- Engineering an Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Kluyveromyces polyspora for Efficient Synthesis of Ibrutinib Intermediate
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(S)-N-Boc-3-hydroxypiperidine [(S)-NBHP] is a key intermediate for the synthesis of mantle cell lymphoma drug, ibrutinib. Here, KpADH, an alcohol dehydrogenase from Kluyveromyces polyspora, exhibits evolutionary potential in the asymmetric reduction of N-Boc-3-piperidone (NBPO) to (S)-NBHP. By screening key residues in substrate binding pocket of KpADH, an excellent variant Y127W was obtained with 6-fold improved activity of 119.3 U mg?1, 1.8-fold enhanced half-life of 147 h and strict S-stereoselectivity (>99% ee). When catalyzed by Y127W, a complete conversion of 600 g L?1 NBPO was achieved at a substrate to catalyst ratio (S/C) of 30 in 10 h. Based on crystal-structure of Y127W, molecular docking and dynamic simulations reveal hydrogen bonds formed between W127 and Boc group of NBPO, as well as improved structural stability mainly contribute to the increased catalytic activity and stereoselectivity of Y127W. This study offers guidance for engineering ADHs for biosynthesis of chiral heterocyclic alcohols, and provides insights into mechanisms in catalytic activity and stereoselectivity toward carbonyl-containing heterocyclic substrates. (Figure presented.).
- Wu, Yanfei,Zhou, Jieyu,Ni, Jie,Zhu, Cheng,Sun, Zewen,Xu, Guochao,Ni, Ye
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Read Online
- Development of a practical biocatalytic process for (S)-N-Boc-3-hydroxypiperidine synthesis
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(S)-N-Boc-3-hydroxypiperidine ((S)-NBHP) is an important chiral intermediate for the synthesis of ibrutinib, an anticancer drug targeting B-cell malignancies. An NADPH-dependent reductase (YDR541C) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated and found to show excellent catalytic activity in the production of (S)-NBHP. The reductase YDR541C was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), purified to homogeneity, and its catalytic properties were studied. Furthermore, an ethyl caprylate-water (1:1, v/v) biphasic system was introduced to alleviate product inhibition. After optimization of the reaction, as much as 1200?mM N-Boc-piperidin-3-one (NBPO) (240?g/L) was asymmetrically reduced to (S)-NBHP within 6?h, resulting in a yield of 99%, an enantioselectivity of >99.5% ee, and a total turnover number (TTN) of 8000. These results indicate great potential for industrial application.
- Chen, Li-Feng,Fan, Hai-Yang,Zhang, Yi-Ping,Wu, Kai,Wang, Hua-Lei,Lin, Jin-Ping,Wei, Dong-Zhi
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Read Online
- Development of a biocatalytic process to prepare (S)- N -boc-3-hydroxypiperidine
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(S)-N-Boc-3-hydroxypiperidine (S-NBHP) is a useful synthon for the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates including ibrutinib, the API of the newly approved drug Imbruvica, for the treatment of lymphoma. To our knowledge, there are no published biotransformation methods scalable to prepare S-NBHP. We report here the development of an efficient process catalyzed by recombinant ketoreductase (KRED) to reduce N-Boc-piperidin-3-one to obtain optically pure S-NBHP. The process has been optimized and demonstrated to have commercial potential with 100 g/L of substrate concentration, product of >99% ee with under 5% of enzyme loading (w/w).
- Ju, Xin,Tang, Yuanyuan,Liang, Xiaoliang,Hou, Maoqi,Wan, Zhonghui,Tao, Junhua
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Read Online
- Sustainable Route Toward N-Boc Amines: AuCl3/CuI-Catalyzed N-tert-butyloxycarbonylation of Amines at Room Temperature
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N-tert-butoxycarbonyl (N-Boc) amines are useful intermediates in synthetic/medicinal chemistry. Traditionally, they are prepared via an indirect phosgene route with poor atom economy. Herein, a step- and atom-economic synthesis of N-Boc amines from amines, t-butanol, and CO was reported at room temperature. Notably, this N-tert-butyloxycarbonylation procedure utilized ready-made substrates, commercially available AuCl3/CuI as catalysts, and O2 from air as the sole oxidant. This catalytic system provided unique selectivity for N-Boc amines in good yields. More significantly, gram-scale preparation of medicinally important N-Boc amine intermediates was successfully implement, which demonstrated a potential application prospect in industrial syntheses. Furthermore, this approach also showed good compatibility with tertiary and other useful alcohols. Investigations of the mechanisms revealed that gold catalyzed the reaction and copper acted as electron transfer mediator in the catalytic cycle.
