- DIRECT METHOD AND REAGENT KITS FOR FATTY ACID ESTER SYNTHESIS
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Provided are efficient, cost-effective and water tolerant methods (e.g., single-vial methods) for preparing fatty acid esters from organic matter, comprising: obtaining organic matter comprising at least one fat substituent, contacting the organic matter in a reaction mixture with a basic solution under conditions suitable to provide for hydrolytic release of monomeric fatty acids from the at least one fat substituent to provide a base-treated reaction mixture, and esterifying the monomeric fatty acids of the base-treated reaction mixture by acidification of the reaction mixture and treating in the presence of an organic alcohol to provide fatty acid esters. The methods optionally further comprise, prior to esterifying, neutralizing the base-treated reaction mixture to provide for neutralized fatty acids, separating the neutralized fatty acids from the neutralized reaction mixture, and dissolving the separated fatty acids in the esterification reaction mixture. Also provided are related methods and kits for fat analysis.
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Page/Page column 18; 21-22; 29
(2008/12/07)
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- Insecticidal compounds against mosquito larvae from Oscillatoria agardhii strain 27
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It was found that Oscillatoria agardhii strain 27 produced compounds toxic against mosquito larvae (Aedes albopictus), therefore, these compounds were extracted and separated for insecticide development. Structural characterization of the toxic fraction by 1H-NMR and GC-MS showed that these compounds are not the neurotoxins or hepatotoxins conventionally produced by Oscillatoria, but it contained a mixture of unsaturated fatty acids, oleic, linoleic, and γ-linolenic acids, as well as saturated fatty acids, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids. In a bioassay developed for these hydrophobic compounds using mosquito larvae, authentic unsaturated fatty acids were shown to be toxic, whereas saturated ones were active. The results suggested that it might be possible to use unsaturated fatty acids as environmentally safe and effective insecticides without the side effects of the chemically synthesized insecticides. (C) 2000 by John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
- Harada, Ken-Ichi,Suomalainen, Mette,Uchida, Hideaki,Masui, Hiroaki,Ohmura, Kuniyo,Kiviranta, Jari,Niku-Paavola, Marja-Leena,Ikemoto, Takaya
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p. 114 - 119
(2007/10/03)
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- A large scale and concise synthesis of γ-linolenic acid from 4- chlorobut-2-yn-1-ol
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A large scale and concise synthesis of γ-linolenic acid is described. The key step of the synthesis involves a copper salt mediated cross-coupling of two different alkynes and chlorobutynol.
- Durand, Sandrine,Parrain, Jean-Luc,Santelli, Maurice
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p. 1015 - 1018
(2007/10/03)
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