- Organocatalytic Chlorination of Alcohols by P(III)/P(V) Redox Cycling
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A catalytic system for the chlorination of alcohols under Appel conditions was developed. Benzotrichloride is used as a cheap and readily available chlorinating agent in combination with trioctylphosphane as the catalyst and phenylsilane as the terminal reductant. The reaction has several advantages over other variants of the Appel reaction, e.g., no additional solvent is required and the phosphane reagent is used only in catalytic amounts. In total, 27 different primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl chlorides were synthesized in yields up to 95%. Under optimized conditions, it was also possible to convert epoxides and an oxetane to the dichlorinated products.
- Longwitz, Lars,Jopp, Stefan,Werner, Thomas
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p. 7863 - 7870
(2019/06/27)
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- Selective activation of 1,2-dichloroethane for access to β-chloroethylarenes enabled by nickel-catalyzed suzuki-type couplings
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The selective conversion of one inactive C(sp3)-Cl bond of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) into C(sp3)-C(sp2) linkages for access to β-chloroethylarenes is presented here. The key to achieve the required reactivity and chemoselectivity in this synthetic method was the utilization of nickel and combinatorial nitrogen ligands as catalytic system. Synthetic advantages of this coupling chemistry included the step-simplicities to β-chloroethylarenes, the mildness and effectiveness of coupling conditions, together with the convenience for allowing further functional group transformations of the retained homobenzylic C–Cl bonds.
- Yang, Yi,Cai, Junjie,Luo, Gen,Tong, Xia,Su, Yumei,Jiang, Yan,Liu, Yingle,Zheng, Yubin,Zeng, Jijiao,Li, Chaolin
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supporting information
p. 1130 - 1134
(2019/03/26)
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- Preparation method of chloroethyl-substituted aromatic compound
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The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of organic chloride products and particularly relates to a preparation method of a beta-chloroethyl-substituted aromatic compound. The method comprises the following steps: by taking 1-bromine-2-chloroethane and arylboronic acid as raw materials in the atmosphere of a reaction solution and nitrogen gas, heating under the action of a catalytic system with a nickel catalyst and a dipyridyl ligand, and weak base additives and pyridine additives, separating and purifying after reaching a reaction endpoint to obtain the beta-chloroethyl-substituted aromatic compound. According to the preparation method, the nickel catalyst and the dipyridyl ligand which are cheap and easily available are commercially available are used as the catalyticsystem; the directional introduction from beta-chloroethyl to aromatic group is achieved, so that the beta-chloroethyl-substituted aromatic compound can be efficiently prepared. The method is mild inreaction condition and low in raw material cost; the reaction steps are simple and are easy to operate; meanwhile, the reaction scale is easy to enlarge; the product is simple and convenient to separate; the method is suitable for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0187; 0189; 0191
(2019/02/06)
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- NB 06: From a simple lysosomotropic aSMase inhibitor to tools for elucidating the role of lysosomes in signaling apoptosis and LPS-induced inflammation
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Ceramide generation is involved in signal transduction of cellular stress response, in particular during stress-induced apoptosis in response to stimuli such as minimally modified Low-density lipoproteins, TNFalpha and exogenous C6-ceramide. In this paper we describe 48 diverse synthetic products and evaluate their lysosomotropic and acid sphingomyelinase inhibiting activities in macrophages. A stimuli-induced increase of C16-ceramide in macrophages can be almost completely suppressed by representative compound NB 06 providing an effective protection of macrophages against apoptosis. Compounds like NB 06 thus offer highly interesting fields of application besides prevention of apoptosis of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques in vessel walls. Most importantly, they can be used for blocking pH-dependent lysosomal processes and enzymes in general as well as for analyzing lysosomal dependent cellular signaling. Modulation of gene expression of several prominent inflammatory messengers IL1B, IL6, IL23A, CCL4 and CCL20 further indicate potentially beneficial effects in the field of (systemic) infections involving bacterial endotoxins like LPS or infections with influenza A virus.
- Blaess, Markus,Bibak, Nelly,Claus, Ralf A.,Kohl, Matthias,Bonaterra, Gabriel A.,Kinscherf, Ralf,Laufer, Stefan,Deigner, Hans-Peter
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supporting information
p. 73 - 104
(2017/10/17)
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- OXADIAZOLONES AS TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CHANNEL INHIBITORS
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The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In addition, the present invention relates to methods of manufacturing and methods of using the compounds of formula (I) as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds. The compounds may be useful in treating diseases and conditions mediated by TRPA1, such as pain.
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Paragraph 0255-0258
(2018/06/12)
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- Manganese-Catalyzed Borylation of Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides
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The use of low-cost manganese(II) bromide (MnBr2) and tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) catalyzes the cross coupling of (bis)pinacolatodiboron with a wide range of alkyl halides, demonstrating the first manganese-catalyzed coupling with alkyl electrophiles. This method allows access to primary, secondary, and tertiary boronic esters from the parent chlorides, which were previously inaccessible as coupling partners. The reaction proceeds in high yield with as little as 1000 ppm catalyst loading, while 5 mol % can provide high yields in as little as 30 min. Finally, radical-clock experiments revealed that at 0 °C direct borylation outcompetes alternative radical processes, thereby providing synthetically useful, temperature-controlled reaction outcomes.
- Atack, Thomas C.,Cook, Silas P.