- Cao, Yanwei,He, Lin,Huang, Yang
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- Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of Ethyl (S)-4-Chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate Using Alcohol Dehydrogenase SmADH31 with High Tolerance of Substrate and Product in a Monophasic Aqueous System
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Bioreductions catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) play an important role in the synthesis of chiral alcohols. However, the synthesis of ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate [(S)-CHBE], an important drug intermediate, has significant challenges concerning high substrate or product inhibition toward ADHs, which complicates its production. Herein, we evaluated a novel ADH, SmADH31, obtained from the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia genome, which can tolerate extremely high concentrations (6 M) of both substrate and product. The coexpression of SmADH31 and glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis in Escherichia coli meant that as much as 660 g L-1 (4.0 M) ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate was completely converted into (S)-CHBE in a monophasic aqueous system with a >99.9% ee value and a high space-time yield (2664 g L-1 d-1). Molecular dynamics simulation shed light on the high activity and stereoselectivity of SmADH31. Moreover, five other optically pure chiral alcohols were synthesized at high concentrations (100-462 g L-1) as a result of the broad substrate spectrum of SmADH31. All these compounds act as important drug intermediates, demonstrating the industrial potential of SmADH31-mediated bioreductions.
- Chen, Rong,Liu, Qinghai,Wang, Hualei,Wei, Dongzhi,Xie, Youyu,Yang, Zeyu,Ye, Wenjie
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p. 1068 - 1076
(2020/07/06)
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- PROCESSES AND INTERMEDIATES FOR PREPARING A BTK INHIBITOR
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Disclosed is a process for the preparation of certain intermediates, e.g. the following compound: (I) which intermediate and processes are useful in the preparation of a BTK inhibitor, such as ibrutinib.
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Page/Page column 15; 16
(2018/04/21)
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- Methodology Development in Directed Evolution: Exploring Options when Applying Triple-Code Saturation Mutagenesis
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Directed evolution of stereo- or regioselective enzymes as catalysts in asymmetric transformations is of particular interest in organic synthesis. Upon evolving these biocatalysts, screening is the bottleneck. To beat the numbers problem most effectively, methods and strategies for building “small but smart” mutant libraries have been developed. Herein, we compared two different strategies regarding the application of triple-code saturation mutagenesis (TCSM) at multiresidue sites of the Thermoanaerobacter brockii alcohol dehydrogenase by using distinct reduced amino-acid alphabets. By using the synthetically difficult-to-reduce prochiral ketone tetrahydrofuran-3-one as a substrate, highly R- and S-selective variants were obtained (92–99 % ee) with minimal screening. The origin of stereoselectivity was provided by molecular dynamics analyses, which is discussed in terms of the Bürgi–Dunitz trajectory.
- Qu, Ge,Lonsdale, Richard,Yao, Peiyuan,Li, Guangyue,Liu, Beibei,Reetz, Manfred T.,Sun, Zhoutong
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p. 239 - 246
(2018/02/09)
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- Stereo-complementary bioreduction of saturated N-heterocyclic ketones
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The asymmetric bioreduction of several saturated N-heterocyclic ketones is demonstrated in a stereo-complementary fashion using the ketoreductases READH and ChKRED20 for the production of (S)- and (R)-alcohols, respectively. The reaction accepts substrates with a five-, six- or seven-membered ring, and exhibits excellent stereoselectivity when using 2-propanol as both the ultimate reducing agent and cosolvent, achieve >99% ee in the majority of cases for both enantiomers.
- Li, Chao,Liu, Yan,Pei, Xiao-Qiong,Wu, Zhong-Liu
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- Selection of microbial biocatalysts for the reduction of cyclic and heterocyclic ketones
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The reduction of carbonyl compounds plays an important role in the synthesis of complex chiral molecules. In particular, enantiopure substituted cyclic and heterocyclic compounds are useful intermediates for the synthesis of several antiviral, antitumor, and antibiotic agents, and recently, they have also been used as organocatalysts for C-C addition. Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) are enzymes involved in the transformation of prochiral ketones to chiral hydroxyl compounds. While significant scientific effort has been paid to the use of aliphatic and exocyclic ketones as ADH substrates, reports on (hetero)cyclic carbonyl compounds as substrates of these enzymes are scarce. In the present study, 109 bacteria and 36 fungi were screened, resulting in 10 organisms belonging to both kingdoms capable of transforming cyclic and heterocyclic ketones into the corresponding alcohols. Among them, Erwinia chrysanthemi could quantitatively reduce cyclododecanone and Geotrichum candidum could stereoselectively reduce N-Boc-3-piperidone and N-Boc-3-pyrrolidinone to their corresponding (S)-alcohols; however, the anti-Prelog isomer was obtained when acetophenone was the substrate.
