- Synthesis of Dithiolethiones and Identification of Potential Neuroprotective Agents via Activation of Nrf2-Driven Antioxidant Enzymes
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Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of neurodegenerative disorders, and accordingly, dietary supplement of exogenous antioxidants or/and upregulation of the endogenous antioxidant defense system are promising for therapeutic intervention or chemoprevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Nrf2, a master regulator of the cellular antioxidant machinery, cardinally participates in the transcription of cytoprotective genes against oxidative/electrophilic stresses. Herein, we report the synthesis of 59 structurally diverse dithiolethiones and evaluation of their neuroprotection against 6-hydroxydopamine-or H2O2-induced oxidative damages in PC12 cells, a neuron-like rat pheochromocytoma cell line. Initial screening identified compounds 10 and 11 having low cytotoxicity but conferring remarkable protection on PC12 cells from oxidative-mediated damages. Further studies demonstrated that both compounds upregulated a battery of antioxidant genes as well as corresponding genes' products. Significantly, silence of Nrf2 expression abolishes cytoprotection of 10 and 11, indicating targeting Nrf2 activation is pivotal for their cellular functions. Taken together, the two lead compounds discovered here with potent neuroprotective functions against oxidative stress via Nrf2 activation merit further development as therapeutic or chemopreventive candidates for neurodegenerative disorders.
- Bai, Feifei,Fang, Jianguo,Song, Zi-Long,Zhang, Baoxin
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p. 2214 - 2231
(2020/03/06)
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- Switching Selectivity of α-Enolic Dithioesters: One Pot Access to Functionalized 1,2- and 1,3-Dithioles
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An operationally simple cascade protocol has been developed for the construction of 1,2- and 1,3-dithiole derivatives from α-enolic dithioesters. 1,2-Dithioles are achieved by the reaction of dithioesters with elemental sulfur in the presence of InCl3 under solvent-free conditions. 1,3-Dithioles have been constructed via DABCO mediated self-coupling of dithioesters in open air enabling the formation of two new C-S bonds and one ring in a single operation in contiguous fashion. The reactions proceeded smoothly affording the desired sulfur-rich heterocycles in good to excellent yields, exhibiting gram-scale ability and broad functional group tolerance utilizing easy to handle cheap and easily available reagents. The probable mechanisms for the formation of 1,2- and 1,3-dithioles from α-enolic dithioesters have been suggested.
- Koley, Suvajit,Chanda, Tanmoy,Samai, Subhasis,Singh, Maya Shankar
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p. 11594 - 11602
(2016/12/09)
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- N2S2 tetradentate ligands for soft cationic species: preparation of new ligands of potential interest in nuclear medicine
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The synthesis of N2S2 tetradentate ligands of the bis-(enaminothioester) type was carried out starting from 3-(methylthio)-3H-1,2-dithiolylium iodides and diamines.The title compounds, which are potential ligands for soft cationic species, can be obtained from 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol and subsequently modified into the dissymmetrical succinic acid ester of the ligand and N-hydroxysuccinimide.The appendage of such a linking group on the chelating structure should allow further grafting to monoclonal antibodies in view of potential applications in nuclear medicine. 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione / 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol / bis-(enaminothioester) / N2S2 tetradentate ligand / N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester
- Charbonnel-Jobic, Gaelle,Guemas, Jean-Pierre,Adelaere, Bruno,Parrain, Jean-Luc,Quintard, Jean-Paul
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p. 624 - 636
(2007/10/02)
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