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supporting information
p. 6139 - 6142
(2016/06/09)
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- Gallium-catalyzed reductive chlorination of carboxylic acids with copper(II) chloride
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Described herein is the direct chlorination of carboxylic acids using copper(II) chloride via a gallium(III)-catalyzed reduction in the presence of a hydrosiloxane. During this reductive chlorination, the counteranions of CuCl2 functioned as a chloride source.
- Sakai, Norio,Nakajima, Takumi,Yoneda, Shinichiro,Konakahara, Takeo,Ogiwara, Yohei
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p. 10619 - 10623
(2015/02/19)
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- Non-imidazole histamine H3 ligands. Part I. Synthesis of 2-(1-piperazinyl)- and 2-(hexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepin-1-yl)benzothiazole derivatives as H3-antagonists with H1 blocking activities
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New 2-(1-Piperazinyl)- and 2-(hexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepin-1-yl)benzothiazoles were prepared and tested as H1- and H3-receptor antagonists. A number of compounds showed weak H1-antagonistic activity, with pA2 values ranging from 5.5 to 6.1. The simple alkyl substituted, 2-[1-(4-methyl and 4-ethyl)piperazinyl] analogues show increasing, moderate H3-antagonistic activity (pA2=6.0, and pA2=7.0). The compounds with 4-phenylalkyl substitution, for both the piperazinyl and the hexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepin-1-yl homologues series, regardless of the different physicochemical properties of the para substituents at the phenyl ring, showed weak H3-antagonistic activity with pA2 values ranging from 4.4 to 5.6. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A.
- Walczynski, Krzysztof,Guryn, Roman,Zuiderveld, Obbe P.,Timmerman, Henk
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p. 684 - 694
(2007/10/03)
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- Phosphorylated Nitrogen Mustards. Part 2. Anchimeric Assistance of the Fragmentation of N-(2-Chloroethyl)-2-Arylethylphosphoroamidates
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N-(2-Chloroethyl)phosphoric amido esters containing a 2-arylethyl ester function undergo thermal fragmentation to the 2-arylchloroethane, aziridine and a methaphosphate intermediate.
- Roux, Charlotte le,Modro, Agnes M.,Modro, Tomasz A.
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- A Convenient Conversion of Primary Amines into the Corresponding Halides Radical Promoted Halodeamination via N-Substituted-N-Tosylhydrazines
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Treatment of 1-substituted-1-tosylhydrazines with 2 equivalents of NCS or NBS in dry THF in presence of light affords the corresponding alkyl halides in good yields.This reaction presumably involves the initial formation of a stabilized hydrazyl radical which is halogenated in a radical chain process.Elimination of p-toluenesulfinic acid and extrusion of nitrogen leads to the corresponding alkyl halide.This route provides an improved method for halodeamination under neutral reaction conditions.
- Collazo, Luis R.,Guziec, Frank S.,Hu, Wei-Xiao Jr.,Pankayatselvan, Ratnadevi
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p. 7911 - 7914
(2007/10/02)
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- Prostanoids and related compounds. VI. Synthesis of isoindolinone derivatives possessing inhibitory activity for thromboxane A2 analog (U- 46619)-induced vasoconstriction
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We have synthesized 3-(o, m or p-substituted benzylidene)isoindolinone and 3-(2-o, m or p-substituted phenylethylidene)isoindolinone, which possess inhibitory activity for thromboxane A2 analog (U-46619)-induced vasoconstriction.
- Kato,Takemoto,Achiwa
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p. 2003 - 2006
(2007/10/02)
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- Preparation of alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl chlorides
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The preparation of an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl chloride by the reaction of a corresponding alcohol with phosgene or thionyl chloride in the presence of a phosphine oxide acting as catalyst, wherein the catalyst used is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or cyclic/aliphatic phosphine oxide.
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- Covenient Halodeamination and Hydrodeamination of Primary Amines
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Treatment of p-toluenesulfonamides of primary amines with 2 equiv of chloroamine at room temperature in the presence of base leads to reductive deamination.If excess chloroamine is present, the corresponding alkyl or aryl halides are obtained instead in good yields.Both reactions presumably proceed via tosylhydrazine and diazene intermediates; the course of the reaction is often governed by steric hindrance.Treatment of the isolated tosylhydrazine intermediate with base and chloroamine, bromine, or iodine also leads to the corresponding halides in very good yields.
- Guziec, Frank S.,Wei, Dongchu
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p. 3772 - 3776
(2007/10/02)
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- NEIGHBOURING GROUP PARTICIPATION IN PHOSPHATE ESTERS. FRAGMENTATION OF PHOSPHOROCHLORIDATES
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(β-Arylethyl)phosphorochloridates decompose easily yielding 1-chloro-2-arylethanes and/or arylethylenes, presumably via the concerted P-Cl fission and the expulsion of metaphosphate-like species.
- Cocks, S.,Modro, T. A.
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p. 945 - 948
(2007/10/02)
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- Structure of ω-Arylalkyl Radicals: A 13C CIDNP Investigation
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Thermolysis of a series of ω-arylalkanoyl m-chlorobenzoyl (and acetyl) peroxides at ca. 100 deg C in cyclohexanone and in hexachloroacetone was studied by using 13C chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization.Analysis of the observed 13C polarizations indicate that all the three radicals (β-arylethyl, γ-arylpropyl and δ-arylbutyl) have open-chain structures with no evidence for aryl participation resulting in spirocycloalkylcyclohexadienyl radicals.
- Olah, George A.,Krishnamurthy, V. V.,Singh, Brij P.,Iyer, Pradeep S.
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p. 955 - 963
(2007/10/02)
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