- Amination of 2-Pyridinesulfonic and 8-Quinolinesulfonic Acids with Magnesium Amides
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The amination of 2-pyridine- and 8-quinolinesulfonic acids using magnesium amides of the type R2NMgCl·LiCl is reported. Thus, several cyclic and acyclic amines were converted into the corresponding amides using iPrMgCl·LiCl, which reacted readily with sulfonic acids to produce aminopyridines and aminoquinolines. Various amines which are attractive in drug chemistry were suitable for this transformation.
- Balkenhohl, Moritz,Valsamidou, Vasiliki,Knochel, Paul
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- Buchwald-Hartwig amination of aryl esters and chlorides catalyzed by the dianisole-decorated Pd-NHC complex
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A modular and generic method for the Buchwald-Hartwig amination reactions of relatively unreactive aryl esters as acyl electrophiles and aryl chlorides as aryl electrophiles has been developed, leading to the efficient synthesis of amides/amines under air conditions and with low catalyst loadings. The success of this catalytic protocol is mainly attributed to the modification of the Pd-IPr skeleton with sterically hindered and electron-donating anisole groups. This method also features good functional group tolerance and excellent chemoselectivities. In summary, the results presented herein suggest the possibility of developing a versatile and general protocol for diverse electrophiles to undergo the Buchwald-Hartwig amination reactions, avoiding too much consideration of the reaction conditions for the substrate-dependent C-N bond formations.
- Song, A-Xiang,Xiong, Hong-Gang,Xu, Chang,Yao, Hua-Gang,Zheng, Di-Zhong
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supporting information
p. 2096 - 2101
(2022/04/01)
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- Iridium/graphene nanostructured catalyst for the: N -alkylation of amines to synthesize nitrogen-containing derivatives and heterocyclic compounds in a green process
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A facile iridium/graphene-catalyzed methodology providing an efficient synthetic route for C-N bond formation is reported. This catalyst can directly promote the formation of C-N bonds, without pre-activation steps, and without solvents, alkalis and other additives. This protocol provides a direct N-alkylation of amines using a variety of primary and secondary alcohols with good selectivity and excellent yields. Charmingly, the use of diols resulted in intermolecular cyclization of amines, and such products are privileged structures in biologically active compounds. Two examples illustrate the advantages of this catalyst in organic synthesis: the tandem catalysis to synthesize hydroxyzine, and the intermolecular cyclization to synthesize cyclizine. Water is the only by-product, which makes this catalytic process sustainable and environmentally friendly. This journal is
- Chen, Tsun-Ren,Chen, Yi-Sheng,Chen, Yu-Tung,Lee, Wen-Jen,Lin, Yen-Hsing,Wang, Hao-Chen
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p. 4760 - 4770
(2022/02/21)
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- Aryl-Diadamantyl Phosphine Ligands in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions: Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Application
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Synthesis, temperature-dependent NMR structure investigation and utilization of a new, stable and easily accessible aryl-diadamantylphosphine ligand family is reported. The bulky and electron-rich phosphorus center of the ligand enhances the catalytic activity of palladium in cross-coupling reactions of sterically demanding ortho-substituted aryl halides. In our study, we demonstrated the synthetic applicability of the new phosphine ligands in Buchwald-Hartwig and tosyl hydrazone coupling reactions.
- Sinai, ádám,Simkó, Dániel Cs.,Szabó, Fruzsina,Paczal, Attila,Gáti, Tamás,Bényei, Attila,Novák, Zoltán,Kotschy, András
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supporting information
p. 1122 - 1128
(2020/03/03)
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- Amination of Phosphorodiamidate-Substituted Pyridines and Related N-Heterocycles with Magnesium Amides
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The amination of various phosphorodiamidate-substituted pyridines, quinolines, and quinoxaline with magnesium amides R2NMgCl·LiCl proceeds at room temperature within 8 h. Several pharmaceutically active amines were suitable substrates for this amination procedure, and also the antihistaminic tripelennamine was prepared. Additionally, several heterocyclic phosphorodiamidates underwent directed ortho-metalation (DoM) using TMPMgCl·LiCl (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) or TMP2Mg·2LiCl, followed by electrophilic functionalization prior to the amination step, which led to ortho-functionalized aminated N-heterocycles.
- Balkenhohl, Moritz,Heinz, Benjamin,Abegg, Thomas,Knochel, Paul
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supporting information
p. 8057 - 8060
(2019/01/14)
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- Enhanced activity of [Ni(NHC)CpCl] complexes in arylamination catalysis
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Seven new air- and moisture-stable nickel complexes bearing flexible bulky NHC (N-heterocyclic carbene) ancillary ligands (NHC = IPr, IPrTol, IPrOMe, IPent) are reported. Using experimentally determined crystal structures, the steric
- Martin, Anthony R.,Makida, Yusuke,Meiries, Sebastien,Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.,Nolan, Steven P.
