- Palladium-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Iodination of Aryl Carboxylic Acids Enabled by Ligand-Assisted Halide Exchange
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We report an efficient and broadly applicable palladium-catalyzed iodination of inexpensive and abundant aryl and vinyl carboxylic acids via in situ activation to the acid chloride and formation of a phosphonium salt. The use of 1-iodobutane as iodide source in combination with a base and a deoxychlorinating reagent gives access to a wide range of aryl and vinyl iodides under Pd/Xantphos catalysis, including complex drug-like scaffolds. Stoichiometric experiments and kinetic analysis suggest a unique mechanism involving C?P reductive elimination to form the Xantphos phosphonium chloride, which subsequently initiates an unusual halogen exchange by outer sphere nucleophilic substitution.
- Boehm, Philip,Cacherat, Bastien,Lee, Yong Ho,Martini, Tristano,Morandi, Bill
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supporting information
p. 17211 - 17217
(2021/07/02)
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- Metathesis-active ligands enable a catalytic functional group metathesis between aroyl chlorides and aryl iodides
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Current methods for functional group interconversion have, for the most part, relied on relatively strong driving forces which often require highly reactive reagents to generate irreversibly a desired product in high yield and selectivity. These approaches generally prevent the use of the same catalytic strategy to perform the reverse reaction. Here we describe a catalytic functional group metathesis approach to interconvert, under CO-free conditions, two synthetically important classes of electrophiles that are often employed in the preparation of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals—aroyl chlorides (ArCOCl) and aryl iodides (ArI). Our reaction design relies on the implementation of a key reversible ligand C–P bond cleavage event, which enables a non-innocent, metathesis-active phosphine ligand to mediate a rapid aryl group transfer between the two different electrophiles. Beyond enabling a practical and safer approach to the interconversion of ArCOCl and ArI, this type of ligand non-innocence provides a blueprint for the development of a broad range of functional group metathesis reactions employing synthetically relevant aryl electrophiles.
- Lee, Yong Ho,Morandi, Bill
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p. 1016 - 1022
(2018/09/06)
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- Concise Entries to 4-Halo-2-pyridones and 3-Bromo-4-halo-2-pyridones
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Methods for the synthesis of both simple 4-halo-2-pyridones and more functionalized 3,4-di- and (3,4,5-tri)-halo-2-pyridones are described that are based on a combination of Sandmeyer and regioselective (copper-mediated) halogenation, with a 2-chloro or a 2-benzyloxy moiety serving as a masked 2-pyridone.
- Honraedt, Aurélien,Gallagher, Timothy
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supporting information
p. 67 - 69
(2015/12/26)
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- Synthetic, Optical and Theoretical Study of Alternating Ethylenedioxythiophene–Pyridine Oligomers: Evolution from Planar Conjugated to Helicoidal Structure towards a Chiral Configuration
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A series of alternating 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene–alkynylpyridine oligomers (DA)n with increased solubility are synthesized and their photophysical properties and nonlinear optical properties are investigated. Their quadratic polarizabilities are determined from hyper-Rayleigh scattering experiments to obtain information on their conformations in solution. These chromophores, based on the alternation of electron-rich (D) and electron-deficient (A) moieties, exhibit optical properties that arise from the combination of dipolar and helicoidal features in the (DA)n homologue series where n=1–4. The transition from dipolar conjugated planar structures (n=1, 2) to helicoidal structures (n=3, 4) is clearly evidenced by results from symmetry-sensitive second-order nonlinear optical experiments. This suggests an approach towards highly efficient chiral chromophores for second-order nonlinear optics. Interestingly, this structural evolution also has significant impact on the photophysical properties: both absorption and fluorescence emission show bathochromic and hyperchromic shifts with increasing number of repeating units in the dipolar planar derivatives (n=1–2) but show saturation effects in the helicoidal structures (n=2–4). In addition, the helicoidal structures show sizeable two-photon absorption at 700–750 nm (40–100 GM) for compounds lacking either electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents.
- Chevallier, Floris,Charlot, Marina,Mongin, Florence,Champagne, Beno?t,Franz, Edith,Clays, Koen,Blanchard-Desce, Mireille
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p. 4090 - 4101
(2016/12/23)
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- Deprotonative metalation of chloro- and bromopyridines using amido-based bimetallic species and regioselectivity-computed CH acidity relationships
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A series of chloro- and bromopyridines have been deprotometalated by using a range of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino-based mixed lithium-metal combinations. Whereas lithium-zinc and lithium-cadmium bases afforded different mono- and diiodides after subsequent interception with iodine, complete regioselectivities were observed with the corresponding lithium-copper combination, as demonstrated by subsequent trapping with benzoyl chlorides. The obtained selectivities have been discussed in light of the CH acidities of the substrates, determined both in the gas phase and as a solution in THF by using the DFT B3LYP method.
- Snegaroff, Katia,Nguyen, Tan Tai,Marquise, Nada,Halauko, Yury S.,Harford, Philip J.,Roisnel, Thierry,Matulis, Vadim E.,Ivashkevich, Oleg A.,Chevallier, Floris,Wheatley, Andrew E. H.,Gros, Philippe C.,Mongin, Florence
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experimental part
p. 13284 - 13297
(2012/02/03)
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- Substituted Sulfonamide Compounds
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Substituted sulfonamide compounds corresponding to the formula I wherein m, n, p, Q, R1, R2, R3, R4, X, Y and Z have the respective meanings defined herein, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, a process for their preparation, and the use of such compounds for the treatment and/or inhibition of pain and other conditions mediated by bradykinin receptor 1 (B1R) and/or bradykinin receptor 2 (B2R).
