- Method for reducing harmful and composition of herbicide chemicals for reducing agent, a reducing injury
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Disclosed are: a chemical damage reducing agent for a herbicide, which is capable of reducing or preventing chemical damage and reducing the burden on the environment without using a plurality of different herbicidally active ingredients in combination; a herbicidal composition which is reduced in chemical damage; and a method for reducing chemical damage on a crop. Specifically disclosed is a chemical damage reducing agent for a herbicide, which is characterized by containing a compound represented by general formula (I) (wherein R represents a C1-C4 alkyl group or a hydroxycyclohexyl group, and X represents a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carbamoyl group, a dimethylcarbamoyl group, a C1-C4 alkoxycarbonyl group or a benzyloxycarbonyl group) or a salt thereof as a main component. Also specifically disclosed is a herbicidal composition reduced in chemical damage, which is characterized by containing the above-described chemical damage reducing agent for a herbicide and one or more specific herbicidally active compounds.
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Paragraph 0167
(2016/10/09)
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- Electroorganic Reactions. Part 37. The Stereochemistry and Mechanism of the Cathodic Hydrogenation of Methyl 4-tert-Butylcyclohex-1-enecarboxylate
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Methyl 4-tert-butylcyclohex-1-enecarboxylate is hydrogenated at a mercury cathode, in the presence of proton donors, in a smooth 2 F mol-1 process.The proportions of cis and trans isomers in the product (methyl 4-tert-butylcyclohexanecarboxylate) are a function of reaction conditions and detailed consideration shows that the reaction is under kinetic control.Protonation of the first-formed radical anion is probably at C-1, with little stereoselectivity.The results of base- and radical-induced epimerizations of 1,4-disubstituted cyclohexanes were used to establishthe likely outcome of thermodynamic control.These results are in impressive agreement with calculations based on substituent group conformational preferences.
- Matteis, Cristina I. De,Utley, James H. P.
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p. 879 - 883
(2007/10/02)
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- Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Methyl Esters Using tert-Butyl Hypochlorite, Pyridine and Methyl Alcohol
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When treated with tert-butyl hypochlorite, in the presence of pyridine and methyl alcohol, saturated aliphatic primary alcohols are oxidized to methyl esters in very high yields.Oxidation of benzylic alcohols, under the same conditions, yields a mixture of aldehydes and methyl esters.It appears that this reaction is a three-step process with an aldehyde and acyl chloride as the intermediates.Investigation of the relative rates of reaction reveals that benzyl alcohols are, as expected, oxidized faster than aliphatic alcohols, while the corresponding aldehydes show an opposite trend in reactivity.The reaction mechanism is proposed and the difference in the reactivity for aliphatic and benzylic aldehydes attributed to the stereoelectronic factors.
- Milovanovic, Jovan N.,Vasojevic, Miorad,Gojkovic, Svetislav
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p. 1231 - 1233
(2007/10/02)
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- Study on the enolization of alkyl of cis and trans 2-tert-5-X-1,3-dioxanes (X =CO2CH3, CHO, COPh, NO2, and CN). Evidence for stereoelectronic control.
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Alkylation ot 2-tert-butyl-5-X-1,3-dioxanes (X = CO2CH3,COPh and NO2) was studied.Products resulting from an equatorial approach of the alkylating agent are preferentially formed when X = CO2CH3 and NO2.Also, the cis isomers that have an equatorial hydrog
- Nbidwami, Alexis,Deslongchamps, Pierre
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p. 1788 - 1794
(2007/10/02)
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- 17O NMR Spectra of Tertiary Alcohols, Ethers, Sulfoxides and Sulfones in the Cyclohexyl and 5-Substituted 1,3-Dioxanyl Series and Related Compounds
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17O NMR spectra of fifteen cyclohexane-derived tertiary alcohols and related ethers and acetals, six 1,3-dioxane-derived orthoesters, four cyclohexane- and 1,3-dioxane-derived sulfones and the four corresponding sulfoxides, three acyclic sulfones, six alc
- Manoharan, Muthiah,Eliel, Ernest L.
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p. 225 - 231
(2007/10/02)
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- The Stereochemistry of Organometallic Compounds. XXII The Stereochemistry of Metal-Catalysed Hydrogen Cyanide Addition to Olefins
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Reactions of (E)-3,3-dimethyl(1,2-D2)but-1-ene with hydrogen cyanide and of (E)-3,3-dimethyl(1-D)but-1-ene with deuterium cyanide have been shown to proceed in a completely stereospecific cis fashion when a catalyst system based on Pd(diop)2 was used.Reaction between 4-t-butylcyclohexene and deuterium cyanide with the catalyst system gave only the equatorial nitriles trans-4-t-butylcyclohexane-1-carbonitrile and cis-3-t-butylcyclohexane-1-carbonitrile with cis incorporation of deuterium.Use of a catalyst system based on Ni4 and zinc chloride led to significant amounts of isotopic exchange and rearrangement.These results are compared with those from hydroformylation of the olefins, and the mechanism of hydrocyanation is discussed
- Jackson, W. Roy,Lovel, Craig G.
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p. 2053 - 2067
(2007/10/02)
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- ETUDE DU CARACTERE NUCLEOPHILE DES RADICAUX LORS DE LA REACTION DE TRANSFERT SUR LA LIAISON O-O DES PERACIDES
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Peracids RCO3H yield free radicals R. which react either with the peracid or with solvent giving the alcohol ROH and the hydrocarbon RH.The nucleophilic character of the free radicals was modified either by substitution of the carbon bearing the odd electron by inductive groups or by changing the free radical hybridation by the means of blocked structures such as cyclic or bicyclic free radicals.For each R., the measurement of the ratio ROH/RH establishes a reactivity scale for R. with the peracid O-O bond.This reactivity does not depend on free radical stability but depends strongly on nucleophilic character.A primary free radical is less reactive than a secondary one, and is much less reactive than a tertiary one.A bridgehead free radical as the bicycloheptyle-1 does not react with the peracid.These results are interpreted to indicate a transition state with charge transfer (polar effect), the peracid being electrophilic and the free radical nucleophilic; PMO theory is discussed.
- Fossey, Jacques,Lefort, Daniel
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p. 1023 - 1036
(2007/10/02)
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