- 1-Aryl-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)ureas as potentially irreversible glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors: Synthesis and biological evaluation
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Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3)has become known for its multifactorial involvement in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, a benzothiazole- and benzimidazole set of 1-aryl-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)ureas were synthesised as proposed Cys199-targeted covalent inhibitors of GSK-3β, through the incorporation of an electrophilic warhead onto their ring scaffolds. The nitrile-substituted benzimidazolylurea 2b (IC50 = 0.086 ± 0.023 μM)and halomethylketone-substituted benzimidazolylurea 9b (IC50 = 0.13 ± 0.060 μM)displayed high GSK-3β inhibitory activity, in comparison to reference inhibitor AR-A014418 (1, IC50 = 0.072 ± 0.043)in our assay. The results suggest further investigation of 2b and 9b as potential covalent inhibitors of GSK-3β, since a targeted interaction might provide improved kinase-selectivity.
- Venter, Jana,Perez, Concepción,van Otterlo, Willem A.L.,Martínez, Ana,Blackie, Margaret A.L.
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p. 1597 - 1600
(2019/05/02)
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- Identification, structure modification, and characterization of potential small-molecule SGK3 inhibitors with novel scaffolds
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The serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK) family has been implicated in the regulation of many cellular processes downstream of the PI3K pathway. It plays a crucial role in PI3K-mediated tumorigenesis, making it a potential therapeutic target for cancer. SGK family consists of three isoforms (SGK1, SGK2, and SGK3), which have high sequence homology in the kinase domain and similar substrate specificity with the AKT family. In order to identify novel compounds capable of inhibiting SGK3 activity, a high-throughput screening campaign against 50,400 small molecules was conducted using a fluorescence-based kinase assay that has a Z' factor above 0.5. It identified 15 hits (including nitrogen-containing aromatic, flavone, hydrazone, and naphthalene derivatives) with IC50 values in the low micromolar to sub-micromolar range. Four compounds with a similar scaffold (i.e., a hydrazone core) were selected for structural modification and 18 derivatives were synthesized. Molecular modeling was then used to investigate the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and potential protein–ligand interactions. As a result, a series of SGK inhibitors that are active against both SGK1 and SGK3 were developed and important functional groups that control their inhibitory activity identified.
- Gong, Grace Qun,Wang, Ke,Dai, Xin-Chuan,Zhou, Yan,Basnet, Rajesh,Chen, Yi,Yang, De-Hua,Lee, Woo-Jeong,Buchanan, Christina Maree,Flanagan, Jack Urquhart,Shepherd, Peter Robin,Chen, Ying,Wang, Ming-Wei
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p. 1902 - 1912
(2018/07/31)
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- A Ratiometric Acoustogenic Probe for in Vivo Imaging of Endogenous Nitric Oxide
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Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging imaging modality that utilizes optical excitation and acoustic detection to enable high resolution at centimeter depths. The development of activatable PA probes can expand the utility of this technology to allow for detection of specific stimuli within live-animal models. Herein, we report the design, development, and evaluation of a series of Acoustogenic Probe(s) for Nitric Oxide (APNO) for the ratiometric, analyte-specific detection of nitric oxide (NO) in vivo. The best probe in the series, APNO-5, rapidly responds to NO to form an N-nitroso product with a concomitant 91 nm hypsochromic shift. This property enables ratiometric PA imaging upon selective irradiation of APNO-5 and the corresponding product, tAPNO-5. Moreover, APNO-5 displays the requisite photophysical characteristics for in vivo PA imaging (e.g., high absorptivity, low quantum yield) as well as high biocompatibility, stability, and selectivity for NO over a variety of biologically relevant analytes. APNO-5 was successfully applied to the detection of endogenous NO in a murine lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation model. Our studies show a 1.9-fold increase in PA signal at 680 nm and a 1.3-fold ratiometric turn-on relative to a saline control.
