cas 14649-03-7, (S)-(-)-1-Phenylethyl isocyanate

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Triphenylphosphine/2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ)/[n-Bu4N]OCN as a useful system for the efficient conversion of tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ethers to the corresponding alkyl isocyanates
Triphenylphosphine/2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone/tetrabutylammonium cyanate was used as an efficient system for the conversion of tetrahydropyranyl ethers to the corresponding alkyl isocyanates. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Akhlaghinia, Batool,Samiei, Sima
p. 2525 - 2529
(2009)
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Cocrystallization of Chiral N7,N16-bis (S-1-Phenylethyl)-1,4,10,13-Tetraoxo-7,16-Diazacyclooctadecane-7,16-Dicarboxamide with Hydrochlorides of Methyl Ethers of Leucine and Valine Enantiomers
An attempt to co-crystallize N7,N16-bis(S-1-phenylethyl)-1,4,10,13-tetraoxo-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane-7,16-dicarboxamide (1) with hydrochlorides of methyl ethers (HCMEs) of L- and D-valine and also L- and D-leucine results in separate crystallization of diazacrown-ether 1 (or its monohydrate 1·H2O) and HCMEs of respective α-amino acids. Crystal structures of D-leucine 1·H2O (1) and HCME (2) compounds, which were not described previously, are solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
Fonari,Pluzhnik-Gladyr,Kamalov,Kravtsov, V. Kh.
p. 143 - 150
(2019)
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A new and convenient method of generating alkyl isocyanates from alcohols, thiols and trimethylsilyl ethers using triphenylphosphine/2,3-dichloro-5,6- dicyanobenzoquinone/Bu4NOCN
Alkyl isocyanates are prepared in good to excellent yields by treatment of alcohols, thiols and trimethylsilyl ethers with triphenylphosphine/2,3-dichloro- 5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone/ Bu4NOCN in acetonitrile. This method is highly selective for conversion of primary alcohols to alkyl isocyanates in the presence of secondary and tertiary alcohols, thiols and trimethysilyl ethers. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
Akhlaghinia, Batool
p. 1955 - 1958
(2005)
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Supporting-Electrolyte-Free Anodic Oxidation of Oxamic Acids into Isocyanates: An Expedient Way to Access Ureas, Carbamates, and Thiocarbamates
We report a new electrochemical supporting-electrolyte-free method for synthesizing ureas, carbamates, and thiocarbamates via the oxidation of oxamic acids. This simple, practical, and phosgene-free route includes the generation of an isocyanate intermediate in situ via anodic decarboxylation of an oxamic acid in the presence of an organic base, followed by the one-pot addition of suitable nucleophiles to afford the corresponding ureas, carbamates, and thiocarbamates. This procedure is applicable to different amines, alcohols, and thiols. Furthermore, when single-pass continuous electrochemical flow conditions were used and this reaction was run in a carbon graphite Cgr/Cgr flow cell, urea compounds could be obtained in high yields within a residence time of 6 min, unlocking access to substrates that were inaccessible under batch conditions while being easily scalable.
Petti, Alessia,Fagnan, Corentin,van Melis, Carlo G. W.,Tanbouza, Nour,Garcia, Anthony D.,Mastrodonato, Andrea,Leech, Matthew C.,Goodall, Iain C. A.,Dobbs, Adrian P.,Ollevier, Thierry,Lam, Kevin
supporting information
p. 2614 - 2621
(2021/06/27)

Benzylic C-H isocyanation/amine coupling sequence enabling high-throughput synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant ureas
C(sp3)-H functionalization methods provide an ideal synthetic platform for medicinal chemistry; however, such methods are often constrained by practical limitations. The present study outlines a C(sp3)-H isocyanation protocol that enables the synthesis of diverse, pharmaceutically relevant benzylic ureas in high-throughput format. The operationally simple C-H isocyanation method shows high site selectivity and good functional group tolerance, and uses commercially available catalyst components and reagents [CuOAc, 2,2′-bis(oxazoline) ligand, (trimethylsilyl)isocyanate, andN-fluorobenzenesulfonimide]. The isocyanate products may be used without isolation or purification in a subsequent coupling step with primary and secondary amines to afford hundreds of diverse ureas. These results provide a template for implementation of C-H functionalization/cross-coupling in drug discovery.
Krska, Shane W.,Lin, Shishi,Nkulu, Leah E.,Stahl, Shannon S.,Suh, Sung-Eun
p. 10380 - 10387
(2021/08/12)

