- Characterization of maleimide-based glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitors as stimulators of steroidogenesis
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Inhibition of GSK-3β has been well documented to account for the behavioral actions of the mood stabilizer lithium in various animal models of mood disorders. Recent studies have showed that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β resulted in anxiolytic-like and pro-social behavior. In our ongoing efforts to develop GSK-3β inhibitors for the treatment of mood disorders, SAR studies on maleimide-based compounds were undertaken. We present herein for the first time that some of these GSK-3β inhibitors, in particular analogues 1 and 9, were able to stimulate progesterone production in the MA-10 mouse tumor Leydig cell model of steroidogenesis without any significant toxicity. These two compounds were tested in the SmartCube behavioral assay and showed anxiolytic-like signatures following daily dose administration (50 mg/kg, ip) for 13 days. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that GSK-3β inhibition could influence neuroactive steroid production thereby mediating the modulation of anxiety-like behavior in vivo.
- Gunosewoyo, Hendra,Midzak, Andrew,Gaisina, Irina N.,Sabath, Emily V.,Fedolak, Allison,Hanania, Taleen,Brunner, Dani,Papadopoulos, Vassilios,Kozikowski, Alan P.
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Read Online
- Novel fluorine-18 labeled 5-(1-pyrrolidinylsulfonyl)-7-azaisatin derivatives as potential PET tracers for in vivo imaging of activated caspases in apoptosis
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The programmed type I cell death, defined as apoptosis, is induced by complex regulated signaling pathways that trigger the intracellular activation of executioner caspases-3, -6 and -7. Once activated, these enzymes initiate cellular death through cleavage of proteins which are responsible for DNA repair, signaling and cell maintenance. Several radiofluorinated inhibitors of caspases-3 and -7, comprising a moderate lipophilic 5-(1-pyrrolidinylsulfonyl)isatin lead structure, are currently being investigated for imaging apoptosis in vivo by us and others. The purpose of this study was to increase the intrinsic hydrophilicity of the aforementioned lead structure to alter the pharmacokinetic behavior of the resulting caspase-3 and -7 targeted radiotracer. Therefore, fluorinated and non-fluorinated derivatives of 5-(1-pyrrolidinylsulfonyl)-7-azaisatin were synthesized and tested for their inhibitory properties against recombinant caspases-3 and -7. Fluorine-18 has been introduced by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) of an alkyne precursor with 2-[18F]fluoroethylazide. Using dynamic micro-PET biodistribution studies in vivo the kinetic behavior of one promising PET-compatible 5-pyrrolidinylsulfonyl 7-azaisatin derivative has been compared to a previously described isatin based radiotracer.
- Waldmann, Christopher M.,Hermann, Sven,Faust, Andreas,Riemann, Burkhard,Schober, Otmar,Sch?fers, Michael,Haufe, Günter,Kopka, Klaus
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Read Online
- Synthesis of new melatonin analogues from dimers of azaindole and indole by use of Suzuki homocoupling
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N-{2-[3′-(2-Acetylaminoethyl)-1H,1′H-[5,5′]biindol-3-yl]- and N-{2-[1′-(2-acetylaminoethyl)-1′H-[5, 5′]biindol-1-yl]ethyl}acetamide (2,3) and their analogues in 7-azaindole series (4,5) were synthesized by palladium catalysed reaction starting from indole or 7-azaindole using [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium, as catalyst.
- Guillard, Jerome,Larraya, Carlos,Viaud-Massuard, Marie-Claude
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Read Online
- A new oxadiazole-based topsentin derivative modulates cyclin-dependent kinase 1 expression and exerts cytotoxic effects on pancreatic cancer cells
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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal form of cancer characterized by drug resistance, urging new therapeutic strategies. In recent years, protein kinases have emerged as promising pharmacological targets for the treatment of several solid and hematological tumors. Interestingly, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is overexpressed in PDAC tissues and has been correlated to the aggressive nature of these tumors because of its key role in cell cycle progression and resistance to the induction of apoptosis. For these reasons, CDK1 is one of the main causes of chemoresistance, representing a promising pharmacological target. In this study, we report the synthesis of new 1,2,4-oxadiazole compounds and evaluate their ability to inhibit the cell growth of PATU-T, Hs766T, and HPAF-II cell lines and a primary PDAC cell culture (PDAC3). Compound 6b was the most active compound, with IC50 values ranging from 5.7 to 10.7 μM. Molecular docking of 6b into the active site of CDK1 showed the ability of the compound to interact effectively with the adenosine triphosphate binding pocket. Therefore, we assessed its ability to induce apoptosis (which increased 1.5-and 2-fold in PATU-T and PDAC3 cells, respectively) and to inhibit CDK1 expression, which was reduced to 45% in Hs766T. Lastly, compound 6b passed the ADME prediction, showing good pharmacokinetic parameters. These data demonstrate that 6b displays cytotoxic activity, induces apoptosis, and targets CDK1, supporting further studies for the development of similar compounds against PDAC.