- Reinhardt, Christopher J.,Zhou, Effie Y.,Jorgensen, Michael D.,Partipilo, Gina,Chan, Jefferson
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supporting information
p. 1011 - 1018
(2018/02/07)
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- 4-(Benzoimidazol-2-yl)-thiazole Compounds and Related Aza Derivatives
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The invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) wherein ring A, X, (R1)n, R2, R3, R4, R4′, R5, n, and p are as described in the description; to pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and to the use of such compounds as medicaments, especially as modulators of the CXCR3 receptor.
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Paragraph 0768; 0855
(2015/01/06)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new aryl thiosemicarbazone as antichagasic candidates
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The present work reports on the synthesis, biological assaying and docking studies of a series of 12 aryl thiosemicarbazones, which were planned to act over two main enzymes, cruzain and trypanothione reductase. These enzymes are used as targets of trypanocidal activity in Chagas disease control with a minimal mutagenic profile. Three p-nitroaromatic thiosemicarbazones showed high activity against Trypanosoma cruzi in in vitro assays (IC50 57 μM), and no mutagenic profile was observed in micronucleous tests. Although the in vitro inhibition test showed that 10-μM doses of eight compounds inhibited cruzain activity, no correlation was found between cruzain inhibition and trypanocidal activity.
- Blau, Lorena,Menegon, Renato Farina,Trossini, Gustavo H. G.,Molino, Jo?o Vitor Dutra,Vital, Drielli Gomes,Cicarelli, Regina Maria Barretto,Passerini, Gabriela Duó,Bosquesi, Priscila Longhin,Chin, Chung Man
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p. 142 - 151
(2013/10/01)
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- 4-(BENZOIMIDAZOL-2-YL)-THIAZOLE COMPOUNDS AND RELATED AZA DERIVATIVES
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The invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) wherein ring A, X, (R1)n, R2, R3, R4, R4', R5, n, and p are as described in the description; to pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and to the use of such compounds as medicaments, especially as modulators of the CXCR3 receptor.
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Page/Page column 103; 120
(2013/08/15)
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- 5-Acetyl-2-arylbenzimidazoles as antiviral agents. Part 4
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Within a project aimed at discovering new Flaviviridae inhibitors, new variously substituted 2-phenylbenzimidazoles were synthesized and evaluated in cell-based assays for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against viruses representatives of the three genera of the Flaviviridae family, i.e.: Pestivirus (BVDV), Flavivirus (YFV) and Hepacivirus (HCV). Title compounds were also tested against RNA viruses representative of other single-stranded, positive-sense (ssRNA+) negative-sense (RNA-), or double-stranded (dsRNA) genomes, as well as against representatives of two DNA virus families. Nine compounds showed activity against BVDV (EC50 = 0.8-8.0 μM), compound 31 being the most potent (EC50 = 0.80 μM) and selective (SI = CC50/EC50 = >100). When tested in an HCV replicon assay, compound 31 resulted again the most potent, displaying an EC50 value of 1.11 μM and an SI of 100. Besides inhibiting BVDV, two compounds (35 and 38) showed a moderate activity also against YFV (EC 50 = 13 μM). Interestingly, 35 was moderately active also against RSV (EC50 = 25 μM).
- Vitale, Gabriella,Corona, Paola,Loriga, Mario,Carta, Antonio,Paglietti, Giuseppe,Giliberti, Gabriele,Sanna, Giuseppina,Farci, Pamela,Marongiu, Maria Elena,La Colla, Paolo
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scheme or table
p. 83 - 97
(2012/08/08)
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- 11-PHENYL-DIBENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVES AS RXR-ANTAGONISTS
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The present invention relates to novel benzodiazepine compounds exhibiting RXR-antagonist efficacy, for delaying progression of, preventing or treating a condition or disease being associated with RXR-antagonism, in particular selected from diabetes, comp
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- Zinc Mediated Friedel-Crafts Acylation in Solvent-Free Conditions under Microwave Irradiation
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Zn powder is found to catalyze the Friedel-Crafts acylation of aromatic compounds with acyl halides efficiently under microwave irradiation in solvent-free conditions. Activated substrates undergo acylation predominantly at the para-position. The Zn powder can be re-used up to six times after simple washing with diethyl ether and dilute HCl.
