- Lewis acid catalyzed nitrile synthesis from aldehyde
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In DMA solvent, the one-pot conversion of aldehydes to their corresponding nitriles was studied in Lewis acid catalyst's system (Ca(OTf)2/Bu4NPF6) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride at 120 °C. The developed synthesis method w
- Bariya, Dipakkumar,Mishra, Satyendra
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supporting information
(2022/03/16)
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- Rapid and Simple Access to α-(Hetero)arylacetonitriles from Gem-Difluoroalkenes
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A scalable cyanation of gem-difluoroalkenes to (hetero)arylacetonitrile derivatives was developed. This strategy features mild reaction conditions, excellent yields, wide substrate scope, and broad functional group tolerance. Significantly, in this reacti
- Hu, Dandan,Liu, Jiayue,Ren, Hongjun,Song, Jinyu,Zhang, Jun-Qi,Zhu, Guorong
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supporting information
p. 786 - 790
(2022/01/28)
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- Preparation of novel magnetic dicationic ionic liquid polymeric phase transfer catalyst and their application in nucleophilic substitution reactions of benzyl halides in water
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PEG-based magnetic dicationic ionic liquid was successfully prepared and evaluated as phase-transfer catalyst for nucleophilic substitution reactions of benzyl halides for the synthesis of benzyl azides and cyanides from good to excellent yields at 90 °C in water. The reactions occur in water and furnish the corresponding benzyl derivatives in high yields. No evidence for the formation of by-product for example benzyl alcohol of the reaction was observed and the products were obtained in pure form without further purification.
- Godajdar, Bijan Mombani,Ansari, Bita
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- Heteroaryl-Pyrazole Derivatives as Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonists
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A heteroaryl-pyrazole compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is effective as a cannabinoid CB1 receptor inverse agonist or antagonist, which is useful for preventing or treating obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. The present invention also provides a method for preparing the inventive heteroaryl-pyrasole compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a pharmaceutical composition containing same, and a method for preventing or treating obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Page/Page column 62
(2008/06/13)
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- A PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF LORATADINE AND ITS INTERMEDIATES
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The process comprises (i) subjecting substituted benzyl halide to cyanation in a biphasic system using water immiscible solvents by any known methods, (ii) condensing in situ the phenyl acetonitrile thus obtained with nicotinic ester in presence of alkali metal alkoxide and water immiscible organic solvent to produce ketonitrile, (iii) hydrolyzing followed by decarboxylating the said ketonitrile in situ to respective ketone in acid environment below 60° C, (iv) subjecting the ketone so obtained to reduction followed by N-oxidation, cyanation, and hydrolysis by any known methods to produce picolinic acid, (v) cyclising the said picolinic acid to tricyclic ketone by conventional methods, (vi) treating the said tricyclic ketone with organometallic compound containing Mg to produce carbinol, (viii) purifying the said carbinol with purifying agent selected from polar water miscible organic solvent followed by dehydrating with neat sulphuric acid at the temperature below 50° C, to get N-methyl product (olefin), and subjecting the said olefin to N-carbethoxylation to produce loratadine. Loratadine can also be prepared by treating cayano compound with organometallic compound containing Mg to produce a ketone by the methods known in the art followed by cyclising in presence of a mixture of sulfuric acid and a source of boric acid to get N-methyl product and converting to loratadine by N-carbethoxylation.
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Page/Page column 12
(2010/02/15)
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- Using 11C/14C incoming group and secondary α-deuterium KIEs to determine how a change in leaving group alters the structure of the transition state of the S(N)2 reactions between m-chlorobenzyl para- substituted benzenesulfonates and cyanide ion
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The 11C/14C incoming group and secondary α-deuterium KIEs and Hammett ρ value found by changing the substituent in the leaving group of the S(N)2 reactions between meta-chlorobenzyl para-substituted benzenesulfonates and cyanide ion in 0.5% aqueous acetonitrile at 0 °C suggest that these reactions occur via an unsymmetrical, product-like transition state. Changing to a better leaving group leads to a transition state with a slightly shorter nucleophile-α-carbon bond and a longer α- carbon-leaving group bond. The changes in transition state structure are consistent with the Bond Strength Hypothesis.
- Westaway, Kenneth C.,Fang, Yao-Ren,Persson, Jonas,Matsson, Olle
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p. 3340 - 3344
(2007/10/03)
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- Carboanion Reactivity: Kinetics of the Reactions of Benzyl Cyanide Anions with Aromatic Nitro-compounds
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Rate and equilibrium measurements are reported for the reactions in methanol of carbanions derived from 12 ring-substituted benzyl cyanides with 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene to give ?-adducts.Some data for reaction of the carbanions with 4-nitrobenzofuroxan were also measured.With increasing carbanion reactivity, rate constants approach a limit of just below 109 dm3 mol-1 s-1.Intrinsic reactivities of carbanions in ?-adduct forming reactions and in proton transfer reactions are compared.
- Atherton, John H.,Crampton, Michael R.,Duffield, Gaynor L.,Stevens, J. Andrew
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p. 443 - 448
(2007/10/02)
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- The Acidity of Weak Carbon Acids. Part 3. The Kinetic Acidities of Substituted Benzyl Cyanides using Secondary Aliphatic Amines and Guanidines as Bases
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The rate coefficients for the base-catalysed detritiation of a series of m-substituted benzyl cyanides in DMSO and methanol have been measured at 25.0 deg C.In DMSO the bases are a series of secondary aliphatic amines and guanidines and in methanolic methoxide.For benzyl cyanide and piperidine in DMSO, the rate coefficients for detritiation at 55.0 deg C and dedeuteration at 25.0 deg C were also measured.The kinetic isotope effect and activation parameters indicate the rate determining step to be the ionisation process.Broensted coefficients, α and δ, have been calculated from both the known pKa values of the substrates and measured pKa values of the bases in DMSO.Both indicate a transition state composed of an "advanced" carbanionic structure.There is no reactivity-selectivity relationship apparent.The results are discussed in relation to Marcus and related theories.
- Bowden, Keith,Madvi, Nighat S.,Ranson, Richard J.
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p. 2474 - 2496
(2007/10/02)
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- Method of treating nausea and vomiting with certain substituted-phenylalkylamino (and aminoacid) derivatives and other serotonin depleting agents
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A method for the treatment of emesis in a mammal, which method comprises administering to said mammal an emesis inhibiting amount of a compound which depletes serotonin in the brain of mammals; among which are compounds having the formula: STR1 wherein, R is selected from hydrogen, loweralkyl, trifluoromethyl, carboxyl, or loweralkoxycarbonyl; R1 and R2 are hydrogen or loweralkyl; Z is trifluoromethyl or halogen; the optical isomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; two of the preferred compounds of the invention are fenfluramine and norfenfluramine.
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- Antiviral pyrazolopyrazines
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Certain 1-substituted-3-loweralkyl-5-(substituted)phenyl-6-aminopyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines are provided. They have useful activity as antivirals.
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