- Avan, Amir,Carbone, Daniela,Cascioferro, Stella,Diana, Patrizia,Giovannetti, Elisa,Parrino, Barbara,Pecoraro, Camilla,Peters, Godefridus J.,Puerta, Adrian
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- Scaffold-Hopping Strategy on a Series of Proteasome Inhibitors Led to a Preclinical Candidate for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis
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There is an urgent need for new treatments for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a parasitic infection which impacts heavily large areas of East Africa, Asia, and South America. We previously reported on the discovery of GSK3494245/DDD01305143 (1) as a preclinical candidate for VL and, herein, we report on the medicinal chemistry program that led to its identification. A hit from a phenotypic screen was optimized to give a compound with in vivo efficacy, which was hampered by poor solubility and genotoxicity. The work on the original scaffold failed to lead to developable compounds, so an extensive scaffold-hopping exercise involving medicinal chemistry design, in silico profiling, and subsequent synthesis was utilized, leading to the preclinical candidate. The compound was shown to act via proteasome inhibition, and we report on the modeling of different scaffolds into a cryo-EM structure and the impact this has on our understanding of the series' structure-activity relationships.
- Thomas, Michael,Brand, Stephen,De Rycker, Manu,Zuccotto, Fabio,Lukac, Iva,Dodd, Peter G.,Ko, Eun-Jung,Manthri, Sujatha,McGonagle, Kate,Osuna-Cabello, Maria,Riley, Jennifer,Pont, Caterina,Simeons, Frederick,Stojanovski, Laste,Thomas, John,Thompson, Stephen,Viayna, Elisabet,Fiandor, Jose M.,Martin, Julio,Wyatt, Paul G.,Miles, Timothy J.,Read, Kevin D.,Marco, Maria,Gilbert, Ian H.
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supporting information
p. 5905 - 5930
(2021/06/01)
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- Electroreductive Carbofunctionalization of Alkenes with Alkyl Bromides via a Radical-Polar Crossover Mechanism
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Electrochemistry grants direct access to reactive intermediates (radicals and ions) in a controlled fashion toward selective organic transformations. This feature has been demonstrated in a variety of alkene functionalization reactions, most of which proceed via an anodic oxidation pathway. In this report, we further expand the scope of electrochemistry to the reductive functionalization of alkenes. In particular, the strategic choice of reagents and reaction conditions enabled a radical-polar crossover pathway wherein two distinct electrophiles can be added across an alkene in a highly chemo- and regioselective fashion. Specifically, we used this strategy in the intermolecular carboformylation, anti-Markovnikov hydroalkylation, and carbocarboxylation of alkenes - reactions with rare precedents in the literature - by means of the electroreductive generation of alkyl radical and carbanion intermediates. These reactions employ readily available starting materials (alkyl halides, alkenes, etc.) and simple, transition-metal-free conditions and display broad substrate scope and good tolerance of functional groups. A uniform protocol can be used to achieve all three transformations by simply altering the reaction medium. This development provides a new avenue for constructing Csp3-Csp3 bonds.
- Zhang, Wen,Lin, Song
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supporting information
p. 20661 - 20670
(2020/12/23)
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- Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of 3,5-Disubstituted-pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridines as Inhibitors of Adaptor-Associated Kinase 1 with Antiviral Activity
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There are currently no approved drugs for the treatment of emerging viral infections, such as dengue and Ebola. Adaptor-associated kinase 1 (AAK1) is a cellular serine-threonine protein kinase that functions as a key regulator of the clathrin-associated host adaptor proteins and regulates the intracellular trafficking of multiple unrelated RNA viruses. Moreover, AAK1 is overexpressed specifically in dengue virus-infected but not bystander cells. Because AAK1 is a promising antiviral drug target, we have embarked on an optimization campaign of a previously identified 7-azaindole analogue, yielding novel pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines with high AAK1 affinity. The optimized compounds demonstrate improved activity against dengue virus both in vitro and in human primary dendritic cells and the unrelated Ebola virus. These findings demonstrate that targeting cellular AAK1 may represent a promising broad-spectrum antiviral strategy.
