- N-Alkylphthalimides: Structural requirement of thalidomidal action on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor necrosis factor α production by human leukemia HL-60 cells
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Phthalimide analogs N-substituted with n-butyl, tert-butyl, hexyl and adamantyl groups were designed and prepared as simplified analogs of thalidomide and methylthalidomide. All the compounds prepared except N-n-butylphthalimide showed thalidomidal activity on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production by human leukemia HL-60 cells. Among the investigated compounds, including thalidomide and methylthalidomide, N-adamantylphthalimide showed the most potent TNF-α production-enhancing activity.
- Shibata,Shichita,Sasaki,Nishimura,Hashimoto,Iwasaki
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Read Online
- Polyethylene glycol as a nonionic liquid solvent for the synthesis of N-alkyl and N-arylimides
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Polyethylene glycol (PEG) an inexpensive, nontoxic, environmentally friendly reaction medium for the synthesis of N-alkyl and N-arylphthalimides to afford the corresponding adducts in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. The use of PEG avoids the use of acidic or basic catalysts, and moreover PEG could be recovered and reused.
- Liang, Jun,Lv, Jing,Fan, Ji-Cai,Shang, Zhi-Cai
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Read Online
- Copper-catalyzed oxidation of arene-fused cyclic amines to cyclic imides
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A novel copper-catalyzed oxidation of arene-fused cyclic amines to the corresponding cyclic imides has been developed. The reaction can be used to synthesize 1,3-disubstituted TPD in high yields.
- Yan, Xiaoyu,Fang, Kun,Liu, Hailan,Xi, Chanjuan
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Read Online
- Carbonylative cyclization of o-halobenzoic acids for synthesis of N-substituted phthalimides using polymer-supported palladium-N-heterocyclic carbene as an efficient, heterogeneous, and reusable catalyst
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The carbonylative cyclization of o-iodobenzoic acid with a variety of primary amines and carbon monoxide (1 bar) using a polymer-supported palladium-N-heterocyclic carbene complex (PS-Pd-NHC) as the catalyst gives N-substituted 1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-diones (phthalimides) in good to excellent yields with a short reaction time. The catalyst is efficient, heterogeneous, and phosphine-free, it exhibited remarkable activity and it is also recyclable (4 consecutive cycles). The use of methyl o-iodobenzoate as the substrate under these conditions also gave N-substituted 1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-diones, but with lower yields. Cyclization of o-iodobenzyl alcohol with carbon monoxide under these conditions gave isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (phthalide). Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.
- Khedkar, Mayur V.,Khan, Shoeb R.,Dhake, Kishor P.,Bhanage, Bhalchandra M.
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Read Online
- Wavelength dependent photoextrusion and tandem photo-extrusion reactions of ninhydrin bis-acetals for the synthesis of 8-ring lactones, benzocyclobutenes and orthoanhydrides
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Ninhydrin bis-acetals give access to 8-ring lactones, benzocyclo-butenes and spirocyclic orthoanhydrides through photoextrusion and tandem photoextrusion reactions. Syntheses of fimbricalyxlactone B, isoshihunine and numerous biologically-relevant heteroc
- George, Michael W.,Hanson-Heine, Magnus W. D.,Harrowven, David C.,Kayal, Surajit,Light, Mark E.,Raimbach, William A. T.,Sun, Wei,Sun, Xue-Zhong
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p. 1546 - 1549
(2022/02/14)
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- Electroselective and Controlled Reduction of Cyclic Imides to Hydroxylactams and Lactams
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An efficient and practical electrochemical method for selective reduction of cyclic imides has been developed using a simple undivided cell with carbon electrodes at room temperature. The reaction provides a useful strategy for the rapid synthesis of hydroxylactams and lactams in a controllable manner, which is tuned by electric current and reaction time, and exhibits broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance even to reduction-sensitive moieties. Initial mechanistic studies suggest that the approach heavily relies on the utilization of amines (e.g., i-Pr2NH), which are able to generate α-aminoalkyl radicals. This protocol provides an efficient route for the cleavage of C-O bonds under mild conditions with high chemoselectivity.
