- Metal-free transamidation of benzoylpyrrolidin-2-one and amines under aqueous conditions
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N-Acyl lactam amides, such as benzoylpyrrolidin-2-one, benzoylpiperidin-2-one, and benzoylazepan-2-one reacted with amines in the presence of DTBP and TBAI to afford the transamidated products in good yields. The reactions were conducted under aqueous conditions and good functional group tolerance was achieved. Both aliphatic and aromatic primary amines displayed good activity under metal-free conditions. A radical reaction pathway is proposed.
- Joseph, Devaneyan,Lee, Sunwoo,Park, Myeong Seong
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supporting information
p. 6227 - 6232
(2021/07/28)
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- Practical bromination of arylhydroxylamines with SOBr2 towards ortho-bromo-anilides
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A facile approach for synthesizing ortho-bromoanilides from readily available aryhydroxylamines and thionyl bromide is demonstrated in this work. Mild reaction conditions and broad scope of substrates ranging from heterocyclic structures to pharmaceutics-potential motifs are used in the reactions of this paper. Efficient bromination of ortho C–H bonds of the aryhydroxylamines has been achieved. Ortho-bromoanilide products were obtained in good to excellent yields, and model scaled-up reactions of this synthetic approach are shown in this work.
- Du, Yuanbo,Feng, Lei,Gao, Hongyin,Guo, Lirong,Lu, Haifeng,Xi, Zhenguo
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- Chromium-catalyzed ligand-free amidation of esters with anilines
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Amides are important structural motifs in pharmaceutical and agrochemical chemistry because of the intriguing biological active properties. We report here the amidation of commercially available esters with anilines that was promoted by low-cost and air-stable chromium(III) pre-catalyst combined with magnesium, providing access to amides. This reaction occurs without the use of external ligands in a simple operation. Mechanistic studies indicate that a reactive aminated Cr species responsible for the amidation can be considered, which may be formed by reaction of low-valent Cr with aniline followed by reduction with hydrogen evolution.
- Chen, Changpeng,Ling, Liang,Luo, Meiming,Zeng, Xiaoming
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supporting information
p. 762 - 766
(2021/04/14)
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- Iron-catalyzed cross-coupling of N?methoxy amides and arylboronic acids for the synthesis of N-aryl amides
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An efficient iron-catalyzed synthesis of N-aryl amides from N?methoxy amides and arylboronic acids is developed. FeCl3 is used as the sole catalyst for the cross-coupling reaction between N?methoxy amides and arylboronic acids without any other
- Li, Jinhui,Liu, Jin-Biao,Luo, Nianhua,Qiu, Guanyinsheng,Ren, Shangfeng,Wang, Ying,Xie, Huilin
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- N-Heterocyclic Carbene/Cobalt Cooperative Catalysis for the Chemo- and Regioselective C?N Bond Formation between Aldehyde and Amines/Amides
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A novel methodology for the construction of various secondary (4 examples), tertiary amides (31 examples), and imides (16 examples) by a Cobalt(II) catalyzed oxidative amide coupling in aqueous media. The Co(III)-TMC was reacted with N-Heteroatom Carbene to form active catalyst Co(II)NHC-TMC in situ which involves in the coordination with Breslow's intermediate and SET for the activation of aldehyde and amides. The mechanism for activation of amide and amine differs on the basis of SET based nucleophilic addition and ligand exchange respectively. The regeneration of the catalyst was achieved using Fe(III)(EDTA)-H2O2 as oxidant. The use of Co(II)TMC-O2 was also found equally efficient in the process. The method is found regioselective for N?H activation in the presence of equally susceptible ortho-C?H bond activation. And amines were found more susceptible then the corresponding amide for the reaction.
- Siddiqui, Asher M.,Khalid, Anam,Khan, Arif,Azad, Chandra S.,Samim, Mohd.,Khan, Imran A.