- Verdonck, Sven,Pu, Szu-Yuan,Sorrell, Fiona J.,Elkins, Jon M.,Froeyen, Mathy,Gao, Ling-Jie,Prugar, Laura I.,Dorosky, Danielle E.,Brannan, Jennifer M.,Barouch-Bentov, Rina,Knapp, Stefan,Dye, John M.,Herdewijn, Piet,Einav, Shirit,De Jonghe, Steven
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p. 5810 - 5831
(2019/07/04)
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- 2,4-DISUBSTITUTED PHENYLENE-1,5-DIAMINE DERIVATIVES AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF, AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS AND PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE COMPOSITIONS PREPARED THEREFROM
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The present invention provides a class of 2,4-substituted phenylene-1,5-diamine derivatives, having an inhibiting effect on EGFR tyrosine kinases, and pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, solvate or prodrug of said derivatives. See the description for the definition of each group in the formula. In addition, the present invention also discloses pharmaceutical compositions, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions and applications thereof.
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Paragraph 0149; 0150
(2017/01/31)
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- Ru/Ni Dual Catalytic Desulfinative Photoredox Csp2-C sp3Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Sulfinate Salts and Aryl Halides
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A mild Ru/Ni dual catalytic desulfinative photoredox Csp2-Csp3 cross-coupling reaction of alkyl sulfinate salts with aryl halides has been developed. The optimized catalyst system, consisting of Ru(bpy)3Cl2, Ni(COD)2, and DBU, smoothly mediates the coupling of a diverse set of secondary and primary nonactivated alkyl sulfinate salts with a broad range of electron-deficient aryl bromides, electron-rich aryl iodides, and heteroaryl bromides under irradiation with blue light. The procedure is ideal for late-stage introduction of alkyl groups on pharmaceutical intermediates, and the Csp2-Csp3 cross-coupling reaction allowed the rapid synthesis of caseine kinase 1 inhibitor analogues via a parallel medicinal chemistry effort.
- Knauber, Thomas,Chandrasekaran, Ramalakshmi,Tucker, Joseph W.,Chen, Jinshan Michael,Reese, Matthew,Rankic, Danica A.,Sach, Neal,Helal, Christopher
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supporting information
p. 6566 - 6569
(2017/12/26)
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- OXADIAZINE COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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The present disclosure relates to oxadiazine compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of an oxadiazine compound and methods for using an oxadiazine compound in the treatment of a neurodegenerative disease, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of an oxadiazine compound.
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Paragraph 0653
(2017/03/14)
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- Application of 7-azaisatins in enantioselective Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction
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7-Azaisatin and 7-azaoxindole skeletons are valuable building blocks in diverse biologically active substances. Here 7-azaisatins turned out to be more efficient electrophiles than the analogous isatins in the enantioselective Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reactions with maleimides using a bifunctional tertiary amine, β-isocupreidine (β-ICD), as the catalyst. This route allows a convenient approach to access multifunctional 3-hydroxy-7-aza-2-oxindoles with high enantiopurity (up to 94% ee). Other types of activated alkenes, such as acrylates and acrolein, could also be efficiently utilized.
- He, Qing,Zhan, Gu,Du, Wei,Chen, Ying-Chun
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p. 309 - 313
(2016/04/05)
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- Palladium-catalyzed regioselective C-2 arylation of 7-azaindoles, indoles, and pyrroles with arenes
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A palladium-catalyzed regioselective C-2 arylation of 7-azaindoles, indoles, and pyrroles with arenes has been developed. This study unveils that a critical substrate dependent acid concentration is essential for achieving exclusive C-2 selectivity as wel
- Laha, Joydev K.,Bhimpuria, Rohan A.,Prajapati, Dilip V.,Dayal, Neetu,Sharma, Shubhra
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supporting information
p. 4329 - 4332
(2016/03/22)
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- PYRAZOLOPYRIMIDINES AS INHIBITORS OF GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR TRANSLOCATION
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Provided herein are compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds. The subject compounds and compositions are useful as modulators of Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) translocation. Furthermore, the subject compounds and compositions are useful for the treatment of diseases involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
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Paragraph 00786
(2016/08/23)
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- Palladium Catalyzed Monoselective α-Arylation of Sulfones and Sulfonamides with 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine·ZnCl·LiCl Base and Aryl Bromides
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A palladium catalyzed Negishi-type α-arylation of sulfones and sulfonamides with a broad range of aryl bromides has been developed. The substrates are selectively metalated in situ with tmp·ZnCl·LiCl base (tmp: 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and cross-coupled in the presence of a catalyst system that is generated from Pd(dba)2 and XPhos. Electron-deficient, electron-rich, and heterocyclic aryl bromides have been successfully cross-coupled, and sensitive functional groups are well tolerated. Simple aryl bromides are converted overnight at 60 °C in THF while heteroaryl bromides are efficiently coupled within 2 h at 130 °C in a microwave reactor. The desired monoarylated α-branched benzyl sulfones and sulfonamides were obtained in good yields, and overarylation was not detected. The procedure is ideal for late stage functionalization in parallel medicinal chemistry.
