- Indium Tribromide-Catalysed Transfer-Hydrogenation: Expanding the Scope of the Hydrogenation and of the Regiodivergent DH or HD Addition to Alkenes
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The transfer-hydrogenation as well as the regioselective and regiodivergent addition of H?D from regiospecific deuterated dihydroaromatic compounds to a variety of 1,1-di- and trisubstituted alkenes was realised with InBr3 in dichloro(m)ethane. In comparison with the previously reported BF3?Et2O-catalysed process, electron-deficient aryl-substituents can be applied reliably and thereby several restrictions could be lifted, and new types of substrates could be transformed successfully in hydrodeuterogenation as well as deuterohydrogenation transfer-hydrogenation reactions.
- Li, Luomo,Hilt, Gerhard
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supporting information
p. 11221 - 11225
(2021/06/25)
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- Benzene Alkylation with Cycloolefins under the Action of [Et3NH]+[Al2Cl7]? Ionic Liquid
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Benzene alkylation with mono- and bicyclic olefins under the action of an inorganic ionic liquid [Et3NH]+[Al2Cl7]? with the formation of benzene cycloalkyl derivatives in 58–98% yield has been performed for the first time. It has been found that the increase in the olefin cycle size improves the selectivity with respect to monocycloalkyl derivatives.
- Aminov,Mazitova,Khusnutdinov
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p. 2171 - 2177
(2020/01/08)
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- Amino alcohols as ligands for nickel-catalyzed Suzuki reactions of unactivated alkyl halides, including secondary alkyl chlorides, with arylboronic acids
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Suzuki cross-coupling reactions of an unprecedented array of unactivated primary and secondary alkyl halides (including challenging alkyl chlorides) can be accomplished through the use of nickel/amino alcohol-based catalysts. Both the nickel precatalyst and the amino alcohols (prolinol or trans-2-aminocyclohexanol) are commercially available and air-stable. In view of the remarkable diversity of amino alcohols that are readily accessible, this discovery may open the door to the rapid development of versatile catalysts for a wide range of cross-coupling processes. Copyright
- Gonzalez-Bobes, Francisco,Fu, Gregory C.
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p. 5360 - 5361
(2007/10/03)
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- Nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings of organosilicon reagents with unactivated secondary alkyl bromides
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A metal-catalyzed cross-coupling of organosilicon compounds with alkyl halides has been developed. Noteworthy attributes of the method are its scope (secondary electrophiles), its high functional-group compatibility, and the air stability of the catalyst components. Copyright
- Powell, David A.,Fu, Gregory C.
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p. 7788 - 7789
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of Certain Mesogenic Azomethines Derived from 4-Cycloalkylanilines and from 4-Cycloalkylbenzaldehydes
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General procedures are described for the synthesis of members of five pairs of related homologous series of mesogenic azomethines differing in the mode of linkage of the CH=N group and containing a cycloalkyl group in a terminal position.
- Byron, D. J.,Matharu, A. S.,Rees, M.,Wilson, R. C.
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p. 229 - 238
(2007/10/02)
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- CH ACIDITY OF SUBSTITUTED CYCLOALKANES. IV. EFFECT OF THE SIZE OF THE ALKANE RING AND THE STRENGTH OF THE BASE ON THE KINETICS OF IONIZATION OF PHENYLCYCLOALKANES
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The rate constants (k) for the ionization of phenylcycloalkanes (C3-C8) were determined in solutions of lithium cyclohexylamide in cyclohexylamine and of potassium tert-butoxide and dimsylpotassium in DMSO.The dependence of k on the strength of the broken
- Zharova, N. G.,Shapiro, I. O.
