- Herbicidal Ionic Liquids Containing the Acetylcholine Cation
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This study presents a new group of herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) based on a cation occurs commonly in nature?acetylcholine. The HILs were obtained with a high yield through ion exchange between acetylcholine chloride and potassium or sodium salts of selected acids with herbicidal activity. The results of the herbicidal activity measurement against common oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) exceeded those of the commercial products. Spray solutions of the synthesized HILs revealed high surface activity and wetting properties which further manifested as higher herbicidal activity. The reduction of surface tension and low contact angles together with the specific action of acetylcholine allowed for better penetration of synthesized HILs into plant tissues. In addition, OECD 301F tests confirmed high mineralization of the HILs. The simple transformation of commercial herbicides into acetylcholine HILs proved to be a very effective method of increasing their activity, and constitutes an interesting solution to the problem of weed infestation with the use of a substance commonly found in nature.
- Czuryszkiewicz, Daria,Ma?kowiak, Adam,Marcinkowska, Katarzyna,Borkowski, Andrzej,Chrzanowski, ?ukasz,Pernak, Juliusz
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- Preparation method of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and salt thereof
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The invention provides a preparation method of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and a salt thereof, wherein the preparation method includes the following steps: S1) carrying out a reaction of phenol andchloracetic ester under alkaline conditions to obtain phenoxyacetic ester; S2) carrying out selective chlorination reaction of the phenoxyacetic ester with a chlorinating agent under the action of acatalyst A and a catalyst B to obtain 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic ester, wherein the catalyst A is Lewis acid, and the catalyst B is C5-22 thioethers, thiazoles, isothiazoles and thiophenes or halogenated derivatives thereof; and S3) carrying out hydrolysis reaction of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic ester under acidic conditions to obtain 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; or after 2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticester is obtained, carrying out an alkaline hydrolysis reaction with an alkaline compound to obtain 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate. The production and use of 2,4-dichlorophenol with unpleasant odor are avoided, the production of dioxins is eliminated, the yield of products is improved, and the output of three wastes is greatly reduced.
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Paragraph 0127; 0130; 0131; 0134; 0135; 0138
(2019/01/06)
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