- Azole-Based Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Inhibitors
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The heme enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plays an essential role in immunity, neuronal function, and aging through catalysis of the rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. Many IDO1 inhibitors with different chemotypes have been developed, mainly targeted for use in anti-cancer immunotherapy. Lead optimization of direct heme iron-binding inhibitors has proven difficult due to the remarkable selectivity and sensitivity of the heme-ligand interactions. Here, we present experimental data for a set of closely related small azole compounds with more than 4 orders of magnitude differences in their inhibitory activities, ranging from millimolar to nanomolar levels. We investigate and rationalize their activities based on structural data, molecular dynamics simulations, and density functional theory calculations. Our results not only expand the presently known four confirmed chemotypes of sub-micromolar heme binding IDO1 inhibitors by two additional scaffolds but also provide a model to predict the activities of novel scaffolds.
- R?hrig, Ute F.,Majjigapu, Somi Reddy,Reynaud, Aline,Pojer, Florence,Dilek, Nahzli,Reichenbach, Patrick,Ascencao, Kelly,Irving, Melita,Coukos, George,Vogel, Pierre,Michielin, Olivier,Zoete, Vincent
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p. 2205 - 2227
(2021/03/01)
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- Aminoisoxazoles as Potent Inhibitors of Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase 2 (TDO2)
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Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO2) catalyzes the conversion of tryptophan to the immunosuppressive metabolite kynurenine. TDO2 overexpression has been observed in a number of cancers; therefore, TDO inhibition may be a useful therapeutic intervention for
- Pei, Zhonghua,Mendonca, Rohan,Gazzard, Lewis,Pastor, Richard,Goon, Leanne,Gustafson, Amy,Vanderporten, Erica,Hatzivassiliou, Georgia,Dement, Kevin,Cass, Robert,Yuen, Po-Wai,Zhang, Yamin,Wu, Guosheng,Lin, Xingyu,Liu, Yichin,Sellers, Benjamin D.
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supporting information
p. 417 - 421
(2018/05/23)
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- Design, synthesis, and antifungal activity of inhibitors of brassilexin detoxification in the plant pathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria maculans
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Potential inhibitors of Leptosphaeria maculans mediated detoxification of the phytoalexin brassilexin were designed and synthesized based on the planar heteroaromatic structure of isothiazolo[5,4-b]indole. Screening of these compounds for inhibition of br
- Pedras, M. Soledade C.,Suchy, Mojmir
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p. 714 - 723
(2007/10/03)
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- A SYNTHESIS OF WITHASOMNINE FROM 4-PHENYLPYRAZOLE
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Withasomnine (5), a pyrazole alkaloid isolated from Withania somnifera Dun.(Solanaceae), has been synthesized from 4-phenylpyrazole(1), a compound with potential symmetry.
- Takano, Seiichi,Imamura, Yoko,Ogasawara, Kunio
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p. 1223 - 1225
(2007/10/02)
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