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p. 4281 - 4287
(2020/07/24)
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- Switching from biaryl formation to amidation with convoluted polymeric nickel catalysis
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A stable, reusable, and insoluble poly(4-vinyl-pyridine) nickel catalyst (P4VP-NiCl2) was prepared through the molecular convolution of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) and nickel chloride. We proposed a coordination structure of the Ni center in the precatalyst based on elemental analysis and Ni K-edge XANES, and we confirmed that it is consistent with Ni K-edge EXAFS. The Suzuki?Miyaura-type coupling of aryl halides and arylboronic esters proceeded using P4VP-NiCl2 (0.1 mol % Ni) to give the corresponding biaryl compounds in up to 94% yield. Surprisingly, when the same reaction of aryl halides and arylboronic acid/ester was carried out in the presence of amides, the amidation proceeded predominantly to give the corresponding arylamides in up to 99% yield. In contrast, the reaction of aryl halides and amides in the absence of arylboronic acid/ester did not proceed. P4VP-NiCl2 successfully catalyzed the lactamization for preparing phenanthridinone. P4VP-NiCl2 was reused five times without significant loss of catalytic activity. Pharmaceuticals, natural products, and biologically active compounds were synthesized efficiently using P4VPNiCl2 catalysis. Nickel contamination in the prepared pharmaceutical compounds was not detected by ICP-MS analysis. The reaction was scaled to multigrams without any loss of chemical yield. Mechanistic studies for both Suzuki?Miyaura and amidation were performed.
- Sen, Abhijit,Dhital, Raghu N.,Sato, Takuma,Ohno, Aya,Yamada, Yoichi M.A.
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p. 14410 - 14418
(2020/12/21)
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- Amide Synthesis from Thiocarboxylic Acids and Amines by Spontaneous Reaction and Electrosynthesis
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Amide bond formation is one of the most important basic reactions in chemistry. A catalyst-free approach for constructing amide bonds from thiocarboxylic acids and amines was developed. The mechanistic studies showed that the disulfide was the key intermediate for this amide synthesis. Thiobenzoic acids could be automatically oxidized to disulfides in air, thioaliphatic acids could be electro-oxidized to disulfides, and the resulting disulfides reacted with amines to give the corresponding amides. By this method, various amides could be easily synthesized in excellent yields without using any catalyst or activator. The successful synthesis of bioactive compounds also highlights the synthetic utility of this strategy in medicinal chemistry.
- Tang, Li,Matuska, Jack H.,Huang, Yu-Han,He, Yan-Hong,Guan, Zhi
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p. 2570 - 2575
(2019/06/13)
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- Solvent- and transition metal-free amide synthesis from phenyl esters and aryl amines
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A general, economical, and environmentally friendly method of amide synthesis from phenyl esters and aryl amines was developed. This new method has significant advantages compared to previously reported palladium-catalyzed approaches. The reaction is performed transition metal- and solvent-free, using a cheap and environmentally benign base, NaH. This approach enabled us to obtain target amides in high yields with high atom economy.
- Rzhevskiy, Sergey A.,Ageshina, Alexandra A.,Chesnokov, Gleb A.,Gribanov, Pavel S.,Topchiy, Maxim A.,Nechaev, Mikhail S.,Asachenko, Andrey F.
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p. 1536 - 1540
(2019/01/24)
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- ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND ORGANIC ELECTRO LUMINESCENCE DEVICE COMPRISING THE SAME
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The present invention relates to a novel compound and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. A compound according to the present invention is used for an organic layer, preferably a light emitting layer, a hole transporting layer, an electron transport layer, or an electron transport auxiliary layer of the organic electroluminescent device, thereby being able to improve luminous efficiency, driving voltage, lifespan and the like of the organic electroluminescent device.COPYRIGHT KIPO 2019
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Paragraph 0314-0319
(2019/11/27)
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- Nickel/Briphos-Catalyzed Direct Transamidation of Unactivated Secondary Amides Using Trimethylsilyl Chloride
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Direct transamidation of secondary amides was developed via nickel catalysis. In the presence of trimethylsilyl chloride and manganese, Ni(diglyme)Cl2 with a Briphos ligand efficiently promoted the transamidation of N-aryl benzamide derivatives with primary amines to afford the corresponding secondary amides in moderate to good yields. Primary amines bearing electron-donating groups gave higher yields of the transamidation products.