- Bai, Ya,Shi, Lingling,Zheng, Lianyou,Ning, Shulin,Che, Xin,Zhang, Zhuoqi,Xiang, Jinbao
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supporting information
p. 2298 - 2302
(2021/04/05)
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- Preparation method of N-alkyl phthalimide
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The invention discloses a preparation method of N-alkyl phthalimide. The method comprises the steps: taking phthalic anhydride as a raw material, taking an aqueous solution of alkylamine as an imidization reagent ( no other reagents do not need to be added), and directly synthesizing the N-alkyl phthalimide, wherein the yield is high (96% or above), and the purity is high (99% or above). The preparation method is loose in reaction condition, simple in step and easy to implement; no organic solvent is needed, no other substances are discharged except water, and the method is green, free of pollution and suitable for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0023-0024
(2021/03/13)
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- Preparation method of N - alkyl -4 -nitrophthalimide
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The invention discloses a preparation method of N - alkyl -4 -nitrophthalimide, which comprises the following steps of 1) mixing phthalic anhydride, alkyl aldehyde and inorganic amine, reacting under the action of hydrogen, cooling and crystallizing, and drying to obtain N -alkyl phthalimide. Step 2) The 1 alkylphthalimide obtained in step N -) is subjected to nitration reaction, and the product is purified and dried to obtain the N -alkyl -4 -nitrophthalimide. The alkyl aldehyde in step 1) is preferably an alkyl aldehyde of carbon 1 - 4. The preparation method has the advantages of wide raw material source, low price, simple process, easiness in large-scale production and the like. Through one-step synthesis, the reaction efficiency is high, the device is simple and easy to operate, and green and environment-friendly.
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Paragraph 0049-0050
(2021/10/27)
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- Sustainable System for Hydrogenation Exploiting Energy Derived from Solar Light
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Herein described is a sustainable system for hydrogenation that uses solar light as the ultimate source of energy. The system consists of two steps. Solar energy is captured and chemically stored in the first step; exposure of a solution of azaxanthone in ethanol to solar light causes an energy storing dimerization of the ketone to produce a sterically strained 1,2-diol. In the second step, the chemical energy stored in the vicinal diol is released and used for hydrogenation; the diol offers hydrogen onto alkenes and splits back to azaxanthone, which is easily recovered and reused repeatedly for capturing solar energy.
- Ishida, Naoki,Kamae, Yoshiki,Ishizu, Keigo,Kamino, Yuka,Naruse, Hiroshi,Murakami, Masahiro
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supporting information
p. 2217 - 2220
(2021/02/16)
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- One-Pot Deoxygenation and Substitution of Alcohols Mediated by Sulfuryl Fluoride
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Sulfuryl fluoride is a valuable reagent for the one-pot activation and derivatization of aliphatic alcohols, but the highly reactive alkyl fluorosulfate intermediates limit both the types of reactions that can be accessed as well as the scope. Herein, we report the SO2F2-mediated alcohol substitution and deoxygenation method that relies on the conversion of fluorosulfates to alkyl halide intermediates. This strategy allows the expansion of SO2F2-mediated one-pot processes to include radical reactions, where the alkyl halides can also be exploited in the one-pot deoxygenation of primary alcohols under mild conditions (52-95% yield). This strategy can also enhance the scope of substitutions to nucleophiles that are previously incompatible with one-pot SO2F2-mediated alcohol activation and enables substitution of primary and secondary alcohols in 54-95% yield. Chiral secondary alcohols undergo a highly stereospecific (90-98% ee) double nucleophilic displacement with an overall retention of configuration.
- Epifanov, Maxim,Mo, Jia Yi,Dubois, Rudy,Yu, Hao,Sammis, Glenn M.
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p. 3768 - 3777
(2021/03/01)
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- Palladium Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted Biaryl Amides through Decarbonylative Arylation of Phthalimides
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The Pd(OAc)2 catalyzed cross-coupling of N-substituted phthalimides with aryl halide provides a single step direct access of a wide range of synthetically appealing ortho-substituted biarylamides in high yields through unique carbonyl (CO) replacement. The reaction proceeds through a ligand-free condition and is well tolerant to the diverse functionality of both imide and halide units. The reaction negates any requirement of organometallic reagent and needs a shorter reaction time and comparatively lower temperature as required for previously reported decarbonylative processes.
- Samanta, Partha Kumar,Biswas, Papu
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p. 3968 - 3976
(2019/03/26)
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- Method for constructing N-(n-butyl)phthalimide in one step by using imine as starting material
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The invention discloses a method for constructing N-(n-butyl)phthalimide in one step by using an imine as a starting material. (E)-N-butyl-1- phenylmethylenimine used as a reaction raw material undergoes a carbonylation reaction to construct the N-(n-butyl)phthalimide in one step. The method has the characteristics of mild reaction conditions, simple operation process and excellent yield.
