- Synthesis, surface adsorption, micellization behavior and antibacterial activity of novel gemini surfactants with morpholinium headgroup and benzene-based spacer
-
Two series of novel gemini surfactants with morpholinium headgroup and benzene-based rigid spacers (abbreviated as (Mor)m-P-m and (Mor)m-BP-m, where m represents the carbon numbers of hydrophobic chains) were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, ESI-MS, and FT-IR spectra. The effect of lengths of rigid spacer and hydrocarbon chain on their solution properties and antibacterial activities were systematically investigated. Due to the existence of morpholinium, they have a superior surface activity to the classic gemini surfactants. (Mor)m-BP-m possess lower CMC and γcmc than (Mor)m-P-m, which is assumed to be related to the conformation change of spacer. The possible arrangement models for the adsorptions of (Mor)m-P-m and (Mor)m-BP-m at the air-water interface were proposed by comparing their surface parameters with those of other similar surfactants. The pre-micellar associations occur in aqueous solutions of (Mor)16-P-16, (Mor)14-BP-14 and (Mor)16-BP-16. The thermodynamic parameters indicate the micellar processes are spontaneous, and (Mor)m-BP-m have stronger aggregation tendency than (Mor)m-P-m. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show they spontaneously self-assemble into vesicle, and the aggregate size of (Mor)m-BP-m is larger than (Mor)m-P-m. These surfactants showed excellent antibacterial properties against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Compared with (Mor)m-P-m, (Mor)m-BP-m exhibit a higher activity.
- Zheng, Le-Chi,Tong, Qing-Xiao
-
-
Read Online
- Morpholine-Based Gemini Surfactant: Synthesis and Its Application for Reverse Froth Flotation of Carnallite Ore in Potassium Fertilizer Production
-
Potassium fertilizer plays a critical role in increasing the food production. Carnallite is concentrated by reverse froth flotation and used as a raw material to produce potassium fertilizer (KCl) in agriculture. However, all the surfactants used in the carnallite reverse flotation process are conventional monomeric surfactants contain a single similar hydrophobic group in the molecule, which results in a low production efficiency. In this work, a new morpholine-based Gemini surfactant, 1,4-bis (morpholinododecylammonio) butane dibromide (BMBD), was prepared and originally recommended as a collector for reverse froth flotation separation of halite (NaCl) from carnallite ore. The flotation results indicated BMBD had higher flotation recovery and stronger affinity of halite against carnallite compared with conventional monomeric surfactant N-(n-Dodecyl) morpholine (DDM). Fourier transform infrared spectra suggested that BMBD molecules were adsorbed on halite surface rather than the carnallite surface. Additionally, BMBD molecules can strongly reduce the surface tension of NaCl saturated solution. Considering the BMBD's unique properties, such as double reactive centers to mineral surfaces, double hydrophobic groups, and stronger surface tension reducing ability, made it be a superior collector for reverse flotation desalination from carnallite ores than DDM.
- Huang, Zhiqiang,Cheng, Chen,Li, Liqing,Guo, Zhizhong,He, Guichun,Yu, Xinyang,Liu, Rukuan,Han, Haijun,Deng, Lanqing,Fu, Weng
-
-
Read Online
- Gemini basic ionic liquid as bi-functional catalyst for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones at room temperature
-
A cascade synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones has been developed from 2-aminobenzonitriles and carbonyl analogues using Gemini basic ionic liquid as green catalyst cum solvent at room temperature. Both aldehydes and ketones were condensed with 2-aminobenzonitriles affording good to excellent yields of products. Moreover, the ionic liquids can be reused up to 5th cycle without significant loss of catalytic activity.
- Dutta, Apurba,Damarla, Krishnaiah,Kumar, Arvind,Saikia, Prakash J.,Sarma, Diganta
-
supporting information
(2020/01/08)
-
- New ester based gemini surfactants: the effect of different cationic headgroups on micellization properties and viscosity of aqueous micellar solution
-
A new series of ester functionalized cationic gemini surfactants having different cationic headgroups (i.e. piperidinium, pyrrolidinium, morpholinium and quaternary ammonium) have been synthesized and characterized using NMR and Mass spectroscopy. These new gemini surfactants were investigated for their micellization and viscosity properties using surface tension, conductivity, fluorescence and rheology thechniques. The physicochemical properties of the aqueous surfactant system were influenced by polarity, size and the nature of cationic headgroups as the surface, thermodynamic and viscosity properties of these gemini surfactants were found to be dependent on the type of cationic headgroup. The current research finding establishes the structure-property relationship of the surfactant molecule specifically taking into account the dominant role displayed by the nature of the cationic headgroup.