- Bianchi, Paola,Varela, Romina Fernández,Bianchi, Dario A.,Kemppainen, Minna,Iribarren, Adolfo M.,Lewkowicz, Elizabeth
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p. 137 - 144
(2017/06/21)
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- Chiral-1-tert-butoxy-carbonyl-3-hydroxy-piperidine, and the preparation of chiral turning method
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The invention relates to preparation of chirality-1-t-butyloxycarboryl-3-hydroxy piperidine and a method for chirality turning. The preparation mainly comprises the following steps: resolving N-benzyl-3-hydroxy piperidine as a raw material to obtain a (S) or (R)-1-benzyl-3-hydroxy piperidine camphorsulfonic acid salt, performing alkali freedom to obtain (S) or (R)-1-benzyl-3-hydroxy piperidine, performing palladium carbon hydrogenation debenzylation/t-butyloxycarboryl protection to obtain (S) or (R)-1-t-butyloxycarboryl-3-hydroxy piperidine, acylating substituting sulfonyl chloride of (R) or (S)-1-substituting-3-hydroxy piperidine as a raw material to obtain (R) or (S)-1-substituting-3-hydroxy piperidine sulfonate, substituting by using substituting carboxylate to obtain (S) or (R)-1-substituting-3-hydroxy piperidine carboxylic ester, and performing alkaline hydrolysis to obtain (S) or (R)-1-substituting-3-hydroxy piperidine. The synthesis route is gentle in reaction condition, and is applicable to industrial large-scale production.
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- A practical and enantiospecific synthesis of (-)-(R)- and (+)-(S)-piperidin-3-ols
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A highly enantiospecific, azide-free synthesis of (-)-(R)- and (+)-(S)-piperidin-3-ol in excellent yield was developed. The key step of the synthesis involves the enantiospecific ring openings of enantiomerically pure (R)- and (S)-2-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-diones with the diethyl malonate anion and subsequent decarboxylation.
- Babu, Meruva Suresh,Raghunadh, Akula,Ramulu, Konda,Dahanukar, Vilas H.,Syam Kumar, Unniaran K.,Dubey, P. Kumar
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p. 1507 - 1515
(2015/02/19)
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- The synthesis of piperidine nucleoside analogs - A comparison of several methods to access the introduction of nucleobases
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This work deals with the synthesis of piperidine and hydroxypiperidine analogs of nucleosides. Starting from commercially available 3-hydroxypiperidine, proline or 4-hydroxyproline, a series of piperidine derivatives of both purine and pyrimidine nucleobases was prepared. Various methods of nucleobase attachment were evaluated. The prepared compounds were tested for cytostatic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties but no significant activity was found.
- Kova?ková, Soňa,Dra?ínsky, Martin,Rejman, Dominik
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p. 1485 - 1500
(2011/04/15)
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- Novel Compounds
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Compounds of Formulae I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: wherein X, R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in the specification as well as salts and pharmaceutical compositions including the compounds are prepared. They are useful in therapy, in particular in the management of pain.
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Page/Page column 104-105
(2008/06/13)
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- Isoquinoline derivatives
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The invention relates to isoquinoline derivatives having the general Formula I wherein X is O, S or NH; Y is OH or NH2; m is 0, 1 or 2; n is 1 or 2; R1 is H, when Y is NH2; or R. is H, (C1-4)alkyl or halogen, when Y is OH; R2 and R3 are independently H, (C1-4)alkyl or halogen; R is H or (C1-6)alkyl, optionally substituted with OH, (C1-4)-alkyloxy, (C1-4)alkyloxycarbonyl, (C3-7)cycloalkyl, which may optionally comprise a heteroatom selected from O and S, (C6-10)aryl, (C6-10)aryloxy or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group comprising 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N and S, each aryl or heteroaryl group being optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from (C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkyloxy, (C1-4)alkylsulfonyl and halogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same as well as to the use of the isoquinoline derivatives in the treatment of ROCK-I related disorders such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and glaucoma.