CARBAMATE DERIVATIVES AND USES THEREOF
The present disclosure relates to compounds of Formula (I): and to their prodrugs, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical compositions, methods of use, and methods for their preparation. The compounds disclosed herein are useful for inhibiting the maturation of cytokines of the IL-1 family by inhibiting inflammasomes and may be used in the treatment of disorders in which inflammasome activity is implicated, such as inflammatory, autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancers.
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Paragraph 01341; 01355; 01463

(2020/08/13)

Amide compound, pharmaceutical composition, preparation method and application thereof
The invention provides an amide compound, a pharmaceutical composition, a preparation method and application thereof and belongs to the field of medicine. Structure of the amide compound is shown as aformula I. The preparation method includes: in an alkaline condition and in an organic solvent, allowing a compound I and a compound II to be in condensation reaction. The amide compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof have long-acting sensory and/or motion blocking activity, can be used for preparing long-acting local anesthetic or analgesic and is long in efficacy lasting time, little side effect and high in medication safety.
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Paragraph 0173-0176

(2018/09/11)

Alkyl Isocyanates via Manganese-Catalyzed C-H Activation for the Preparation of Substituted Ureas
Organic isocyanates are versatile intermediates that provide access to a wide range of functionalities. In this work, we have developed the first synthetic method for preparing aliphatic isocyanates via direct C-H activation. This method proceeds efficiently at room temperature and can be applied to functionalize secondary, tertiary, and benzylic C-H bonds with good yields and functional group compatibility. Moreover, the isocyanate products can be readily converted to substituted ureas without isolation, demonstrating the synthetic potential of the method. To study the reaction mechanism, we have synthesized and characterized a rare MnIV-NCO intermediate and demonstrated its ability to transfer the isocyanate moiety to alkyl radicals. Using EPR spectroscopy, we have directly observed a MnIV intermediate under catalytic conditions. Isocyanation of celestolide with a chiral manganese salen catalyst followed by trapping with aniline afforded the urea product in 51% enantiomeric excess. This represents the only example of an asymmetric synthesis of an organic urea via C-H activation. When combined with our DFT calculations, these results clearly demonstrate that the C-NCO bond was formed through capture of a substrate radical by a MnIV-NCO intermediate.
Huang, Xiongyi,Zhuang, Thompson,Kates, Patrick A.,Gao, Hongxin,Chen, Xinyi,Groves, John T.
supporting information
p. 15407 - 15413
(2017/11/06)

One-pot sequential synthesis of isocyanates and urea derivatives via a microwave-assisted Staudinger-aza-Wittig reaction
A fast and efficient protocol for the synthesis of N,N'-disubstituted urea derivatives from alkyl halides and primary or secondary amines has been developed. The synthetic pathway combines nucleophilic substitutions and a Staudinger-aza-Wittig reaction in the presence of polymer-bound diphenylphosphine under 14 bar of CO2 pressure and has been performed in a one-pot two-step process. The protocol has been optimized under microwave irradiation and the scale-up experiment has been conducted under conventional conditions in a Parr reactor. The final compounds were isolated after simple filtration in almost quantitative overall yields which makes this procedure facile and rapid to execute.
Carnaroglio, Diego,Martina, Katia,Palmisano, Giovanni,Penoni, Andrea,Domini, Claudia,Cravotto, Giancarlo
supporting information
p. 2378 - 2386
(2014/01/06)

Design, synthesis and evaluation of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one derivatives as potent caspase-3 inhibitors
A number of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one derivatives were prepared through structural modification of the original compound from high-throughput screening. Some analogues (e.g., 6b, 6r, 6s and 6w) were identified as novel and potent caspase inhibitors with IC50 of nanomolar. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies for caspase-3 inhibition were evaluated in vitro. Molecular modeling studies provided further insight into the interaction of this class of compounds with activated caspase-3. The present small molecule caspase-3 inhibitor with novel structures different from structures of known caspase inhibitors revealed a new direction for therapeutic strategies directed against diseases involving abnormally up-regulated apoptosis.
Liu, Dazhi,Tian, Zhen,Yan, Zhihui,Wu, Lixin,Ma, Yan,Wang, Quan,Liu, Wei,Zhou, Honggang,Yang, Cheng
p. 2960 - 2967
(2013/07/28)