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Paragraph 0022-0023; 0035-0038; 0041-0053
(2019/02/13)
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- Graphene Oxide: A Metal-Free Carbocatalyst for the Synthesis of Diverse Amides under Solvent-Free Conditions
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An environmentally friendly, inexpensive, carbocatalyst, graphene oxide (GO) promoted efficient, metal-free transamidation of various carboxamides with aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic amines is demonstrated. The protocol is equally applicable to phthalimide, urea, and thioamide determining its adaptability. The oxygenated functionalities such as carbonyl (?C=O), epoxy (?O?), carboxyl (?COOH) and hydroxyl (?OH), present on graphene oxide surface impart acidic properties to the catalyst. The graphene oxide being heterogeneous in nature, work efficiently under solvent-free reaction conditions providing desired products in good to excellent yields. The one-pot synthesis of 2,3-Dihydro-5H-benzo[b]-1,4-thiazepin-4-one moiety by GO catalyzed Aza Michael addition followed by intramolecular transamidation is also described. A plausible reaction mechanistic pathway involving H-bonding is discussed. The graphene oxide can be recycled and reused up to five cycles without much loss in catalytic activity. (Figure presented.).
- Patel, Khushbu P.,Gayakwad, Eknath M.,Patil, Vilas V.,Shankarling, Ganapati S.
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supporting information
p. 2107 - 2116
(2019/03/26)
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- Citric acid stabilized on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for transamidation of carboxamides, phthalimide, urea and thiourea with amines under neat conditions
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Abstract: Citric acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4–CA NPs) were successfully prepared and characterized. This magnetic nanocatalyst was employed as an efficient, recyclable, and environmentally benign heterogeneous catalyst for the transamidation of carboxamides, phthalimide, urea and thiourea with amines. Several derivatives of formylated and transamidated products were synthesized in good to excellent yields in the presence of this catalytic system. And, the catalyst could be easily separated from the reaction mixture using an external magnet and can be reused six times without any significant loss in its catalytic activity. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Arefi, Marzban,Kazemi Miraki, Maryam,Mostafalu, Ramin,Satari, Mohammad,Heydari, Akbar
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p. 393 - 400
(2019/01/28)
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- Direct C-C Bond Formation from Alkanes Using Ni-Photoredox Catalysis
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A method for direct cross coupling between unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds and chloroformates has been accomplished via nickel and photoredox catalysis. A diverse range of feedstock chemicals, such as (a)cyclic alkanes and toluenes, along with late-stage intermediates, undergo intermolecular C-C bond formation to afford esters under mild conditions using only 3 equiv of the C-H partner. Site selectivity is predictable according to bond strength and polarity trends that are consistent with the intermediacy of a chlorine radical as the hydrogen atom-abstracting species.
- Ackerman, Laura K. G.,Martinez Alvarado, Jesus I.,Doyle, Abigail G.
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supporting information
p. 14059 - 14063
(2018/10/24)
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- A method for utilizing the carbonylation reaction one-pot synthesis N - substituted phthalimide method
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The invention relates to a one-pot method for synthesizing N-substituted phthalimide through carbonylation. The method comprises the following steps: adding aromatic aldehyde, amine, a metal palladium catalyst and a solvent into a reaction container, then adding a copper salt as an oxidizing agent and carrying out stirring for 4 to 24 h at normal temperature; sleeving the reaction container with a balloon filled with carbon monoxide and oxygen and carrying out a stirring reaction at 40 to 150 DEG C for 12 to 72 h; after completion of the reaction, carrying out cooling to room temperature and dismounting the balloon; subjecting a reaction solution to filtering and carrying out pressure reduced evaporation to remove a solvent so as to obtain a crude product; and subjecting the crude product to column chromatographic purification so as to obtain the N-substituted phthalimide. The one-pot method for synthesizing N-substituted phthalimide through carbonylation is simple and safe to operate, uses easily available and cheap raw materials, has good function group applicability and can be used for synthesis of a plurality of drug molecules; and the method has excellent yield, is favorable for industrial production and has important application values in organic synthesis.
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Paragraph 0131; 0132
(2018/02/04)
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- Carbonylation Access to Phthalimides Using Self-Sufficient Directing Group and Nucleophile
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Herein we report a novel palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation reaction for the synthesis of phthalimides with high atom- and step-economy. In our strategy, the imine and H2O, which are generated in situ from the condensation of aldehyde and amine, serve as self-sufficient directing group and nucleophile, respectively. This method provides rapid access to phthalimides starting from readily available materials in a one-pot manner. Various phthalimide derivatives are constructed efficiently, including medicinally and biologically active phthalimide-containing compounds.