- Bhadani, Avinash,Tani, Misako,Endo, Takeshi,Sakai, Kenichi,Abe, Masahiko,Sakai, Hideki
-
p. 19474 - 19483
(2015/07/27)
-
- Development of a general non-noble metal catalyst for the benign amination of alcohols with amines and ammonia
-
The N-alkylation of amines or ammonia with alcohols is a valuable route for the synthesis of N-alkyl amines. However, as a potentially clean and economic choice for N-alkyl amine synthesis, non-noble metal catalysts with high activity and good selectivity are rarely reported. Normally, they are severely limited due to low activity and poor generality. Herein, a simple NiCuFeOx catalyst was designed and prepared for the N-alkylation of ammonia or amines with alcohol or primary amines. N-alkyl amines with various structures were successfully synthesized in moderate to excellent yields in the absence of organic ligands and bases. Typically, primary amines could be efficiently transformed into secondary amines and N-heterocyclic compounds, and secondary amines could be N-alkylated to synthesize tertiary amines. Note that primary and secondary amines could be produced through a one-pot reaction of ammonia and alcohols. In addition to excellent catalytic performance, the catalyst itself possesses outstanding superiority, that is, it is air and moisture stable. Moreover, the magnetic property of this catalyst makes it easily separable from the reaction mixture and it could be recovered and reused for several runs without obvious deactivation. Copyright
- Cui, Xinjiang,Dai, Xingchao,Deng, Youquan,Shi, Feng
-
supporting information
p. 3665 - 3675
(2013/03/29)
-
- Nematocidal activity of long alkyl chain amides, amines and their derivatives on dog roundworm larvae
-
The nematocidal activity of amides and amines having a long alkyl chain against the second-stage larva of dog roundworm, Toxocara canis, was examined. Long chain acyl amides with smaller substituents on the nitrogen showed stronger activity and the activity of cyclic amine amides was stronger than that of acyclic ones. In a series of homologous amides, the activity was dependent on the alkyl chain length: it reached a maximum at an optimal chain length and decreased in both shorter and longer homologues. The relationship between the activity and hydrophobicity of the homologues was analysed by the use of the bilinear model. The hydrophobicity of a compound, which gives a maximal activity, was similar for all neutral amides, but amides which have an additional amine group in the molecule had different values. Tertiary amines and their salts having a long alkyl chain also showed nematocidal activities comparable to those of the corresponding amides. The salts killed the larva at concentrations lower than their critical micell concentration, suggesting that they behave as a single molecule for the nematocidal action.
- Kiuchi,Nishizawa,Kawanishi,Kinoshita,Ohsima,Uchitani,Sekino,Ishida,Kondo,Tsuda
-
p. 3234 - 3244
(2007/10/02)
-
- Ruthenium Complex Catalyzed N-Heterocyclization. Syntheses of N-Substituted Piperidines, Morpholines, and Piperazines from Amines and 1,5-Diols
-
1,5-Pentanediol reacts with aliphatic and aromatic primary amines in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst modified with phosphonic ligands to give N-substituted piperidines in fair to goods yields.The reactions were carried out at 150-180 deg C for 5 h in dioxane.The nature of the phosphorus ligands has a remarkable effect on the catalytic activity, For the reaction of aromatic amines, triphenylphosphine is effective, while for aliphatic amine more basic tributyl- or triethylphosphine is preferable.Amines also react with diethylene glycol and N-substituted diethanolamines in the presence of the ruthenium catalyst to give N-substituted morpholines and piperazines in good yields, respectively.
- Tsuji, Yasushi,Huh, Keun-Tae,Ohsugi, Yukihiro,Watanabe, Yoshihisa
-
p. 1365 - 1370
(2007/10/02)
-