- The kinetics and mechanism of the reaction between l-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane and p-cresol in the presence of basic catalysts
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Rate constants for the reaction of 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane with p-cresol in the presence of basic catalysts were studied at the temperature range of 71 - 100°C. It was found that in the presence of sodium p-cresolate, three consecutive reactions pro-ceeded giving the following products: l-chloro-3-(tolyloxy)-2-propanol (CTP), l-(p-tolyloxy)-2,3-epoxypropane (TEP) as a main product, and l, 3-di(p-tolyloxy)-2-propanol (DTP). Their rate constants at 71°C were: k1 = 0.030 ± 0.009, k2 = 1.58 ± 0.02, and k3 = 0.033 ± 0.005 dm3/mol -min, respectively. In the presence of quaternary ammonium salts, this process consisted of 5 reactions which led to CTP as a main product as well as TEP and l, 3-dichloro-2-propanol (DCP). The rate constant of CTP formation at 71°C was established, k1 = 0.130 ± 0.030 dm3/mol·min, as were the ratios of the other rate constants k2/k-4 = 1-5 ± 0.2. k5/k4 = 20.0 ± 5.0, and k4/k1, = 0.6 ± 0.7. Based on the changes in Cl- ion concentration during the reaction, the cata-lystic activity of quaternary ammonium salts was explained. The kinetic model of these reactions in the presence of basic catalysts has been proposed and appropriate kinetic equations have been presented.
- Chlebicki, Jan,Shiman, Larisa Yu.,Guskov, Andrey K.,Makarov, Mikhail G.,Shvets, Valerij F.
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- Synthesis and antileishmanial activity of 1,3-bis(aryloxy)propan-2-amines
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We describe herein the antileishmanial activity of 1,3-bis(aryloxy)propan-2-amines, prepared in four simple steps from epichlorohydrin. Among the evaluated compounds, three (4o, 4q, and 4r) displayed considerable activity against Leishmania amazonensis promastigote forms, with IC50 values below 10 μM. We also analyzed the effects of the nature and the position of ring substituent on activity. Two amines (4m and 4o) showed excellent profiles in the treatment of L. amazonensis-infected macrophages, reducing the parasite burden by more than 95% in tested concentrations.
- Lavorato, Stefania N.,Duarte, Mariana C.,Lage, Daniela P.,Tavares, Carlos A. P.,Coelho, Eduardo A. F.,Alves, Ricardo J.
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p. 1052 - 1072
(2017/04/14)
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- 1,3-Bis(aryloxy)propan-2-ols as potential antileishmanial agents
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We describe herein the synthesis and antileishmanial activity of 1,3-bis(aryloxy)propan-2-ols. Five compounds (2, 3, 13, 17, and 18) exhibited an effective antileishmanial activity against stationary promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis (IC50??15.0?μm), and an influence of compound lipophilicity on activity was suggested. Most of the compounds were poorly selective, as they showed toxicity toward murine macrophages, except 17 and 18, which presented good selective indexes (SI?≥?10.0). The five more active compounds (2, 3, 13, 17, and 18) were selected for the treatment of infected macrophages, and all of them were able to reduce the number of internalized parasites by more than 80%, as well as the number of infected macrophages by more than 70% in at least one of the tested concentrations. Altogether, these results demonstrate the potential of these compounds as new hits of antileishmanial agents and open future possibilities for them to be tested in in vivo studies.
- Lavorato, Stefania N.,Duarte, Mariana C.,Lage, Daniela P.,Tavares, Carlos A. P.,Coelho, Eduardo A. F.,Alves, Ricardo J.
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p. 981 - 986
(2017/10/05)
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- Hypocholesterolemic activity of 1,3 bis(substituted phenoxy) 2 propanones
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A series of 1,3 bis (substituted phenoxy) 2 propanones was found to be active hypocholesterolemic agents at 10 mg/kg/day. The p chloro and p methyl substituted phenoxy compounds possess the highest activity. These compounds did not possess the estrogenic and antifertility activities of the related previously reported derivatives of the bis (β phenylethyl) ketone series. The 1,3 bis (p methylphenoxy) 2 propanone (7) also lowered serum triglycerides and glycerol which appeared to be due to increased levels of serum lipase and reduced activity of liver lipase. There was reduced incorporation of free fatty acids into complex lipids by the liver. Cholesterol was excreted faster in the treated animals.
- Piantadosi,Hall,Wyrick,Ishaq
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p. 222 - 229
(2007/10/12)
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