- Knauber, Thomas,Tucker, Joseph
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p. 5636 - 5648
(2016/07/14)
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- COMPOUNDS USEFUL AS CSF1 MODULATORS
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This invention relates to novel compounds and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the novel compounds. More specifically, the invention relates to compounds useful as Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (cFMS) modulators (e.g. cFMS inhibitors). This invention also relates to processes for preparing the compounds, uses of the compounds in treatment and methods of treatment employing the compounds. Specifically, the invention relates to the use of the compounds for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.
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Paragraph 00356; 00357; 00358
(2016/04/26)
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- Synthesis and antitumor activity of new thiazole nortopsentin analogs
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New thiazole nortopsentin analogs in which one of the two indole units was replaced by a naphthyl and/or 7-azaindolyl portion, were conveniently synthesized. Among these, three derivatives showed good antiproliferative activity, in particular against MCF7 cell line, with GI50 values in the micromolar range. Their cytotoxic effect on MCF7 cells was further investigated in order to elucidate their mode of action. Results showed that the three compounds act as pro-apoptotic agents inducing a clear shift of viable cells towards early apoptosis, while not exerting necrotic effects. They also caused cell cycle perturbation with significant decrease in the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 and S phases, accompanied by a concomitant percentage increase of cells in the G2/M phase, and appearance of a subG1-cell population.
- Attanzio, Alessandro,Barraja, Paola,Carbone, Anna,Cascioferro, Stella,Cirrincione, Girolamo,Diana, Patrizia,Montalbano, Alessandra,Parrino, Barbara,Spanò, Virginia,Tesoriere, Luisa
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- Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of thiazolyl-bis-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines and indolyl-thiazolyl-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridines, nortopsentin analogues
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Two new series of nortopsentin analogues, in which the imidazole ring of the natural product was replaced by thiazole and indole units were both substituted by 7-azaindole moieties or one indole unit was replaced by a 6-azaindole portion, were efficiently synthesized. Compounds belonging to both series inhibited the growth of HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells at low micromolar concentrations, whereas they did not affect the viability of normal-like intestinal cells. A compound of the former series induced apoptosis, evident as externalization of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine (PS), and changes of mitochondrial trans-membrane potential, while blocking the cell cycle in G2/M phase. In contrast, a derivative of the latter series elicited distinct responses in accordance with the dose. Thus, low concentrations (GI30) induced morphological changes characteristic of autophagic death with massive formation of cytoplasmic acid vacuoles without apparent loss of nuclear material, and with arrest of cell cycle at the G1 phase, whereas higher concentrations (GI70) induced apoptosis with arrest of cell cycle at the G1 phase.
- Carbone, Anna,Parrino, Barbara,Vita, Gloria Di,Attanzio, Alessandro,Span, Virginia,Montalbano, Alessandra,Barraja, Paola,Tesoriere, Luisa,Livrea, Maria Antonia,Diana, Patrizia,Cirrincione, Girolamo
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p. 460 - 492
(2015/02/05)
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- PYRAZOLE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE AS T-TYPE CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
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The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) Formula (I) wherein X, Y, R1, R2, (R4)n, and (R5)m are as defined in the description, and to pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds. These compounds are useful as calcium T-channel blockers.
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Page/Page column 96
(2015/12/24)
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- BENZOXAZEPINES BASED P13K/MT0R INHIBITORS AGAINST PROLIFERATIVE DISEASES
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The invention is directed to compounds of formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, as well as methods of making and using the compounds.
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Page/Page column 221
(2010/12/18)
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- Substituted phenylalkanoic acid derivatives and use thereof
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A compound represented by the formula (I) or a salt thereof: wherein n represents an integer of 1 to 3, R represents an alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, a group represented by the following formula: R1(CH2)k— (wherein k represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 3; R1 represents a saturated cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms or a saturated condensed cyclic alkyl group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, and the group R1 may be substituted with a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms) and the like, and Ar represents a condensed bicyclic group such as naphthalen-1-yl group, which has suppressing action on prostaglandin and leukotriene production and is useful for prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatment of various inflammatory diseases and the like caused by these lipid mediators.
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