- Ji, Fanghua,Li, Jianxiao,Li, Xianwei,Guo, Wei,Wu, Wanqing,Jiang, Huanfeng
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p. 104 - 112
(2018/02/19)
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- The aminocarbonylation of 1,2-diiodoarenes with primary and secondary amines catalyzed by palladium complexes with imidazole ligands
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The efficient carbonylative cyclization of 1,2-diiodobenzene with different primary and secondary amines was performed using a palladium complex with an imidazole ligand, PdCl2(BIM)2, as a catalyst. In reactions performed at 1 atm of CO with primary amines, phthalimides were obtained as the only products with yields of up to 100% in 4 h. An even shorter time, 1 h, was sufficient to obtain the same products employing methyl-2-iodobenzoate as a substrate instead of 1,2-diiodobenzene. In an analogous reaction with secondary amines, 1,2-diiodobenzene was converted to three products, formed in amounts dependent on the reaction conditions. The presence of Pd NPs and soluble palladium intermediates indicated their participation in the catalytic reaction.
- Wójcik, Przemys?aw,Trzeciak, Anna M.
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- Unmasking Amides: Ruthenium-Catalyzed Protodecarbonylation of N-Substituted Phthalimide Derivatives
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The unprecedented transformation of a wide range of synthetically appealing phthalimides into amides in a single-step operation has been achieved in high yields and short reaction times using a ruthenium catalyst. Mechanistic studies revealed a unique, homogeneous pathway involving five-membered ring opening and CO2 release with water being the source of protons.
- Yuan, Yu-Chao,Kamaraj, Raghu,Bruneau, Christian,Labasque, Thierry,Roisnel, Thierry,Gramage-Doria, Rafael
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supporting information
p. 6404 - 6407
(2017/12/08)
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- MANGANESE BASED COMPLEXES AND USES THEREOF FOR HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS
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The present invention relates to novel manganese complexes and their use, inter alia, for homogeneous catalysis in (1) the preparation of imine by dehydrogenative coupling of an alcohol and amine; (2) C-C coupling in Michael addition reaction using nitriles as Michael donors; (3) dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols to give esters and hydrogen gas (4) hydrogenation of esters to form alcohols (including hydrogenation of cyclic esters (lactones) or cyclic di-esters (di- lactones), or polyesters); (5) hydrogenation of amides (including cyclic dipeptides, lactams, diamide, polypeptides and polyamides) to alcohols and amines (or diamine); (6) hydrogenation of organic carbonates (including polycarbonates) to alcohols or hydrogenation of carbamates (including polycarbamates) or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; (7) dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones; (8) amidation of esters (i.e., synthesis of amides from esters and amines); (9) acylation of alcohols using esters; (10) coupling of alcohols with water and a base to form carboxylic acids; and (11) preparation of amino acids or their salts by coupling of amino alcohols with water and a base. (12) preparation of amides (including formamides, cyclic dipeptides, diamide, lactams, polypeptides and polyamides) by dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols and amines; (13) preparation of imides from diols.
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Paragraph 00395
(2017/09/05)
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- Synthetic method for N-substituted imide
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The invention provides a synthetic method for N-substituted imide. According to the method, aromatic ketone and amine are used as substrates, air or oxygen is used as an oxygen source, and cyclic imide is produced under liquid phase conditions under the action of a catalyst. The method is mild in conditions, high in oxidation efficiency and high in product yield; and since the method uses air or oxygen as the oxygen source, the method is economic and environment-friendly and has good application prospect.
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Paragraph 0016; 0028; 0029; 0030; 0031
(2017/04/20)
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- Transamidation catalysed by a magnetically separable Fe3O4 nano catalyst under solvent-free conditions
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An environmentally benign protocol for transamidation of carboxamides with different amines under solvent free conditions using magnetically separable nano Fe3O4 as a heterogeneous catalyst is developed. The series of aryl and alkyl amines with long chain alkyl substituents have been selectively converted into transamide products. The current protocol offers a diverse substrate scope with good yield of the product. The Fe3O4 nano catalyst has also been used for formylation of amines via transamidation of dimethyl formamide. Efficient transamidation, ease of work up, simple separation and reusability of the catalyst for up to six runs are the important highlights of this process.
- Thale, Pranila B.,Borase, Pravin N.,Shankarling, Ganapati S.
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p. 52724 - 52728
(2016/06/14)
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- N-Heterocyclic carbene-mediated redox condensation of alcohols
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N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) with a variety of oxidants promote the Mitsunobu-type coupling reactions of alcohols with phenols, carboxylic acids, and phthalimide. Experiments using a chiral alcohol indicate that these reactions proceed via SN1 or SN2 pathways depending on the polarity of the used solvents. The NHCs are consumed as reducing reagents to form their oxides as readily separable byproducts.
