- Phase-selective solubility of poly(N-alkylacrylamide)s
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The extent of the phase-selective solubility of poly(N-alkylacrylamide)s was studied by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N-octadecylacrylamide) as representative polar and nonpolar poly(N-alkylacrylamide)s in a mixture of polar and nonpolar thermomorphic solvents. Phase-selective solubilities of greater than 10000:1 were seen with each labeled polymer in polar and nonpolar solvents such as heptane and DMF or heptane and 90% EtOH-H2O. Using a poly(N-acryloxysuccinimide) as a common precursor, a pool-split synthesis was devised to prepare a library of poly(N-alkylacrylamide)s whose members varied only in the size of their N-alkyl substituent. The solubilities of these library members were measured in both the polar and nonpolar phases of a thermomorphic heptane/90% EtOH-H2O mixture at 25°C. Such solvent mixtures are miscible hot (70°C) and biphasic cold (25°C). The results show that poly(N-pentylacrylamide) is selectively soluble (>99.5%) in the polar EtOH-rich phase at rest. Poly(N-alkylacrylamide)s with larger N-alkyl groups are predominantly (C6, 85%; C7, 95%) or exclusively (>C8, >99.5%) in the heptane-rich phase at rest.
- Bergbreiter, David E.,Hughes, Reagan,Besinaiz, Jacqueline,Li, Chunmei,Osburn, Philip L.
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Read Online
- Using soluble polymers in latent biphasic systems
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A new strategy for carrying out reactions with a soluble polymer-bound reagent or catalyst is described. In this latent biphasic process, a solvent mixture at the cusp of immiscibility is prepared and used to carry out a reaction under homogeneous conditions. Then, after the reaction is complete, this mixture is perturbed by the addition of solvent or some other perturbing agent to produce a biphasic mixture. The product-containing phase is then separated under liquid/liquid conditions from the polymer-containing phase. The generality of this process is demonstrated using both dye-labeled polymers as surrogates for polymer-bound catalysts and with various polymer-bound organic and transition metal catalysts or reagents. In cases where a polymeric catalyst is used, the addition of fresh solvent and substrate reforms the original mixture allowing facile reuse of the catalyst.
- Bergbreiter, David E.,Osburn, Philip L.,Smith, Thomas,Li, Chunmei,Frels, Jonathon D.
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- Custom-designed Glycopolymer Syntheses by Terpolymerizations
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Carbohydrate derivatives having lectin binding properties and bearing N-acryloyl functionality have been copolymerized under three-component terpolymerization conditions with acrylamide and N-acryloylated effector molecules to provide water-soluble glycopolymers with custom designed physico-chemical properties.
- Roy, Rene,Tropper, Francois D.,Romanowska, Anna
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Read Online
- Unprecedented Sequence Control and Sequence-Driven Properties in a Series of AB-Alternating Copolymers Consisting Solely of Acrylamide Units
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Herein, we report a method to synthesize a series of alternating copolymers that consist exclusively of acrylamide units. Crucial to realizing this polymer synthesis is the design of a divinyl monomer that contains acrylate and acrylamide moieties connected by two activated ester bonds. This design, which is based on the reactivity ratio of the embedded vinyl groups, allows a “selective” cyclopolymerization, wherein the intramolecular and intermolecular propagation are repeated alternately under dilute conditions. The addition of an amine to the resulting cyclopolymers afforded two different acryl amide units, i.e., an amine-substituted acryl amide and a 2-hydroxy-ethyl-substituted acryl amide in alternating sequence. Using this method, we could furnish ten types of alternating copolymers; some of these exhibit unique properties in solution and in the bulk, which are different from those of the corresponding random copolymers, and we attributed the differences to the alternating sequence.
- Kametani, Yuki,Ouchi, Makoto,Sawamoto, Mitsuo,Tournilhac, Fran?ois
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supporting information
p. 5193 - 5201
(2020/02/18)
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- COMPOSITIONS, TREATING METHODS, AND TREATED FIBROUS SUBSTRATES
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Fluorine free compositions for treating fibrous substrates to make the fibrous substrates water repellent, method for treating the fibrous substrates with said compositions and water repellent fibrous substrates treated with said fluorine free compositions.
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Paragraph 0911
(2020/12/13)
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- Synthesis of sialic-acid-group-containing lipid derivatives and application of sialic-acid-group-containing lipid derivatives in pharmaceutical preparations
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The invention provides sialic-acid-group-containing lipid derivatives which are widely used for particle preparation modification. The structure is disclosed as Formula (1), wherein R1 represents one of -OH, -HNCOCH3 and -NHCOCH2OH; the HN-R2-S segment is from SH-R2-NH2; SH-R2-NH2 is a compound containing primary amino group and mercapto group; the R3 segment is from compounds containing alpha,beta-unsaturated conjugated carbonyl; and the R4 segment is from R4-H which is a compound containing hydroxy or primary amino group. The sialic-acid-group-containing lipid derivatives provided by the invention can be used for surface modification of multiple particle preparations, and endow the modification preparation with the targeted distribution capacity.
