- Synthesis of Highly Substituted Phenols and Benzenes with Complete Regiochemical Control
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Substituted phenols are requisite molecules for human health, agriculture, and diverse synthetic materials. We report a chemical synthesis of phenols, including penta-substituted phenols, that accommodates programmable substitution at any position. This method uses a one-step conversion of readily available hydroxypyrone and nitroalkene starting materials to give phenols with complete regiochemical control and in high chemical yield. Additionally, the phenols can be converted into highly and even fully substituted benzenes.
- Zhang, Xiaojie,Beaudry, Christopher M.
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supporting information
p. 6086 - 6090
(2020/08/12)
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- 2,5-DIALKYL-4-H/HALO/ETHER-PHENOL COMPOUNDS
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The present disclosure provides phenolic compounds useful in the treatment of neurological conditions such as convulsions and tremors, having the structure of Formula (I): wherein R2, R4, R5, and R6, are as defined in the detailed description; pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one of the compounds; and methods for treating neurological conditions.
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- 2,5-DIALKYL-4-H/HALO/ETHER-PHENOL COMPOUNDS
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The present disclosure provides phenolic compounds useful in the treatment of neurological conditions such as convulsions and tremors, having the structure of Formula (I): wherein R2, R4, and R5, are as defined in the detailed description; pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one of the compounds; and methods for treating neurological conditions.
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- Compounds that modulate PPAR activity and methods of preparation
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This invention discloses compounds that alter PPAR activity. The invention also discloses pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds or their salts, and methods of using them as therapeutic agents for treating or preventing hyperlipidemia and hypercholesteremia in a mammal. The present invention also discloses methods for making the disclosed compounds.
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- Studies on the Catalytic Oxidation of Alkanes and Alkenes by Titanium Silicates
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Titanium containing, aluminum-free ZSM-5 (TS-1) and amorphous TiO2-SiO2 coprecipitate are investigated as catalysts for the selective oxidation of alkanes and alkenes using a variety of oxidants at temperatures below 100 deg C. Comparisons between the activities of TS-1 and the TiO2-SiO2 coprecipitate for alkane oxidation and alkene epoxidation using nonaqueous H2O2 indicate that the absence of water is crucial for the catalytic activity of silica-supported titanium. Due to the hydrophobicity of TS-1, the concentration of water surrounding the titanium is maintained at a low value, and thus TS-1 can be used as an oxidation catalyst with aqueous H2O2 as oxidant. Alkyl hydroperoxides are active as oxidants for alkene epoxidation on the TiO2-SiO2 coprecipitate but not for alkane oxidation reactions on both TS-1 and the TiO2-SiO2 coprecipitate. A plausible explanation for the above results is provided. The presence of stereoscrambling without any "radical clock" rearrangement during alkane oxidation on TS-1 indicates that the radicals formed may have a very short life-time, or their movements are restricted such that no rearrangement can occur. A proposal for the mechanism of alkane oxidation on TS-1 is given and compared to a mechanism suggested for alkene epoxidation on TS-1 and the TiO2-SiO2 coprecipitate.
- Khouw, C. B.,Dartt, C. B.,Labinger, J. A.,Davis, M. E.
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p. 195 - 205
(2007/10/02)
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- ipso Nitration. XXIII. Reactions of cyclohexadiene adducts from nitration of 4-ethyltoluene in acetic anhydride
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The diastereoisomers of 4-ethyl-1-methyl-4-nitrocyclohexa-2,5-dienyl acetate (1) and 1-ethyl-4-methyl-4-nitrocyclohexa-2,5-dienyl acetate (2) are stereospecifically reduced to the corresponding nitrocyclohexadienols with aluminum hydride.Each dienol is stereospecifically methylated to the corresponding methyl ether with methyl iodide, silver oxide, and potassium hydroxide.Acid-catalysed solvolysis of the acetates 1 and 2 results in the substitution of the acetate moiety by other nucleophiles and these reactions are not stereospecific.The products of rearomatization of dienyl acetates, dienols and dienyl methyl ethers depend on the acidity and ionizing power of the solvents and are readily explained in terms of reactions involving a nitrocyclohexadienyl cation or acetoxy- (hydroxy-, methoxy-)cyclohexadienyl cation as key intermediates.In the 4-acetoxy-4-alkylcyclohexadienyl cation 1,2-migration of the acetoxyl group is more rapid then alkyl migration, but 1,2-alkyl migration is faster then migration of the hydroxyl or methoxyl groups in the corresponding cations. 1-Ethyl-4-methoxy-4-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ol and 4-ethyl-3-nitrotoluene are significant minor products in the solvolysis of 1-ethyl-4-methyl-4-nitrocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ol in aqueous methanol.Nitration of p-ethyltoluene in the presence of sulfuric acid or in trifluoracetic anhydride gives a mixture of 4-ethyl-2-nitro- and 4-ethyl-3-nitrotoluene in a 2:1 ratio.
- Fischer, Alfred,Henderson, George N.
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p. 2314 - 2327
(2007/10/02)
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