- Kato, Terumasa,Matsuoka, Shin-Ichi,Suzuki, Masato
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supporting information
p. 8569 - 8572
(2016/07/13)
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- Cuprous Oxide Catalyzed Oxidative C-C Bond Cleavage for C-N Bond Formation: Synthesis of Cyclic Imides from Ketones and Amines
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Selective oxidative cleavage of a C-C bond offers a straightforward method to functionalize organic skeletons. Reported herein is the oxidative C-C bond cleavage of ketone for C-N bond formation over a cuprous oxide catalyst with molecular oxygen as the oxidant. A wide range of ketones and amines are converted into cyclic imides with moderate to excellent yields. In-depth studies show that both α-C-H and β-C-H bonds adjacent to the carbonyl groups are indispensable for the C-C bond cleavage. DFT calculations indicate the reaction is initiated with the oxidation of the α-C-H bond. Amines lower the activation energy of the C-C bond cleavage, and thus promote the reaction. New insight into the C-C bond cleavage mechanism is presented.
- Wang, Min,Lu, Jianmin,Ma, Jiping,Zhang, Zhe,Wang, Feng
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supporting information
p. 14061 - 14065
(2016/01/25)
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- Reactant cum solvent water: Generation of transient λ3-hypervalent iodine, its reactivity, mechanism and broad application
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An outstanding amidation/imidation process is demonstrated under metal-free benign reaction conditions by grafting terminal alkynes with varied amines and reactant cum solvent water. We explored diverse substrate scope in the nonconventional approach for synthesis of several classes of valuable compounds bearing amide linkages such as N-tosyl, N-aminotosyl, N-oxobenzyl, N-alkylated sugar-based secondary and tertiary chiral amides and also exploiting it for synthesis of valuable cyclic imides through simultaneous activation of triple bond and sp2C-H of aldehyde. The in situ-generated powerful reagent PhI(OH)2 enables selective cleavage and functionalization of terminal C-C triple bonds through simultaneous construction of C-N and C=O bonds. A measurable breakthrough in time-resolved ATR-MIR spectroscopy of the ongoing λ3-hypervalent iodine controlled reaction revealed formation of the unknown intermediates. The ATR-MIR technology is used for identifying infrared (IR) spectra of the individual intermediate/component present in the reaction mixture, which contains several compounds. The structures of the intermediates and their IR spectra were determined by DFT study. This unprecedented combination of experimental results and theoretical prediction provided useful information regarding the reaction insights such as the cleavage of triple bond, amination and amidation in the complex reaction process involving λ3-hypervalent iodine-bearing labile intermediates to the desired amide. The NMR and labelling (2H and 18O) studies supported the DFT-IR predicted reaction pathway.
- Khamarui, Saikat,Maiti, Rituparna,Mondal, Ramij R.,Maiti, Dilip K.
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p. 106633 - 106643
(2016/01/08)
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- Metal-free C-N cross-coupling of electrophilic compounds and N-haloimides
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When DBU is added, the cross-coupling reaction between alkyl halides (halogen = Cl, Br and I) and N-haloimides (halogen = Cl, Br) occurs, resulting in the formation of aminated products. A halogen bond activated nucleophilic substitution mechanism was proposed. The methodology represents an elegant example of applying the halogen bond activation strategy in an organic transformation.
- Zhang, Luyan,Li, Yanru,Jin, Long-Yi,Liang, Fushun
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p. 65600 - 65603
(2015/08/18)
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- A metal-free approach for transamidation of amides with amines in aqueous media
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An efficient, environmentally benign and a mild protocol for transamidation of amides with a variety of amines in the presence of K2S2O8 using stoichiometric quantity in aqueous conditions has been established. This method works under conventional thermal conditions and in microwave irradiation as well. A series of amides have been prepared using this reaction and this is a greener protocol for transamidation, which offers a diverse kind of substrate scope with exclusive product formation (yields 90-98%).
- Srinivas, Mahesuni,Hudwekar, Abhinandan D.,Venkateswarlu, Vunnam,Reddy, G. Lakshma,Kumar, K. A. Aravinda,Vishwakarma, Ram A.,Sawant, Sanghapal D.
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supporting information
p. 4775 - 4779
(2015/07/20)
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- Colloid and nano-sized catalysts in organic synthesis: X. Synthesis of carboxamides by direct amidation of carboxylic acids and transamidation catalyzed by colloid copper
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Abstract It was found that in the presence of colloid copper the direct amidation of some carboxylic acids with primary and secondary amines in benzene with azeotropic distillation of water became possible. The catalyst was proven to be suitable also for transamidation reaction of a number of carboxylic acid amides under mild conditions in solvent-free conditions.