- Yu, Subeen,Shin, Taeil,Zhang, Maosheng,Xia, Yuanzhi,Kim, Hyunwoo,Lee, Sunwoo
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supporting information
p. 7563 - 7566
(2019/01/03)
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- Synthesis of Benzamide Derivatives by the Reaction of Arenes and Isocyanides through a C-H Bond Activation Strategy
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A carbon-carbon bond formation reaction between isocyanides and benzene derivatives is reported. In contrast to traditional cross-coupling reactions, which require aryl halides or pseudohalides, we use a palladium catalyst to generate the aryl-palladium through C-H bond activation of arenes. This method offers an attractive approach to a range of benzamides from readily accessible benzene derivatives.
- Khalaj, Mehdi,Taherkhani, Mahboubeh,Mousavi-Safavi, Seyed Mahmoud,Akbari, Jafar
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- Rapidly Activating Pd-Precatalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura and Buchwald-Hartwig Couplings of Aryl Esters
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Esters are valuable electrophiles for cross-coupling due to their ubiquity and ease of synthesis. However, harsh conditions are traditionally required for the effective cross-coupling of ester substrates. Utilizing a recently discovered precatalyst, Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura and Buchwald-Hartwig reactions involving cleavage of the C(acyl)-O bond of aryl esters that proceed under mild conditions are reported. The Pd(II) precatalyst is highly active because it is reduced to the Pd(0) active species more rapidly than previous precatalysts.
- Dardir, Amira H.,Melvin, Patrick R.,Davis, Ryan. M.,Hazari, Nilay,Mohadjer Beromi, Megan
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supporting information
p. 469 - 477
(2018/02/19)
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- A Cross-Coupling Approach to Amide Bond Formation from Esters
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A palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling between aryl esters and anilines is reported, enabling access to diverse amides. The reaction takes place via activation of the C-O bond by oxidative addition with a Pd-NHC complex, which enables the use of relatively non-nucleophilic anilines that otherwise require stoichiometric activation with strong bases in order to react. High yields of aromatic, aliphatic, and heterocyclic products are obtained. A range of activated esters are evaluated in the presence and absence of catalyst, demonstrating that the catalytic methodology substantially increases the types of electrophiles that can be utilized for amide bond formation in the absence of harsh bases.
- Ben Halima, Taoufik,Vandavasi, Jaya Kishore,Shkoor, Mohanad,Newman, Stephen G.
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p. 2176 - 2180
(2017/08/09)
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- Efficient and Mild Ullmann-Type N-Arylation of Amides, Carbamates, and Azoles in Water
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A simple, sustainable, efficient, mild, and low-cost protocol was developed for d-glucose-assisted Cu-catalyzed Ullmann reactions in water for amides, carbamates, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The reaction was compatible with diverse aryl/heteroaryl iodides, giving highly substituted pyridine, indole, or indazole rings. This method offers an attractive alternative to existing protocols, because the reaction proceeds in aqueous media, occurs at or near ambient temperature, and provides the N-arylated products in good to high yields.
- Bollenbach, Maud,Aquino, Pedro G. V.,de Araújo-Júnior, Jo?o Xavier,Bourguignon, Jean-Jacques,Bihel, Frédéric,Salomé, Christophe,Wagner, Patrick,Schmitt, Martine
-
supporting information
p. 13676 - 13683
(2017/10/10)
-
- Copper-catalyzed synthesis of arylcarboxamides from aldehydes and isocyanides: The isocyano group as an N1 synthon
-
An interesting radical coupling reaction of aromatic aldehydes with isocyanides was disclosed for the synthesis of amides catalyzed by copper. According to the experimental results and mechanistic study, the isocyano group acted as an N1 synthon rather than exhibiting the carbene-like reactivity, exploiting a new reactivity profile of isocyanides.