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supporting information
p. 6265 - 6270
(2013/12/04)
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- Efficient catalytic aryl amination of bromoarenes using 3-iminophosphine palladium(II) chloride
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While pursuing the development of new hydroamination catalysts, a 3-iminophosphine palladium(II) chloride complex [(3IP)PdCl2] was synthesized that has subsequently proven to be an effective precatalyst for the aryl amination of bromoarenes. This (3IP)PdCl2 complex has been utilized in the catalytic aryl amination of both bromobenzene and bromopyridine derivatives, specifically yielding excellent activity in coupling reactions involving bromobenzene, 4-bromotoluene, and 2-bromopyridine. Using a standard set of catalytic conditions, many alkyl and aryl amines have been investigated as coupling partners in the aryl amination of bromoarenes. In general, secondary alkyl amines and ortho-substituted anilines proved to be the best substrates for this reaction, commonly giving quantitative conversion to products, while primary amines and other anilines gave only poor to moderate results. Catalytic screening data, product yields, and full characterization of isolated products are included.
- Samblanet, Danielle C.,Schmidt, Joseph A. R.
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p. 7 - 18,12
(2012/12/12)
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- A highly efficient precatalyst for amination of aryl chlorides: Synthesis, structure and application of a robust acenaphthoimidazolylidene palladium complex
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A robust palladium NHC complex was synthesized and exhibits exceptional activity and selectivity as a precatalyst in the amination of aryl chlorides and tolerates a wide range of substrates at low catalyst loadings.
- Tu, Tao,Fang, Weiwei,Jiang, Jian
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 12358 - 12360
(2011/12/15)
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- Examination of the aromatic amination catalyzed by palladium on charcoal
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The Buchwald-Hartwig amination of aryl halides with secondary amines and functionalized aromatic amines catalyzed by solid-supported palladium is reported. The choices of ligand, base and solvent are crucial for the successful coupling. The ami-nation of aromatic iodides, bromides and chlorides can be easily achieved with palladium on charcoal in the presence of a biphenylphosphane-type ligand at 80-110 °C. In addition, the palladium on charcoal catalyst is easily separable after the reaction, and reusable several times with only small activity loss.
- Komaromi, Anna,Novak, Zoltan
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1523 - 1532
(2010/08/19)
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- Cobalt-catalyzed C-N bond-forming reaction between N-aromatic 2-chlorides and secondary amines
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Secondary amines react with N-aromatic 2-chlorides in the presence of a catalytic amount of cobalt chloride. When DPPP was added as ligand, the yield was further improved, The N-aromatic-containing tertiary amines formed are interesting due to their poten
- Toma, Gabriel,Fujita, Ken-Ichi,Yamaguchi, Ryohei
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scheme or table
p. 4586 - 4588
(2009/12/05)
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- Pd-catalyzed aryl amination mediated by well defined, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-Pd precatalysts, PEPPSI
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Pd-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig animation protocols mediated by Pd-PEPPSI precatalysts is described. These protocols provide access to a range of hindered and functionalized drug-like aryl amines in high yield with both electron-deficient and electron-rich aryl- and heteroaryl chlorides and bromides. Variations in solvent polarity, base and temperature are tolerated, enhancing the scope and utility of this protocol. A mechanistic rationalization for base strength (pKb) requirements is also provided.
- Organ, Michael G.,Abdel-Hadi, Mirvat,Avola, Stephanie,Dubovyk, Igor,Hadei, Niloufar,Kantchev, Eric Assen B.,O'Brien, Christopher J.,Sayah, Mahmoud,Valente, Cory
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experimental part
p. 2443 - 2452
(2009/04/08)
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- Direct uncatalyzed amination of 2-chloropyridine using a flow reactor
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Chloropyridines are efficiently converted into 2-amino-pyridines by uncatalyzed nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) in NMP using a continuous-flow reactor. A variety of secondary amines undergo SNAr with both electron-rich and electron-deficient 2-chloropyridines to afford 2-aminopyridines in good to excellent yield. The flow reactor, which provides a short reaction time and high temperatures up to 300°C, can overcome the activation barrier for reactions with unactivated substrates. Short reaction times result in fewer side products and can afford milligram to multigram quantities of product using continuous flow. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Hamper, Bruce C.,Tesfu, Eden
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p. 2257 - 2261
(2008/02/10)
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- Synthesis of aminopyridines via an unprecedented nucleophilic aromatic substitution of cyanopyridines
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The direct reaction of 2- and 4-cyanopyridines with lithium amides affords good yields of the corresponding aminopyridines via displacement of cyanide. Addition of CsF accelerates the reaction and can lead to significantly higher yields.