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Paragraph 0125; 0126; 0127; 0128; 0129
(2017/06/28)
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- N-alkyl acrylamide intermediate and preparation method thereof and preparation method of N-alkyl acrylamide
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The invention belongs to the field of acrylamide, and particularly relates to an N-alkyl acrylamide intermediate and a preparation method thereof and a preparation method of N-alkyl acrylamide.The preparation method of N-alkyl acrylamide comprises the following steps that a cracking reaction is conducted on a compound with the structure of a formula (I) in the presence of a cracking catalyst, and N-alkyl acrylamide with the structure of a formula (VII) is obtained, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from alkyl, and n is larger than or equal to 0 and smaller than or equal to 30.The yield of N-alkyl acrylamide prepared through the method is high.It is indicated through experimental results that the total yield of N-alkyl acrylamide prepared through the method is larger than 85%.Please see the formulas in the description.
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Paragraph 0159; 0165; 0166
(2017/01/26)
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- METHOD OF PRODUCING N-SUBSTITUTED (METH)ACRYLAMIDE
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of producing N-substituted (meth)acrylamide of high purity under mild conditions. SOLUTION: This invention relates to a method of obtaining N-substituted (meth)acrylamide [3] by the detachment of an amine compound through the liquid-phase thermal decomposition of an aminopropionic acid amide derivative [1] in the presence of a catalyst mainly composed of silica, wherein R1-R5 are represented by H, a C1-32 alkyl group, and a hydroxyalkyl group. COPYRIGHT: (C)2016,JPOandINPIT
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Paragraph 0055; 0061; 0062
(2018/12/12)
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- Continuous recycling of homogeneous Pd/Cu catalysts for cross-coupling reactions
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Given the importance of homogeneous catalysts recycling in organic chemistry, we have developed a unique microfluidic loop system for automated continuous recirculation of a soluble polymer supported metal catalyst for novel isocyanide cross-coupling reactions under thermomorphic multicomponent solvent (TMS) conditions. Our system provides an innovative approach for the chemical library synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives as well as an important intermediate of Merck's LTD4 antagonist "Singulair" with efficient continuous homogeneous catalyst recycling.
- Sharma, Siddharth,Basavaraju,Singh, Ajay K.,Kim, Dong-Pyo
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supporting information
p. 3974 - 3977
(2014/08/18)
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- Process for the preparation of N-substituted acrylamides
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The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of N-substituted acrylamides of the general formula CH2=CH—CONHR, wherein, R is alkyl group having carbon 1 to 22 or acyl group having carbon 1 to 18. The process for the preparation of the N-substituted acrylamides comprises reacting acrylamide with alkyl acyl chloride in the presence of Lewis acid catalyst in an organic solvent at a temperature ranging between room temperature to 50° C. for a period ranging between 1 hour to 24 hours.
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Page column 5
(2008/06/13)
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- Process for the production of N-substituted acrylic acid amides
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The present invention relates to a process for the production of N-substituted acrylic acid amides by conversion of 2-carboalkoxy-t-oxabicyclo(2,2,1)hept-5-enes with primary or secondary amines to 2-carboxamide-7-oxabicyclo(2,2,1)hept-5-enes and the thermal decomposition of the latter, preferably in the presence of Lewis acids and in a vacuum, to furane and N-substituted acrylic acid amides. The process according to the invention results in high purity N-substituted acrylic acid amides that are, in the main, free of bifunctional monomers which would disrupt the subsequent polymerization of the N-substituted acrylic acid amides by undesired cross-linking.
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- Process for the manufacture of α,β-unsaturated N-substituted carboxylic acid amides
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Process for the manufacture of α,β-unsaturated N-substituted carboxylic acid amides of the general formula STR1 in which R1 represents H or CH3 R2 represents H or CH3, and Y represents a divalent straight-chain or branched organic radical having 2-30 carbon atoms, and R3 represents H or the radical of an amine of the formula --N(R4)(R5), in which R4 and R5 represent alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, by reacting β-substituted carboxylic acid amides of the formula STR2 in which Z represents OH or the radical R6 O--, in which R6 is an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, with amines of the general formula at temperatures in the range of 100° to 200° C., preferably 120° to 175° C., with the elimination of ammonia, and heating the resulting N-substituted β-hydroxycarboxylic or β-alkoxycarboxylic acid amides in the presence of catalysts, water or alcohol, respectively, being split off. The water is split off at temperatures of 100°-250° C. with acidic catalysts such as phosphoric acid, or basic catalysts such as sodium hydroxide, and alcohol is split off at 70°-150° C. with basic catalysts such as sodium or potassium hydroxide. The reaction product is separated by distillation, optionally in vacuo.
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