- Liu, Jian-Quan,Shen, Xuanyu,Liu, Zhenhua,Wang, Xiang-Shan
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supporting information
p. 6314 - 6317
(2017/08/10)
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- Rhodium-catalyzed electrophilic amination of arylboronic acids with secondary hydroxylamines
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A rhodium(III)-catalyzed electrophilic amination of arylboronic acids with secondary hydroxylamines has been developed. The rhodium catalysis is compatible with heteroarylboronic acids as well as acyl and alkoxycarbonyl protecting groups on the nitrogen of O-acylhydroxylamines, and the corresponding secondary anilines are obtained in good to excellent yields.
- Yasuhisa, Tomohiro,Hirano, Koji,Miura, Masahiro
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supporting information
p. 463 - 465
(2017/04/03)
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- A Method for Identifying and Developing Functional Group Tolerant Catalytic Reactions: Application to the Buchwald-Hartwig Amination
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Transition-metal catalysis has revolutionized organic synthesis, but difficulties can often be encountered when applied to highly functionalized molecules, such as pharmaceuticals and their precursors. This results in discovery collections that are enrich
- Richardson, Jeffery,Ruble, J. Craig,Love, Elizabeth A.,Berritt, Simon
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supporting information
p. 3741 - 3750
(2017/04/11)
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- Exploiting the Reactivity of Isocyanide: Coupling Reaction between Isocyanide and Toluene Derivatives Using the Isocyano Group as an N1 Synthon
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An unusual oxidative coupling reaction of isocyanide and toluene derivatives using tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) as a catalyst is disclosed. The experimental results and mechanistic study show that the isocyano group acts formally as an N1 synthon during the transformation, thus expanding the reactivity profile of isocyanide.
- Liu, Zhiqiang,Zhang, Xinglu,Li, Jian,Li, Jianxiong,Li, Feng,Li, Chunju,Jia, Xueshun
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p. 4052 - 4055
(2016/08/30)
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- A quick Chan-Lam C-N and C-S cross coupling at room temperature in the presence of square pyramidal [Cu(DMAP)4I]I as a catalyst
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A rapid and efficient protocol for C-N and C-S cross coupling has been developed using a new square pyramidal copper complex, [Cu(DMAP)4I]I. The complex was successfully synthesized via a disproportionation reaction of CuI and DMAP in DMSO. The catalytic activity of the complex was found to be excellent for Chan-Lam coupling reaction between aryl boronic acid and amine, amide, azide or thiol. The reaction could be carried out in the presence of only 2 mol% of the copper catalyst in methanol at room temperature within a short time.
- Roy, Subhasish,Sarma, Manas Jyoti,Kashyap, Bishwapran,Phukan, Prodeep
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supporting information
p. 1170 - 1173
(2016/01/15)
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- Palladium/copper tandem catalysis for carbon-carbon triple bond cleavage of diaryl acetylenes
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A method for carbon-carbon triple bond cleavage based on palladium/copper tandem catalysis is developed. In this chemistry, anilines and diaryl acetylenes were converted into benzamides through cascade transformations combining palladium-catalyzed hydroamination of alkyne with copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative C-C bond cleavage.
- Wang, Zhiwei,Fan, Wenyou,Deng, Guo-Jun,Zhou, Wang
-
supporting information
p. 5449 - 5452
(2015/09/15)
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- Copper-Catalyzed N-Benzoylation of Amines via Aerobic C-C Bond Cleavage
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A general copper/air catalytic system for selectively oxidative C-C bond cleavage of 1,2-diarylethan-1-one has been developed, giving aromatic aldehydes and N-benzoylation products of various amines in moderate to excellent yields. This research provides an alternative approach for the N-benzoylation of amine in mild and neutral conditions.