N-methylimidazole-catalyzed synthesis of carbamates from hydroxamic acids via the lossen rearrangement
An efficient, one-pot, N-methylimidazole (NMI) accelerated synthesis of aromatic and aliphatic carbamates via the Lossen rearrangement is reported. NMI is a catalyst for the conversion of isocyanate intermediates to the carbamates. Moreover, the utility of arylsulfonyl chloride in combination with NMI minimizes the formation of often-observed hydroxamate-isocyanate dimers during the sequence. Under the present conditions, lowering of temperatures is also possible, enabling a mild protocol.
Yoganathan, Sabesan,Miller, Scott J.
p. 602 - 605
(2013/04/11)

Azepinoindole derivatives as pharmaceutical agents
Compounds, compositions and methods for modulating the activity of receptors are provided. In particular, compounds and compositions are provided for modulating the activity of receptors and for the treatment, prevention, or amelioration of one or more symptoms of disease or disorder directly or indirectly related to the activity of the receptors.
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(2008/06/13)

Heterocyclic compounds having MMP and TNF inhibitory activity
Compounds of formula (I) are useful as therapeutic agents, by virtue of having MMP and TNF inhibitory activity.
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(2008/06/13)

Selective muscarinic antagonists. I. Synthesis and antimuscarinic properties of 4-piperidyl benzhydrylcarbamate derivatives
A series of 1-substituted-4-piperidyl benzhydrylcarbamate derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for binding affinity to M1, M2 and M3 receptors, and for antimuscarinic activities. Receptor binding assays indicated that 1-benzyl-4-piperidyl benzhydrylcarbamate derivatives showed higher affinities for M1 and M3 receptors, and good selectivities for M3 over M2 receptor, than the corresponding ester analog. These results indicate that the urethane bond is a novel linker for muscarinic antagonists, and serves to lock the molecular conformation and allows the hydrophobic portion and cationic site of the molecule to bind to M1 and M3 muscarinic receptors. Among the prepared compounds, 1-(4-methylaminobenzyl)-4-piperidyl benzhydrylcarbamate monohydrochloride (18b, YM-58790) exhibited potent inhibitory activity on bladder pressure in reflexly-evoked rhythmic contraction, comparable to oxybutynin and was approximately ten times less inhibitory on oxotremorine-induced salivary secretion than oxybutynin in rats. Further evaluation of antimuscarinic effects on bradycardia and pressor in pithed rats, and on tremor in mice, demonstrated that YM-58790 can be useful for treatment of urinary urge incontinence as a bladder-selective M3 antagonist with fewer side effects.
Naito, Ryo,Takeuchi, Makoto,Morihira, Koichiro,Hayakawa, Masahiko,Ikeda, Ken,Shibanuma, Tadao,Isomura, Yasuo
p. 1274 - 1285
(2007/10/03)

Novel carbamates as potent histamine H3 receptor antagonists with high in vitro and oral in vivo activity
The known histamine H3 receptor antagonists burimamide, thioperamide, clobenpropit, and a related homohistamine thioamide derivative were taken as templates in search for new leads. Novel histamine H3 receptor antagonists structurally described as carbamate derivatives of 3-(1H-imidazol-4- yl)propanol were prepared in high yields by treatment of the alcohol with corresponding isocyanates or carbamoyl chlorides and investigated for their H3 receptor antagonist activity. Different chain lengths and various substituents possessing different electronic and steric parameters were introduced and structure-activity relationships established. In different functional tests, the new antagonists showed high H3 receptor antagonist potencies in vitro (-log K(i) values of 6.4-8.4) at synaptosomes of rat cerebral cortex and low activities at histamine H1 and H2 receptor subtypes. They were also screened for their central in vivo activity in mice after peroral administration. The most promising compounds (2, 16, 19) showed ED50 values of about 1-2 mg/kg and thus are potential drugs for the therapy of H3 receptor dependent diseases. Some of the novel carbamate derivatives are H3 receptor selective compounds with high in vitro and in vivo activity.
Stark, Holger,Purand, Katja,Ligneau, Xavier,Rouleau, Agnès,Arrang, Jean-Michel,Garbarg, Monique,Schwartz, Jean-Charles,Schunack, Walter
p. 1157 - 1163
(2007/10/03)