- Mokhov,Popov, Yu. V.,Budko
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p. 820 - 826
(2015/06/08)
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- Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of morpholino-1H-phenalene derivatives that antagonize Mcl-1/Bcl-2
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We report herein characteristic studies of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 dual inhibitors. It was found that a protruding carbonyl group forming hydrogen bond with R263 plays a predominant role compared with the hydrophobic group that occupies the p2 pocket. A series of dual inhibitors representing different parts of the morpholino-1H-phenalene were designed, synthesized and evaluated.
- Li, Xiangqian,Liang, Xiaomeng,Song, Ting,Su, Pengchen,Zhang, Zhichao
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p. 5738 - 5746
(2015/02/02)
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- Nonsymmetrical azocarbonamide carboxylates as effective Mitsunobu reagents
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A family of nonsymmetrical Mitsunobu reagents possessing both dialkyl amide and ester substituents was developed. These new reagents were readily prepared in a single pot from inexpensive, commercially available materials by using a scalable and environmentally friendly procedure. They were shown to exhibit activity parallel to that of diethyl azodicarboxylate/diisopropyl azodicarboxylate in a wide variety of Mitsunobu reactions. Importantly, the acyl hydrazine reaction byproducts were readily separable from the crude mixture by standard aqueous workup. In addition, the discovery of effective nonsymmetrical Mitsunobu reagents offers new directions for the ongoing development of this important reaction.
- Furkert, Daniel P.,Breitenbach, Benjamin,Juen, Ludovic,Sroka, Ina,Pantin, Mathilde,Brimble, Margaret A.
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supporting information
p. 7806 - 7809
(2015/02/02)
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- Practical synthesis of phthalimides and benzamides by a multicomponent reaction involving arynes, isocyanides, and CO2/H2O
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Transition-metal-free multicomponent reactions involving arynes and isocyanides with either CO2 or H2O have been reported. With CO2 as the third component, the reactions resulted in the formation of N-substituted phthalimides. The utility of water as the third component furnished benzamide derivatives in moderate to good yields. These reactions took place under mild conditions with broad scope.
- Kaicharla, Trinadh,Thangaraj, Manikandan,Biju, Akkattu T.
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supporting information
p. 1728 - 1731
(2014/04/17)
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- Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of phthalimides from 1,2-dibromoarenes with molybdenum hexacarbonyl as carbon monoxide source
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We describe here a convenient and mild, carbon monoxide gas-free palladium-catalyzed procedure to obtain N-substituted phthalimides with molybdenum hexacarbonyl as carbon monoxide precursor. These conditions tolerate a number of functional groups on the benzene ring as well as a number of amines and give the corresponding phthalimides in good to excellent yields. Copyright
- Wu, Xiao-Feng,Oschatz, Stefan,Sharif, Muhammad,Flader, Anika,Krey, Lisa,Beller, Matthias,Langer, Peter
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supporting information
p. 3581 - 3585
(2014/01/06)
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- Preparation of ionic liquid-based vilsmier reagent from novel multi-purpose dimethyl formamide-like ionic liquid and its application
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In continuation of research to explore the applied potential of DMF-like ionic liquid, the ionic liquid version of N,N-dimethyliminiumchloride (Vilsmier reagent) has been synthesized from DMF-like ionic liquid and tested effectively for its capacity to achieve more useful organic transformations. The results show that DMF-like ionic liquid is world's first task specific ionic liquid which has catalyzed numerous diverse type of reaction and is multipurpose in its application. Thus a new term for this DMF-like ionic liquid has been coined that is DMF-like "multipurpose" ionic liquid. Copyright
- Hullio, Ahmed Ali,Mastoi
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scheme or table
p. 1647 - 1657
(2012/09/21)
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- Efficient cesium carbonate promoted N-alkylations of aromatic cyclic imides under microwave irradiation
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We present here an efficient and simple method for the N-alkylation of aromatic cyclic imides employing cesium carbonate as the base in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide at low temperatures (20-70 °C). The employment of microwave irradiation presents noteworthy advantages over conventional heating. The method is compatible with base labile functional groups. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart - New York.
- Escudero, Mercedes Isasmendi,Kremenchuzky, Lautaro D.,Perillo, Isabel A.,Cerecetto, Hugo,Blanco, Maria M.