- Fan, Wenyou,Yang, Youqing,Lei, Jianhua,Jiang, Qijian,Zhou, Wang
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p. 8782 - 8789
(2015/09/15)
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- Phosphine-free atmospheric carbonylation of aryl iodides with aniline derivatives in the presence of a reusable silica-supported palladium catalyst
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Various palladium catalysts were obtained by the immobilisation of palladium on silica, modified with imidazolium salts. The efficiency of the catalysts was greatly dependent on the choice of the anion of the imidazolium salt, the palladium precursor and on the conditions of heterogenisation. Palladium acetate immobilised on silica with grafted imidazolium chloride moieties was shown to be a selective and recyclable catalyst for atmospheric aminocarbonylation of aryl iodides with aromatic amines in DMF. It was proved that the greater loss of palladium in DMSO can be explained by the formation of soluble palladium complexes.
- Urbán, Béla,Papp, Máté,Srankó, Dávid,Skoda-F?ldes, Rita
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p. 150 - 157
(2015/02/19)
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- Effective nitration of anilides and acrylamides by tert-butyl nitrite
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Nitro compounds are important intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry and the chemical industry. Herein, the efficient copper-catalyzed [10% Cu(NO3)2·3H2O] nitration of anilides was developed by using TBN (tert-butyl nitrite) as a nitrating reagent to give the corresponding nitro-substituted aromatic products in good to excellent yields. The use of TBN also led to the selective nitration of acrylamides at room temperature to afford only the (E) isomer of the nitration product. A series of anilides and acrylamides with a broad array of functional groups were well-tolerated by this procedure. This synthetic method has many advantages, which include inexpensive starting materials, mild reaction conditions, a fast reaction rate, and high yields. A mechanistic investigation indicates that a nitro radical, which is generated from the thermal homolysis of TBN, is involved in the two nitration processes. The efficient nitration of both anilides and acrylamides was achieved by using TBN (tert-butyl nitrite) as a metal-free nitrating reagent. This synthetic method has many advantages such as mild reaction conditions, a fast reaction rate, good to excellent yields, and a broad substrate scope. Our investigation indicates that a nitro radical is involved in the reaction mechanism.
- Ji, Yi-Fei,Yan, Hong,Jiang, Qi-Bai
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p. 2051 - 2060
(2015/03/18)
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- Practical synthesis of phthalimides and benzamides by a multicomponent reaction involving arynes, isocyanides, and CO2/H2O
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Transition-metal-free multicomponent reactions involving arynes and isocyanides with either CO2 or H2O have been reported. With CO2 as the third component, the reactions resulted in the formation of N-substituted phthalimides. The utility of water as the third component furnished benzamide derivatives in moderate to good yields. These reactions took place under mild conditions with broad scope.
- Kaicharla, Trinadh,Thangaraj, Manikandan,Biju, Akkattu T.
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supporting information
p. 1728 - 1731
(2014/04/17)
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- Copper catalyzed N-arylation between aryl halides and nitriles in water: An efficient tandem synthesis of benzanilides
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A series of benzanilide compounds were synthesized through copper-catalyzed tandem reactions. With the assistance of ionic liquid as phase transfer catalyst, aryl halides, and nitriles underwent a hydrolysis/coupling pathway to form benzanilides in water. Advantages of this reaction include the use of water as the environmental friendly solvent, short reaction time, and the tolerance of various functional groups. A proposed mechanism based on control experiments is also presented.
- Wang, Jichao,Yin, Xinchi,Wu, Jun,Wu, Datong,Pan, Yuanjiang
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p. 10463 - 10469
(2013/11/19)
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- Green and efficient method for the acylation of amines and phenols in the presence of hydrotalcite in water
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In this study a mild, efficient and environmentally friendly method has been developed for the synthesis of amides and esters in the presence of hydrotalcite in water at room temperature. Different types of amines and phenols have been used and in all cases the products were obtained in moderate to high yields after an easy work-up. This method follows the principles of green chemistry.