Indole derivatives, preparation processes and medicinal products containing them
The invention relates to indole derivatives of formula 1, STR1 in which: R1 and R2 represent H, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, N-alkylamino- or N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl, benzyl, pyridylmethyl or phenyl, optionally substituted, R3 and R4 represent H, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, CF3, NO2, N-alkylamino or N,N-dialkylamino, benzyl or phenyl, optionally substituted, R5 represents H, alkyl, cycloalkyl or optionally substituted benzyl, R6 denotes an alkyl, phenyl or heterocyclic radical, optionally substituted, Z denotes the bivalent radicals --(CH2)n --C(R7 R8)--(CH2)p --, --CH=CH--C(R7 R8)-- in which n=0--2, p=0--2 and n+p≤2, R7 and R8 represent H, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, N-alkylamino, N,N-dialkylamino, N-alkylamino- or N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl, benzyl or phenyl, where appropriate substituted, or together form polymethylene or oxa-, thia- or azapolymethylene chains, as well as their tautomeric forms, to processes for preparing them and to their application as hypolipidaemic, antiatheromatous and antidiabetic pharmaceutical products.
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(2008/06/13)

Polysaccharide derivatives as separating agents
A polysaccharide derivative prepared by replacing a part or the whole of hydrogen atoms of hydroxyl and/or amino groups of a polysaccharide with one or more atomic groups represented by the following formula (1), (2) or (3) is new and useful for the separation of optical isomers: STR1 wherein the number of carbon atoms constituting R is 1 to 30 and R is a group having at least one asymmetric center.
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(2008/06/13)

Asymmetric Hydrocyanation of Benzaldehydes Catalysed by (5R)-5-(4-Imidazolylmethyl)-2,4-imidazolidinedione
The catalytic activity of (5R)-5-(4-imidazolylmethyl)-2,4-imidazolidinedione (3) was examined in the asymmetric hydrocyanation of 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde (1a) to (S)-2-hydroxy-2-(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile ((S)-2a), an important alcohol moiety of optically active pyrethroid insecticides.Among the catalysts, 3-benzyl derivative (3d) exhibited moderate enantioselectivities for 1a and other benzaldehydes.
Danda, Hidenori
p. 3743 - 3745
(2007/10/02)

A Triply Convergent Total Synthesis of L-(-)-Prostaglandin E2
This paper details a versatile and efficient total synthesis of l-(-)-PGE2 (3).The key step is a triply convergent conjugate-addition/alkylation reaction involving the 1,4-addition of chiral vinyllithium reagent 7b to chiral vinyl sulfone D-47 to afford sulfone-stabilized anion , which is subsequently alkylated to produce the basic prostaglandin E2 skeleton 70.The synthesis of chiral vinyl sulfone D-47 involves a five step sequence with an enantioconvergent resolution process as one step and produces vinyl sulfone D-47 from readily available sulfide alcohol DL-11 in an overall yield of 36percent.The preparation of D-47 features two steps that utilize stereospecific SN2'reactions.The synthesis of l-(-)-PGE2 (3) involves a seven-step sequence from vinyl sulfone D-47 using mild conditions with an overall yield of 40percent and features an efficient peracetic acid oxidation of secondary amino acid 120 to oximino acid 121, which is, in turn, desulfonylated by 1,4-elimination of phenylsulfinic acid to generate a vinyl nitroso species that undergoes stereospecific 1,4-reduction by sodium borohydride to yield oxime 131.The hydrolysis of oxime 131 to l-(-)-PGE2 (3) using boron trifluoride and paraformaldehyde is the first reported high-yield method (84percent).This gives an overall yield for the synthesis of l-(-)-PGE2 (3) from racemic sulfide alcohol DL-11 of 14.5percent, including the resolution process.
Donaldson, R. E.,Saddler, J. C.,Byrn, S.,McKenzie, A. T.,Fuchs, P. L.
p. 2167 - 2188
(2007/10/02)

KINETIC RESOLUTION OF SECONDARY ALCOHOLS AND AMINES BY MEANS OF S-(-)-α-PHENYLETHYL ISOCYANATE
The kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols and amines was realized with S-(-)-α-phenylethyl isocyanate.It was shown that S-(-)-α-phenylethyl isocyanate can be used to determine the absolute configuration of alkylphenylcarbinols and α-phenylamines.A method is proposed for determination of the absolute configuration of alkylphenylcarbinols with racemic α-phenylethyl isocyanate by GLC.
Kolomiets, V.F.,Gracheva, R.A.,Potapov, V.M.,Samusenko, A.L.
p. 854 - 857
(2007/10/02)