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Page/Page column 6
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- ISOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES
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The invention relates to isoquinoline derivatives having the general Formula (I) wherein X is O, S or NH; Y is OH or NH2; m is 0, 1 or 2; n is 1 or 2; R1 is H, when Y is NH2; or R1 is H, (C1-4)alkyl or halogen, when Y is OH; R2 and R3 are independently H, (C1-4)alkyl or halogen; R is H or (C1-6)alkyl, optionally substituted with OH, (C1-4)- alkyloxy, (C1-4)alkyloxycarbonyl, (C3-7)cycloalkyl, which may optionally comprise a heteroatom selected from O and S, (C6-10)aryl, (C6-10)aryloxy or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group comprising 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N and S, each aryl or heteroaryl group being optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from (C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkyloxy, (C1-4)alkylsulfonyl and halogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same as well as to the use of the isoquinoline derivatives in the treatment of ROCK-I related disorders such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and glaucoma.
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Page/Page column 13
(2008/06/13)
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- IL-8 Receptor Antagonists
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This invention relates to novel compounds and compositions thereof, useful in the treatment of disease states mediated by the chemokine, Interleukin-8 (IL-8).
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- QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS AS M3 ANTAGONISTS
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Compounds of formula (I), in salt or zwitterionic form, wherein J, L, M, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 have the meanings as indicated in the specification, are useful for treating conditions that are mediated by the muscarinic M3 receptor. Pharmaceutical compositions that contain the compounds and a process for preparing the compounds are also described.
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- Aminobenzoxazoles as therapeutic agents
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A compound of Formula (I), wherein the substituents are as defined herein, which are useful as kinase inhibitors.
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- QUINAZOLINE DERIVATIVES AS ANTITUMOR AGENTS
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A quinazoline derivative of the formula (I): (A chemical formula should be inserted here - please see paper copy enclosed) Formula I wherein the substituents are as defined in the text for use in the production of an anti proliferative effect which effect is produced alone or in part by inhibiting erbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase in a warm blooded animal such as man.
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(2008/06/13)
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- 3-AMINOPIPERIDINES AND 3-AMINOQUINUCLIDINES AS INHIBITORS OF MONOAMINE UPTAKE
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The present invention provides compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are useful for the inhibition of the uptake of one or more physiologically active monoamines (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine).
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- ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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Compounds of formula (I) in salt or zwitterionic form wherein, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, J, L and M have the meanings as indicated in the specification, are useful for treating conditions that are mediated by the muscarinic M3 receptor. Pharmaceutical compositions that contain the compounds and a process for preparing the compounds are also described.
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- TREATMENT OF LEARNING DISABILITIES AND MOTOR SKILLS DISORDER WITH NOREPINEPHRINE REUPTAKE INHIBITORS
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Provided are methods and medicaments for treating a learning disability or a Motor Skills Disorder, comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.
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Page/Page column 235
(2010/02/11)
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- TREATMENT OF PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS WITH NOREPINEPHRINE REUPTAKE INHIBITORS
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Provided are methods and medicaments for treating a Pervasive Developmental Disorder, comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.
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Page/Page column 238
(2010/02/11)
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- TREATMENT OF HOT FLASHES, IMPULSE CONTROL DISORDERS AND PERSONALITY CHANGE DUE TO A GENERAL MEDICAL CONDITION
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Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are useful for the prevention or treatment of hot flashes, vasomotor symptoms, impulse control disorders or personality change due to a general medical condition.
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Page/Page column 237
(2010/02/12)
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- 1,2-Di(cyclic)substituted benzene compounds
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In one aspect, the present invention provides compounds having formula (1) or (100), a salt thereof or a hydrate of the foregoing, which compounds exhibit excellent cell adhesion inhibitory action or cell infiltration inhibitory action, and are useful as therapeutic or prophylactic agents for various inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases associated with adhesion and infiltration of leukocytes, such as inflammatory bowel disease (particularly ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease), irritable bowel syndrome; rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, asthma and atopic dermatitis. wherein R10 represents optionally substituted cycloalkyl, etc., R20-23 represent hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, etc., R30-32 represent hydrogen, alkyl, oxo, etc., and R40 represents optionally substituted alkyl, etc.