- Massah, Ahmad Reza,Toghyani, Mitra,Najafabadi, Batool Hojati
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p. 603 - 605,3
(2020/09/16)
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- SMALL MOLECULE MODIFIERS OF MICRORNA MIR-122
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MicroRNAs are a class of endogenous regulators of gene function. Aberrant regulation of microRNAs has been linked to various human diseases, most importantly cancer. Small molecule intervention of microRNA misregulation has the potential to provide new th
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Page/Page column 38
(2011/08/08)
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- Small molecule modifiers of MicroRNA miR-122 function for the treatment of hepatitis C Virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma
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MicroRNAs are a recently discovered new class of important endogenous regulators of gene function. Aberrant regulation of microRNAs has been linked to various human diseases, most importantly cancer. Small molecule intervention of microRNA misregulation h
- Young, Douglas D.,Connelly, Colleen M.,Grohmann, Christoph,Deiters, Alexander
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7976 - 7981
(2010/08/05)
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- AROMATIC AMINE DERIVATIVE AND ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICE USING SAME
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Disclosed is a novel aromatic amine derivative having an asymmetric structure. Also disclosed is an organic electroluminescent device wherein an organic thin film composed of one or more layers including at least a light-emitting layer is interposed between a cathode and an anode. Since at least one layer of the organic thin film contains the aromatic amine derivative by itself or as a component of a mixture, molecules are hardly crystallized, thereby improving the production yield of the organic electroluminescent device. This organic electroluminescent device has a long life.
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Page/Page column 65
(2008/06/13)
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- Nucleophilic acyl substitutions of anhydrides with protic nucleophiles catalyzed by amphoteric, oxomolybdenum species
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(Chemical Equation Presented) Among six different group VIb oxometallic species examined, dioxomolybdenum dichloride and oxomolybdenum tetrachloride were the most efficient catalysts to facilitate nucleophilic acyl substitution (NAS) of anhydrides with a myriad array of alcohols, amines, and thiols in high yields and high chemoselectivity. In contrast to the well-recognized redox chemical behaviors associated with oxomolybdenum(VI) species, the catalytic NAS was unprecedented and tolerates virtually all kinds of functional groups. By using benzoic anhydride as a mediator for in situ generation of an incipient mixed anhydride-MoO2Cl2 adduct with a given functional alkanoic acid, one can achieve oleate, dipeptide, diphenylmethyl, N-Fmoc-α-amino, pyruvic, and tert-butylthio ester, N-tert-butylamide, and trityl methacrylate syntheses with appropriate protic nucleophiles. The amphoteric character of the Mo=O unit in oxomolybdenum chlorides was found to be responsible for the catalytic NAS profile as supported by a control NAS reaction of using an authentic adduct-MoOCl2(O2-CBu t)2 between pivalic anhydride and MoO2Cl 2 as the catalyst.
- Chen, Chien-Tien,Kuo, Jen-Huang,Pawar, Vijay D.,Munot, Yogesh S.,Weng, Shieu-Shien,Ku, Cheng-Hsiu,Liu, Cheng-Yuan
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p. 1188 - 1197
(2007/10/03)
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- Intramolecular charge transfer with N-benzoylaminonaphthalenes. 1-Aminonaphthalene versus 2-aminonaphthalene as electron donors
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N-(substituted-benzoyl)-1-aminonaphthalenes and N-(substituted-benzoyl)-2-aminonaphthalenes (1-NBAs and 2-NBAs) with varied substituents at the para- or meta-position of benzoylphenyl ring were prepared to probe the difference between 1-aminonaphthalene (1-AN) and 2-aminonaphthalene (2-AN) as electron donors, using benzanilide-like charge transfer as a probe reaction. An abnormal long-wavelength emission was found for all of the prepared aminonaphthalene derivatives in cyclohexane and was assigned to the CT state by the observation of a substantial red shift with increasing solvent polarity or with increasing electron-withdrawing ability of the substituent. The CT emission energies were found to follow a linear relationship with the Hammett constant of the substituent and the value of the linear slope for 1-NBAs (-0.45 eV) was higher than that of 2-NBAs(-0.35 eV), the latter being close to that of the aniline derivatives (BAs, -0.345 eV). This pointed to a higher extent of charge separation in the CT state of 1-NBAs in which a full charge separation was established by the reduction potential dependence of the CT emission energy with a linear slope of -1.00. The possible contribution of the difference in the steric effect and the electron donating ability of the donors in 1-NBAs and 2-NBAs was ruled out by the observation that the corresponding linear slopes of benzoyl-substituted BAs remained unchanged when para-, meta-, ortho-, or ortho, ortho-methyls were introduced into the aniline moiety. It was therefore concluded that 1-AN enhanced the charge transfer in 1-NBAs and the proximity of its 1La and 1Lb states was suggested to be responsible. Results showed that the charge transfers in 1-NBAs and 2-NBAs were not the same and 1-AN and 2-AN as electron donors were different not only in electron donating ability but in shaping the charge transfer pathways as well.