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Page/Page column 45-46
(2009/07/25)
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- SUBSTITUTED SULFONAMIDE DERIVATIVES
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The invention relates to substituted sulfonamide derivatives of the general formula (I'); processes for their preparation, medicaments containing these compounds, and the use of substituted sulfonamide derivatives for the preparation of medicaments
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Page/Page column 133; 134
(2009/08/16)
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- SUBSTITUTED SULFONAMIDE COMPOUNDS
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Substituted sulfonamide compounds corresponding to formula I processes for the preparation thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and the use of such substituted sulfonamide compounds in pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment and/or inhibition of pain and other conditions at least partly mediated by the bradykinin 1 receptor
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Page/Page column 64
(2009/10/30)
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- Substituted Sulfonamide Compounds
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Substituted sulfonamide compounds with bradykinin receptor (B1R) modulating activity; processes for the preparation thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to treat or inhibit pain and/or other disorders and/or disease states.
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Page/Page column 46
(2008/12/08)
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- Design and synthesis of 2′-anilino-4,4′-bipyridines as selective inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinase-3
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The design and synthesis of a new series of c-Jun N-terminal kinase-3 (JNK3) inhibitors with selectivity against JNK1 are reported. The novel series of substituted 2′-anilino-4,4′-bipyridines were designed based on a combination of hits from high throughp
- Swahn, Britt-Marie,Xue, Yafeng,Arzel, Erwan,Kallin, Elisabet,Magnus, Angelika,Plobeck, Niklas,Viklund, Jenny
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p. 1397 - 1401
(2007/10/03)
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- PYRIDINYL SUBSTITUTED (1,2,3,)TRIAZOLES AS INHIBITORS OF THE TGF-BETA SIGNALLING PATHWAY
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The invention relates to novel triazole derivatives which are inhibitors of the transforming growth factor, ("TGF")-? signalling pathway, in particular, the phosphorylation of smad2 or smad3 by the TGF-β type I or activin-like kinase ("ALK")-5 receptor, m
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- 2-PHENYLPYRIDIN-4-YL DERIVATIVES AS ALK5 INHIBITORS
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This invention relates to novel 2-phenylpyridin-4-yl heterocyclyl derivatives which are inhibitors of the transforming growth factor, ("TGF")-? signalling pathway, in particular, the phosphorylation of smad2 or smad3 by the TGF-β type I or activin-like kinase ("ALK")-5 receptor, methods for their preparation and their use in medicine, specifically in the treatment and prevention of a disease state mediated by this pathway.
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- Deprotonation of chloropyridines using lithium magnesates
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Chloropyridines are deprotonated using lithium magnesates. 4-Chloropyridine was deprotonated on treatment with 1/3 equiv of the highly coordinated magnesate Bu3(TMP)MgLi2 in THF at -10°C, as evidenced by trapping with I2. The use of Bu(TMP)2MgLi in Et 2O allowed the reaction of 2-chloropyridine, giving the 3-functionalized derivative as the main product. Mixtures of 3- and 4-functionalized derivatives were obtained when 2,6-dichloropyridine was involved in the reaction. Performing the reaction on 3-chloropyridine with lithium magnesates in THF, either the 4,4′-dimer or the 4-iodo derivative was formed after quenching by I2, the former using 1/3 equiv of Bu2(TMP)MgLi and the latter using 1 equiv of (TMP)3MgLi. Similar results were observed with 3,5-dichloropyridine, 2,5-dichloropyridine and 3-chloro-2-fluoropyridine. 1,2-Migration of the lithium arylmagnesate formed by deprotonation was proposed to justify the dimers formation.
- Awad, Ha?an,Mongin, Florence,Trécourt, Fran?ois,Quéguiner, Guy,Marsais, Francis
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p. 7873 - 7877
(2007/10/03)
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- Strategies for the selective functionalization of dichloropyridines at various sites
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Whereas 2,3-dichloropyridine and 2,5-dichloro-4-(lithiooxy)-pyridine undergo deprotonation exclusively at the 4- and 2-positions, respectively, optional site selectivity can be implemented with 2,5- and 3,4-dichloropyridine (which are attacked, depending on the choice of the reagents, at either the 4- or 6- and either the 2- and 5-positions, respectively). Upon treatment with lithium diisopropylamide, 2,4-dichloro-3-iodopyridine, 3,5-dichloro-4-bromopyridine and 2,6-dichloro-3-iodopyridine afford 5-, 2- and 4-lithiated intermediates, but the latter isomerize instantaneously to species in which lithium and iodine have swapped places, the driving force being the low basicity of C-Li bonds when flanked by two neighboring halogens.
- Marzi, Elena,Bigi, Anna,Schlosser, Manfred
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p. 1371 - 1376
(2007/10/03)
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- First Metalation of Aryl Iodides: Directed Ortho-Lithiation of Iodopyridines, Halogen-Dance, and Application to Synthesis
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Metalation of iodopyridines was succesfully achieved by LDA at low temperature.In many cases, lithiation is ortho directed by the iodo group which subsequently ortho-migrates very fast to give stabilized iodolithiopyridines.This procedure was applied to 2
- Rocca, P.,Cochennec, C.,Marsais, F.,Thomas-dit-Dumont, L.,Mallet, M.,et al.
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p. 7832 - 7838
(2007/10/02)
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