conversion to the all-E isomer, the reaction has to be heated to 45°C. The isomerization to the all-E isomer is slow at room temperature, with a half-life time of the all-Z isomer of more than nine days in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Conditions were established to access each possible isomer as the major component in the photostationary state.
- Reuter, Raphael,Wegner, Hermann A.
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p. 2987 - 2995
(2011/05/05)
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- 2 -ARYLAMINOQUINAZOLINES FOR TREATING PROLIFERATIVE DISEASES
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The invention provides novel compounds that are inhibitors of PDKI. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions including the compounds, and methods of treating proliferative diseases, such as cancers, with the compounds or composition.
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Page/Page column 192-193
(2010/01/12)
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- NK-1 AND SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER INHIBITORS
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The invention encompasses compounds of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, their pharmaceutical compositions, and their use in treating disorders associated with an excess or imbalance of tachykinins or serotonin or both.
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Page/Page column 90
(2010/11/28)
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- SULFONYL-SUBSTITUTED ARYL COMPOUNDS AS MODULATORS OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTORS
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Compounds as modulators of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and methods of treating disease using the same are disclosed.
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Page/Page column 34
(2008/06/13)
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- Aryl sulfonamide and sulfonyl compounds as modulators of PPAR and methods of treating metabolic disorders
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Aryl sulfonamide and sulfonyl compounds as modulators of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and methods of treating disease using the same are disclosed.
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Page/Page column 96
(2010/02/14)
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- Solvophobically driven π-stacking of phenylene ethynylene macrocycles and oligomers
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Phenylene ethynylene macrocycles and oligomers with three different side-chain linking groups (ester, benzyl ether, and phenyl ether) were synthesized to investigate their tendency to undergo solvent induced π-stacked organization. 1H NMR, UV, and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to probe two types of π-stacked supramolecular organizations: the intramolecular conformational ordering of the oligomers, and the intermolecular aggregation of the macrocycles. One important conclusion is that solvent can play a very dramatic role in modulating the strength of the interactions that drive the association of these π-stacked structures. The other important conclusion is that in a given solvent, the nature of the side chain linking group strongly influences the π-stacking propensities. It was found that macrocycles and oligomers with the ester side chain linking group were prone to adopt π-stacked structures in a range of solvents, whereas the corresponding macrocycles with benzyl ether and phenyl ether side chain linking groups showed only limited ability to π-stack, even in the most polar solvent examined (DMSO). In the interest of manipulating the helix-coil folding transition of phenylene ethynylene oligomers, a heterosequence consisting of monomers with ester and benzyl ether side chain linkages was synthesized. The folding transition of the heterooligomer was intermediate to that observed for the corresponding homooligomers, suggesting that the backbone sequence can be used to tune the stability of conformations that are based on π-stacked organizations.
- Lahiri,Thompson,Moore
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p. 11315 - 11319
(2007/10/03)
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