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experimental part
p. 571 - 576
(2011/04/15)
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- Palladium on carbon: An efficient, heterogeneous and reusable catalytic system for carbonylative synthesis of N-substituted phthalimides
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The application of palladium on carbon (Pd/C) as a heterogeneous recyclable catalyst was investigated for the double carbonylation of o-dihaloarenes with amines providing excellent yield of N-substituted phthalimides in shorter reaction time as compared to earlier reported homogeneous protocols. Furthermore, the scope of the developed protocol was applied for the synthesis N-substituted phthalimides from o-halobenzoates and o-halobenzoic acid via a single step carbonylative cyclization reaction. The developed methodology describes an efficient one-step approach for the synthesis of an important class of heterocycles and tolerates a wide variety of functional groups. It circumvents the use of phosphine ligands with an additional advantage of catalyst recyclability for up to eight consecutive cycles. Copyright
- Khedkar, Mayur V.,Khan, Shoeb R.,Sawant, Dinesh N.,Bagal, Dattatraya B.,Bhanage, Bhalchandra M.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 3415 - 3422
(2012/02/05)
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- Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of benzamides with carbon monoxide
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An efficient strategy for the oxidative carbonylation of aromatic amides via C-H/N-H activation to form phthalimides using an Rh(iii) catalyst has been developed. The reaction shows a preference for C-H bonds of electron-rich aromatic amides and tolerates a variety of functional groups. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011.
- Du, Ya,Hyster, Todd K.,Rovis, Tomislav
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p. 12074 - 12076
(2011/12/14)
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- 2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine/dimethylformamide as an efficient reagent for one-pot conversion of alcohols into N-alkylphthalimides
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An efficient and mild method for the direct conversion of alcohols into N-alkylphthalimides using 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and dimethylformamide was described. The reaction was preceded via (alcoxymethylene) dimethylammonium chloride intermediate an
- Mokhtari, Babak,Azadi, Roya,Azhdari, Aseieh
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experimental part
p. 171 - 174
(2010/11/18)
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- Nickel-catalyzed coupling of isocyanates with 1,3-iodoesters and halobenzenes: A novel method for the synthesis of imide and amide derivatives
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Substituted imide and amide derivatives were conveniently prepared from the reaction of isocyanates with o-iodobenzoates and haloarenes catalyzed by the NiBr2(dppe)/dppe/Zn system in moderate to good yields with excellent tolerance of functional groups. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2005.
- Hsieh, Jen-Chieh,Cheng, Chien-Hong
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p. 4554 - 4556
(2007/10/03)
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- Organic reactions in ionic liquids: Ionic liquid-promoted efficient synthesis of N-alkyl and N-arylphthalimides
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Phthalic anhydride reacts rapidly with Aromatic and aliphatic amines in ionic liquid [Bmim][PF6] or [Bmim][BF4] at 130°C to give N-aryl and N-alkylphthalimides in excellent yields.
- Le, Zhang-Gao,Chen, Zhen-Chu,Hu, Yi,Zheng, Qin-Guo
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p. 735 - 737
(2007/10/03)
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- Organic Reactions in Ionic liquids: N-Alkylation of Phthalimide and Several Nitrogen Heterocycles
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N-Alkylation of heterocyclic compounds bearing an acidic hydrogen atom attached to nitrogen with alkyl halides is accomplished in ionic liquids ([bmim]BF4= 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium te trafluoroborate, [bmim]PF6 = 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [buPy]BF4 = butylpyridiniurri tetrafluoroborate) in the presence of potassium hydroxide as a base. In this manner, phthalimide, indole, benzimidazole, succinimide can be successfully alkylated. The procedure is convenient, efficient, and generally affords the N-alkylated product exclusively.
- Le, Zhang-Gao,Chen, Zhen-Chu,Hu, Yi,Zheng, Qin-Guo
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p. 208 - 212
(2007/10/03)
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- Organic reactions in ionic liquids: N-alkylation of cyclic imides with alkyl halides promoted by potassium fluoride
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An ionic liquid based on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate is used as an efficient reusable reaction medium in the N-alkylation of cyclic imides with alkyl halides promoted by fluoride ion.
- Hu, Yi,Chen, Zhen-Chu,Le, Zhang-Gao,Zheng, Qin-Guo
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p. 276 - 278
(2007/10/03)
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- Evaluation of N-hydroxymethylphthalimide in alkaline medium: Novel entry to the tricyclic [1,3]oxazepine core via an intramolecular π and O-cationic cyclization
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Fused isoindolo[1,3]benzo(or thieno)oxazepines 8a,b and one of their positional isomers aromatic tricyclic N,O-acetals 13b are reported to occur efficiently in a three-step sequence from N-hydroxy-methylphthalimide (6). The key step of this methodology is the intramolecular arylation of an endocyclic and/or exocyclic N-acyliminium cation. The mechanism leading to these species, in particular to a tricyclic lactam 13b, is discussed.