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Page/Page column 107-108
(2008/06/13)
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- ANTIBACTERIAL MUTILINS
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A compound of formula (I) wherein R and R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, R1 is a group of formula (II) R3 and R'3 are hydrogen, deuterium or halogen, R4, R5 and R10 are independently of each other hydrogen or alkyl, R6, R7 and R8 are hydrogen or deuterium; R9 is amino, alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or mercapto; and, if X is oxygen, R9 is additionally hydrogen; R'10 is alkyl, X is sulphur, oxygen, NR10, or N+(R'10)2; Y is sulphur or oxygen, and m is 0, 1 or 2; with the proviso that, when R and R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form piperidinyl, m is O, Y is S and Y is attached in position 3 of said piperidine ring, that group of formula (I) which is attached to the piperidine ring via the residue Y is either in the (S)-configuration or in the (R)-configuration, preferably in the (S) -configuration which is e.g. useful as antimicrobial, antibacterial.
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- NOVEL 2,5-DISUBSTITUTED PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES
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The invention relates to novel 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives, which stimulate the soluble guanylate cyclase, method for production and use thereof for the production of medicaments, in particular medicaments for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
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Page/Page column 48
(2010/02/06)
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- Piperazine- and piperidine-derivatives as melanocortin receptor agonists
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The present invention relates to melanocortin receptor agonists of formula I, which is useful in the treatment of obesity, diabetes and male and/or female sexual dysfunction.
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(2010/02/06)
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- ANTIPARASITIC TERPENE ALKALOIDS
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The present invention relates to novel terpene alkaloids and their use as antiparasitic agents. The present invention also relates to an antiparasitic agent which comprises a terpene alkaloid compound of this invention as an effective ingredient in an antiparasitic formulation. More particularly, the present invention relates to derivatives of the terpene alkaloid (1S,2R,4aS,5R,8R,8aR)-2-(acetyloxy)-8a-hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl (2S,3aR,9bR)-6-chloro-9b-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,2,3,3a,5,9b-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-c][2,1]benzoxazine-2-carboxylate. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same are also disclosed.
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(2008/06/13)
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- Synthesis of piperidinyl and pyrrolidinyl butyrates for potential in vivo measurement of cerebral butyrylcholinesterase activity
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Biochemical changes in postmortem brains of Alzheimer's disease patients include decreased acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyl transferase activity, indicating reduced activity of the central cholinergic system, while butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity increases. A method that can measure regional BChE activity in the brain in vivo may be useful for investigating the relationship between BChE and Alzheimer's disease. Seven compounds, either piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl butyrates, were synthesized as BChE substrate radiotracers to map central BChE activity in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET). 14C-labeled compounds were assayed to determine their hydrolysis rates by BChE and the partition coefficient. The five esters of secondary alcohols had lipophilic properties sufficient to pass readily through the blood-brain barrier while the metabolites were sufficiently hydrophilic to be retained in the brain. The esters showed moderate hydrolysis rates by BChE and high specificity for BChE relative to acetylcholinesterase, while two esters of primary alcohols were hydrolyzed too rapidly to estimate reliably the local cerebral BChE activity. From these results, we conclude that one or more of these five esters, when labeled with 11C, would be a useful tracer for quantification of BChE activity by PET.
- Kikuchi, Tatsuya,Fukushi, Kiyoshi,Ikota, Nobuo,Ueda, Takao,Nagatsuka, Shin-Ichiro,Arano, Yasushi,Irie, Toshiaki
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- Heterocyclic compounds
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PCT No. PCT/US97/06699 Sec. 371 Date Aug. 30, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date Aug. 30, 1999 PCT Filed Apr. 23, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO97/40044 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 30, 1997The present invention provides heterocyclic compounds which are useful for modulating a muscarinic receptor.
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- Carbamic acid derivatives and method for preparing the same
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Anti-dementia medicaments comprising a carbamic acid derivative or their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts having an anti-amnesic activity as an active ingredient are provided. The carbamic acid derivatives are represented by a general formula (1) STR1 wherein Ar denotes an aromatic heterocyclic ring which may have at least one substituent or its benzene-condensed ring, or phenyl group which may have at least one substituent, R1 denotes hydrogen atom or lower alkyl group, R2 denotes lower alkyl group which may be substituted with halogen atom, phenyl group which may have at least one substituent, naphthyl group, or five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring and its benzene-condensed ring, X and Y, which may be the same or different, denote sulfur atom or oxygen atom.
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