- Paul, Satya,Nanda, Puja,Gupta, Rajive,Loupy, Andre
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p. 2877 - 2881
(2007/10/03)
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- Structure-activity relationship of 2-[[(2-Pyridyl)methyl]thio]-1H- benzimidazoles as anti Helicobacter pylori agents in vitro and evaluation of their in vivo efficacy
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A relationship between the structure of 21 2-[[(2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]- 1H-benzimidazoles (6) and their anti Helicobacter pylori activity expressed as minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values is described. Observed MBCs ranged from 256 to 1 μg/mL. The structure - activity relationship (SAR) showed that larger and more lipophilic compounds, especially compounds with such substituents in the 4-position of the pyridyl moiety, generally had lower MBC values. Four new compounds 'that were predicted to be potent by the established SAR model were synthesized and tested. One such compound, i.e., 2-[[(4-[(cyclopropylmethyl)oxy]3-methyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]-1H- benzimidazole (18), was tested for in vivo efficacy in a mouse Helicobacter felis model (125 μmol/kg bid given orally for 4 days, n = 4). Unfortunately, antibacterial activity could not be clearly demonstrated in this model. Instead a potent acid secretion inhibition was observed. This finding was attributed to the methylthio compound being oxidized to the corresponding methyl sulfinyl derivative, i.e., a proton pump inhibitor, in vivo. Although the antibacterial activity had the potential of decreasing H. felis cell counts in vivo the proton pump inhibitory effect became dominant and actually promoted H. felis cell growth. Hence, we conclude that the antibacterial utility of the 2-[[(2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]1H-benzimidazoles (6) as a compound class is compromised by their propensity to become proton pump inhibitors upon metabolic oxidation in vivo.
- Kühler, Thomas C.,Swanson, Marianne,Shcherbuchin, Vladimir,Larsson, H?kan,Mellg?rd, Bj?rn,Sj?str?m, Jan-Eric
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p. 1777 - 1788
(2007/10/03)
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- 1,2,3-Triazolo [1,5-a][1,4]- and 1,2,3-triazolo[l,5-a]-[1,5]benzodiazepine derivatives: Synthesis and benzodiazepine receptor binding
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This paper reports the synthesis of new 1,2,3-triazolo[1,4]benzodiazepine and 1,2,3-triazolo[1,5]benzodiazepine derivatives and their evaluation toward benzodiazepine receptors. Receptor affinity gradually and remarkably increases by moving the nitrogen atom of the central ring from position 3 through 4 to position 5, to give the most effective compound 6a (K(i) = 150 nM). N-methylation of the diazepine ring (7a) lowers receptorial binding. Introduction of a chlorine atom on the benzene ring doubles the K(i) value (6b) which remains unaltered by the N-methylation (7b).
- Bertelli, Lucia,Biagi, Giuliana,Giorgi, Irene,Livi, Oreste,Manera, Clementina,Scartoni, Valerio,Martini, Claudia,Giannaccini, Gino,Trincavelli, Letizia,Barili, Pier Luigi
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p. 305 - 311
(2007/10/03)
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- Syntheses of Methyl 5(6)-Acyl-, Aroyl- and &β-Aroylethylbenzimidazole-2-carbamates and Related Compounds as Possible Anthelmintics
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Various methyl 5(6)-acyl-, aroyl- and β-aroylethylbenzimidazole-2-carbamates and related compounds have been synthesized and evaluated for their anthelmintic activity against A. ceylanicum in hamsters, N. brasiliensis in rats, H. nana in mice and L. carin
- Niwas, Shri,Kumar, Shiv,Bhaduri, A. P.
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p. 574 - 577
(2007/10/02)
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- Antiviral thiazolinyl benzimidazoles
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Certain thiazolinyl or thiazinyl ketobenzimidazole compounds and derivatives thereof are useful as antiviral agents.
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- Carbonyl-substituted 1-sulfonylbenzimidazoles
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Certain carbonyl-substituted-1-sulfonylbenzimidazole compounds are useful as antiviral agents.
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