- Cul, Armelle,Chihab-Eddine, Abderrahim,Pesquet, Anthony,Marchalin, Stefan,Daich, Adam
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p. 499 - 505
(2007/10/03)
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- Protection of amino group as N-phthalyl derivative using microwave irradiation
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The amino groups for various substrates are protected as N-phthalyl derivatives using solvent free neat condition under microwave exposure.
- Khadilkar, Bhushan M.,Madyar, Virendra R.
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p. 1083 - 1085
(2007/10/03)
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- Cocaine derivative, protein conjugate thereof, monoclonal antibody producing cell line, method for preparing the cell line and monoclonal antibody
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A method for preparing a cocaine-protein conjugate easily by using a cocaine derivative having a methoxy carbonyl group and benzoyl group. This conjugate is useful for the detection of cocaine or cocaine derivatives. A monoclonal antibody, a monoclonal antibody producing cell line, and a method for producing the monoclonal antibody producing cell line by using the above cocaine-protein conjugate as an immunogen is also described. The method of the invention comprises preparing a cocaine-protein conjugate with a pyridyl dithiococaine derivative of Formula (I): where R is either H or R′; and where R′ is: wherein n=1 to 4 and Ph is a benzene ring, and wherein said monoclonal antibody detects 10?9M cocaine; and which derivative binds to a protein by a disulfide bond; immunizing A/J mouse with the conjugate; fusing its spleen cell and a myeloma cell line; cloning the fusion to produce a monoclonal antibody producing cell line; culturing the cell line, and purifying a supernatant of the culture to form a monoclonal antibody to specifically bind to cocaine or cocaine derivatives.
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- Prostanoids and related compounds. VII. Synthesis and inhibitory activity of 1-isoindolinone derivatives possessing inhibitory activity against thromboxane A2 analog (U-46619)-induced vasoconstriction
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We have synthesized a series of novel 1-isoindolinone derivatives, which inhibited the contraction of pig coronary artery induced by U-46619, a thromboxane A2 analog.
- Kato, Yoshiaki,Takemoto, Masumi,Achiwa, Kazuo
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p. 529 - 535
(2007/10/03)
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- A mild, selective, PyBOP mediated procedure for the conversion of primary Amines into phthalimides
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A new method for the protection of primary amines or amino alcohols as phthalimides is described. The phthaloyl group is selectively introduced under mild, anhydrous conditions by reacting the amine with 2- (ethoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid activated by PyBOP, followed by the thermally induced cyclization of the resulting phthalamic ester. These reaction conditions are applicable to a variety of primary amines and good yields are obtained in all cases.
- Aguilar, Núria,Moyano, Albert,Pericàs, Miquel A.,Riera, Antoni
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p. 313 - 316
(2007/10/03)
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- Process for preparing bis(ether anhydrides) using alkylamine derived bisimides having low melting temperatures
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A process for making bis(ether anhydrides) employs alkylamines having low melting temperatures thus allowing for novel intermediate process steps for preparing bis(ether anhydrides). The alkylamines have alkyl groups which contain at least three carbon atoms and have boiling temperatures in the range of 48° to 250° C. at atmospheric pressure. As a result of using these amines, liquid alkylamines now can be employed in the imidization process step. The N-alkyl nitrophthalimides prepared from the recovered imidization product according to this invention can now be purified using liquid/liquid extraction or vacuum distillation. The alkyl nitrophthalimides prepared according to this invention provide for displacement reactions which now can be run at a high solids level. Likewise, the exchange reaction can be run at a higher solids level, and thus achieves an efficiency level which is higher than conventional processes.
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- Nucleophilic reactions of N-hydroxy-,methoxy-,2,3-epoxypropoxy-phthalimides
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Reaction of N-hydroxyphthalimide (4) with equivalent amounts of aliphatic and aromatic primary amines gives the N-substituted phthalimides (7), while with excess of these amines if gives the diamides (8) of phthalic acid.The reaction of 4 with t-butyl amine gives only the butyl monoamide (9a) of phthaloylhydroxamic acid.N-Methoxyphthalimide (5) reacts in the same manner.Compound 4 does not condense with epichlorohydrin, but condense with epibromohydrin to give N-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)phthalimide (6) which on reaction with equivalent amounts of aliphatic primary amines gives the N-substituted phthalimides (7) and with excess of the amines it gives the diamides (8) of phthalic acid.The reaction of 6 with aromatic primary amines gives only the N-arylphthalimides.Secondary amines do not react with 6.
- Ranadive, V. B.,Khadilkar, B. M.,Samant, S. D.
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p. 1175 - 1177
(2007/10/02)
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