- Zhang, Xuan,Liu, Chun-Hua,Liu, Li-Hong,Wu, Fang-Ying,Guo, Lin,Sun, Xiang-Ying,Wang, Chao-Jie,Jiang, Yun-Bao
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p. 728 - 732
(2007/10/03)
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- Syntheses of aromatic amides by a direct condensation reaction using phosphorous acid-iodine as reagent
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Aromatic amides have been prepared with high to moderate yields by a direct condensation reaction of aromatic carboxylic acids with aromatic amines in the presence of phosphorous acid and iodine in pyridine solution at reflux (about 140-150°), for 5-6 hours.
- Chiriac, Constantin I.,Onciu, Marioara,Tibirna, Mihaela,Tanasa, Fulga-Mihaela,Tru?can, Ioan,Ropot, Radu
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-
- Synthesis and in Vitro Aldolase Reductase Inhibitory Activity of Compounds Containing an N-Acylglycine Moiety
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A number of N-benzoylglycines (6), N-acetyl-N-phenylglycines (7), N-benzoyl-N-phenylglycines (8), and tricyclic N-acetic acids (9-12) were synthesized as analogues of the N-acylglycine-containing aldolase reductase inhibitors alrestatin and 2-oxoquinoline-1-acetic acid.Derivatives of 6, which represent ring-simplified analogues of alrestatin, are very weak inhibitors of aldolase reductase obtained from rat lens, producing 50percent inhibition only at concentrations exceeding 100 μM.Compounds of series 7 were designed as ring-opened analogues of the 2-oxoquinolines.While this derivatives are more potent than compounds of series 6 (IC 50s of 6-80 μM), they are less active than the corresponding 2-oxoquinolines.Analogues of series 8 were designed as hybrid structures of both alrestatin and the 2-oxoquinoline-1-acetic acids.These compounds are substantially more potent than compounds of series 6 and 7 and display inhibitory activities comparable to or greater than alrestatin or the 2-oxoquinolines (IC 50s of 0.1-10 μM).Of the rigid analogues of 8, the most potent derivative is benzoxindol (12) with an IC 50 of 0.67 μM, suggesting that fusion of the two aromatic rings of 8 in a coplanar conformation may optimize affinity for aldose reductase in this series.
- DeRuiter, Jack,Swearingen, Blake E.,Wandrekar, Vinay,Mayfield, Charles A.
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p. 1033 - 1038
(2007/10/02)
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- TETRAZOLES. XIV. PRODUCTION OF N-BENZOYLTETRAZOLES AND THEIR CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
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The acylation of 5-phenyltetrazole by substituted benzoyl chlorides in the methylene chloride-water two-phase system in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide leads to the formation of the isomeric 1-benzoyl- and 2-benzoyl-5-phenyltetrazoles.N-Benzoyltetrazoles have high reactivity and can be recommended as effective reagents for the acylation of compounds containing a mobile hydrogen atom.
- Myznikov, Yu. E.,Koldobskii, G. I.,Vasil'eva, I. N.,Ostrovskii, V. A.
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p. 1397 - 1401
(2007/10/02)
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