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p. 598 - 602
(2007/10/02)
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- CH ACIDITY OF SUBSTITUTED CYCLOALKANES. V. THE KINETIC ISOTOPE EFFECT OF HYDROGEN EXCHANGE IN PHENYLCYCLOALKANES
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The kD/kT value for the isotope exchange of hydrogen in phenylcycloalkanes with cyclohexylamine (catalyzed by lithium cyclohexylamide) and with dimethyl sulfoxide decreases from 2.0 - 2.5 (for phenylcyclopentane and phenylcyclooctane) to 1.3 - 1.4 (for phenylcyclopropane).It was concluded that the reaction rate in the listed catalytic systems is controlled by the ionization of the CH acid.The relationships governing the variation of the kD/kT values in the ionization of phenylcycloalkanes are explained by the effect of structural rearrangement in the anionic fragments of the hydrocarbons on the mechanism of the elementary proton transfer event.
- Zharova, N. G.,Shapiro, O. I.
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p. 602 - 609
(2007/10/02)
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- Studies on the Autoxidation of Phenyl Cycloalkanes
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The products of the autoxidation of phenyl cyclopropane (I), phenyl cyclobutane (II), phenyl cyclopentane (III), phenyl cyclohexane (IV), phenyl cycloheptane (V) and phenyl cyclooctane (VI) were analyzed after reduction of the reaction mixtures with LiAlH4.As products of the attack on the α-C-H bonds the corresponding 1-phenyl cycloalkanols and 1-phenyl alkan-1-ols were found.In the case of phenyl cyclopropane some SR2 ring opening probably takes place.The oxidabilities , the chain termination constants kt, the absolute chain propagation constants kp and the relative chain propagation constants (kp)rel were determined for the phenyl cycloalkanes I-VI.As it is to be expected on the basis of the I-strain concept the autoxidation rate of phenyl cyclopentane (III) is considerably higher than that of phenyl cyclobutane (II) and phenyl cyclohexane (IV).
- Batke, Birgit,Lauterbach, Gerlinde,Pritzkow, Wilhelm,Voerckel, Volkmar,Belyakov, Vladimir A.
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p. 424 - 430
(2007/10/02)
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- Studies on Thermal Conversion of Phenylcyclopentane, -hexane, -heptane, and -octane in the Gas Phase
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The title compounds were pyrolyzed from 700 to 780 deg C in a metallic laboratory tubular reactor in the presence of steam.The reaction products were analyzed by gas chromatography and by a combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.From the phenylcyclanes tested, more than 65 hydrocarbons could be detected in the liquids, besides gaseous reaction products.In most cases unambiguous structures could be derived by using different analytical methods.As typical initial-step products phenylcyclenes, ω-phenyl-1-alkenes and 1-phenyl-1-alkenes are formed by dehydrogenation and isomerization of the title compounds.The detection of phenylalkenes corresponds well with the isomerization of unsubstituted cyclanes to the corresponding α-olefines described in former papers.
- Lam, Ho Son,Zimmermann, G.,Anders, G.,Bach, G.,Rennecke, D.,Zychlinski, W.
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p. 759 - 766
(2007/10/02)
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- Thermolabile Hydrocarbons, XXV. Relationships between Thermal Stability, Strain, and Structure of 1,1'-Diphenyl-1,1'-bicycloalkyls
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The products and activation parameters of the thermolysis reaction of the title hydrocarbons 1a (n = 4-8) and 1b (n = 12) were determined.Strain enthalpies and structural data of the compounds 1a and of the radicals 2a, which are generated on thermolysis, were obtained from force field calculations.For 1a (n = 8) a crystal structure analysis was carried out. - The importance of i-strain action is estimated from the relationship between ΔG% of the thermolysis reaction and the strain enthalpy of 1 from which the ring strain of the corresponding cycloalkane was substracted as a correction factor.In addition, a linear correlation between ΔG% and the change in strain enthalpy (MM2 results) in the course of the dissociation process was found.The large variation in ΔS% can be rationalized by consideration of the change in internal mobility (MM2 results) during the dissociation process.
- Bernloehr, Werner,Beckhaus, Hans-Dieter,Lindner, Hans-Joerg,Ruechardt, Christoph
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p. 3303 - 3319
(2007/10/02)
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