- Penney, Jonathan M.
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p. 2667 - 2669
(2007/10/03)
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- Hybridized and isosteric analogues of N1-acetyl-N4-dimethyl-piperazinium iodide (ADMP) and N1-phenyl-N4-dimethyl-piperazinium iodide (DMPP) with central nicotinic action
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A series of piperazine derivatives, obtained by hybridization of N1-acetyl-N4-dimethyl-piperazinium iodide (1, ADMP) and N1-phenyl-N4-dimethyl-piperazinium iodide (3, DMPP) or of the corresponding tertiary bases (2, 4) with arecoline (5) and arecolone (6) or by isosteric substitution of the phenyl ring of DMPP, has been synthesized. Hybridization afforded compounds that, both as tertiary bases and as iodomethylates, have no affinity for the nicotinic receptor. On the contrary, isosteric substitution gave compounds that maintain affinity for the receptor; among them, two tertiary bases (37, 38), show affinity in the nanomolar range for the nicotinic receptor. The pharmacological profile of these isomeric compounds is quite interesting as they present differences in their peripheral and central effects, suggesting that they interact with different subtypes of the nicotinic receptor. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Manetti, Dina,Bartolini, Alessandro,Borea, Pier Andrea,Bellucci, Cristina,Dei, Silvia,Ghelardini, Carla,Gualtieri, Fulvio,Romanelli, Maria Novella,Scapecchi, Serena,Teodori, Elisabetta,Varani, Katia
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p. 457 - 465
(2007/10/03)
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- Nickel-catalysed couplings of aryl chlorides with secondary amines and piperazines
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The reaction of aryl chlorides with secondary amines or piperazines in the presence of an in situ generated liganded nickel catalyst gives arylamines in good yields. Our process provides a mild, convenient and cheap method of arylamination starting from readily available substrates.
- Brenner, Eric,Schneider, Raphael,Fort, Yves
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p. 12829 - 12842
(2007/10/03)
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- Novel potent and selective central 5-HT3 receptor ligands provided with different intrinsic efficacy. 1. Mapping the central 5-HT3 receptor binding site by arylpiperazine derivatives
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Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of condensed quinoline and pyridine derivatives bearing a N-methylpiperazine moiety attached to the 2-position of the quinoline or pyridine nucleus are described. 5-HT receptor binding studies revealed subnanomolar affinity for the 5-HT3 receptor subtype in some of the compounds under study. The most active compound (5b) displayed a K(i) value about 1 order of magnitude higher than that of quipazine along with a higher selectivity. The potential 5-HT3 agonist/antagonist activity of four selected compounds was assessed in vitro on 5-HT3 receptor-dependent [14C]guanidinium uptake in NG 108-15 cells. Compound 5j acted as a 5-HT3 agonist in this assay with an EC50 value close to that reported for quipazine, while 5b was a partial agonist with an EC50 value of about 0.25 nM, and compound 5c possessed antagonist properties with an IC50 value (?8 nM) in the same range as those of previously characterized 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Qualitative and quantitative structure-affinity relationship studies carried out by making use of theoretical molecular descriptors allowed to elucidate the role of the main pharmacophoric components and to develop a model for the interaction of the 5-HT3 ligands related to quipazine with their receptor.
- Cappelli, Andrea,Anzini, Maurizio,Vomero, Salvatore,Mennuni, Laura,Makovec, Francesco,Doucet, Edith,Hamon, Michel,Bruni, Giancarlo,Romeo, Maria R.,Menziani, M. Cristina,De Benedetti, Pier G.,Langer, Thierry
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p. 728 - 741
(2007/10/03)
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- Direct Substitution of Aromatic Ethers by Lithium Amides. A New Aromatic Amination Reaction
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Reaction of lithiated dialkylamines with methoxy aromatics in refluxing THF leads to products resulting from a direct ipso-substitution.Especially with lithiated secondary amines high conversions and selectivities are achieved.Sulfonyl-substituted aromatics react equally well, but halogenated aromatics give rise to side-products arising from a competing pathway via aryne intermediates.The scope and mechanistic implications of this novel nucleophilic amination reaction are described.
- Hoeve, Wolter ten,Kruse, Chris, G.,Luteyn, Jan M.,Thiecke, Janet R. G.,Wynberg, Hans
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p. 5101 - 5106
(2007/10/02)
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