- Structural insights into the desymmetrization of bulky 1,2-dicarbonyls through enzymatic monoreduction
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Benzil reductases are dehydrogenases preferentially active on aromatic 1,2-diketones, but the reasons for this peculiar substrate recognition have not yet been clarified. The benzil reductase (KRED1-Pglu) from the non-conventional yeast Pichia glucozyma showed excellent activity and stereoselectivity in the monoreduction of space-demanding aromatic 1,2-dicarbonyls, making this enzyme attractive as biocatalyst in organic chemistry. Structural insights into the stereoselective monoreduction of 1,2-diketones catalyzed by KRED1-Pglu were investigated starting from its 1.77 ? resolution crystal structure, followed by QM and classical calculations; this study allowed for the identification and characterization of the KRED1-Pglu reactive site. Once identified the recognition elements involved in the stereoselective desymmetrization of bulky 1,2-dicarbonyls mediated by KRED1-Pglu, a mechanism was proposed together with an in silico prediction of substrates reactivity.
- Rabuffetti, Marco,Cannazza, Pietro,Contente, Martina Letizia,Pinto, Andrea,Romano, Diego,Hoyos, Pilar,Alcantara, Andres R.,Eberini, Ivano,Laurenzi, Tommaso,Gourlay, Louise,Di Pisa, Flavio,Molinari, Francesco
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supporting information
(2021/01/25)
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- Unusual Reactivity of 4-Vinyl Isoxazoles in the Copper-Mediated Synthesis of Pyridines, Employing DMSO as a One-Carbon Surrogate
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An efficient protocol for the synthesis of nicotinate derivatives and tetrasubstituted pyridines through a copper-mediated cleavage of isoxazoles has been developed. The highlight of the work is the observation of an unusual reactivity of 4-vinyl isoxazoles under the reaction conditions. DMSO serves as a one-carbon surrogate generating an active methylene group during the reaction to form two C-C bonds. This protocol provides a facile and an expeditious approach for the assembly of densely substituted N-heterocyclic compounds.
- Kumar, Pravin,Kapur, Manmohan
-
supporting information
p. 5855 - 5860
(2020/07/30)
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- Tf2O-Mediated Intermolecular Coupling of Secondary Amides with Enamines or Ketones: A Versatile and Direct Access to β-Enaminones
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Based on the Tf2O-mediated intermolecular reaction of secondary amides with enamines derived from ketones, a novel approach to β-enaminones has been developed. The reaction is widely functional group tolerant and highly chemoselective. In the presence of 4 ? molecular sieves, the method can be extended to the one-pot condensation of secondary amides with ketones for NH β-enaminones synthesis.
- Liu, Yong-Peng,Zhu, Cheng-Jie,Yu, Cun-Cun,Wang, Ai-E,Huang, Pei-Qiang
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p. 7169 - 7174
(2019/11/16)
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- Copper-catalyzed methylation of 1,3-diketones with tert-butyl peroxybenzoate
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Copper-catalyzed radical methylation of 1,3-diketones with tert-butyl peroxybenzoate in air is described, providing a general pathway to α-methyl 1,3-diketones in moderate to good yields. This protocol has been scaled up to 50?g, and one of the synthesized products can be used in the synthesis of medicine, Rosuvastatin.
- Zhou, Zhi-Hao,Li, Cheng-Kun,Zhou, Shao-Fang,Shoberu, Adedamola,Zou, Jian-Ping
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p. 2740 - 2746
(2017/04/18)
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- Method for preparing 2-methyl-1,3-dicarbonyl derivative
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The invention discloses a method for preparing a 2-methyl-1,3-dicarbonyl derivative. A 1,3-dicarbonyl derivative serves as an initiator, raw materials are easy to obtain, and a great variety of raw materials are available. The product obtained through the method has high type diversity and can be used directly or used for other further reactions. Besides, only organic peroxides and a catalytic amount of inorganic copper salt are used, so that cost is low. According to the method, a reaction is conducted in air, reaction conditions are mild, pollution is small, reaction time is short, the yield of the target product is high, reaction operation and aftertreatment are easy, and the method is suitable for industrial production.
- -
-
Paragraph 0021
(2016/10/08)
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- Variations in the blaise reaction: Conceptually new synthesis of 3-amino enones and 1,3-diketones
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Organic compounds with 3-amino enone or 1,3-diketone functional groups are extremely important, as they can be converted into a plethora of heterocyclic or carbocyclic compounds, or can be used as ligands in metal complexes. We have achieved a new, easy, straightforward and convenient synthesis of 3-amino enones and 1,3-diketones starting from aryl/heteroaryl/alkyl nitriles and 1-aryl/alkyl 2-bromoethanones. The reaction is a variation of the classical Blaise reaction, and it works with zinc and trimethylsilyl chloride as an activator. By running the hydrolysis of the reaction intermediate with HCl (3 N aq.) at 0-30 °C or at 100 °C, it is possible to form either 3-amino enones or 1,3-diketones, respectively. The newly developed method was used for the synthesis of avobenzone, an ingredient of sun-screen lotions. Furthermore, an easy synthesis of (Z)-3-amino-1-[4-(tertbutyl) phenyl]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one, with UV/Vis absorption characteristics similar to those of avobenzone, was also achieved.
- Rao, H. Surya Prakash,Muthanna, Nandurka
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supporting information
p. 1525 - 1532
(2015/03/04)
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- Oxidative umpolung ?±-alkylation of ketones
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We disclose a hypervalent iodine mediated ?±-alkylative umpolung reaction of carbonyl compounds with dialkylzinc as the alkyl source. The reaction is applicable to all common classes of ketones including 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and regular ketones via their lithium enolates. The ?±-alkylated carbonyl products are formed in up to 93% yield. An ionic mechanism is inferred based on meticulous analysis, NMR studies, trapping and crossover experiments, and computational studies.
- Shneider, O. Svetlana,Pisarevsky, Evgeni,Fristrup, Peter,Szpilman, Alex M.
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supporting information
p. 282 - 285
(2015/03/05)
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- Pd-catalyzed carbonylative α-arylation of aryl bromides: Scope and mechanistic studies
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Reaction conditions for the three-component synthesis of aryl 1,3-diketones are reported applying the palladium-catalyzed carbonylative α-arylation of ketones with aryl bromides. The optimal conditions were found by using a catalytic system derived from [Pd(dba)2] (dba=dibenzylideneacetone) as the palladium source and 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (DPPP) as the bidentate ligand. These transformations were run in the two-chamber reactor, COware, applying only 1.5 equivalents of carbon monoxide generated from the CO-releasing compound, 9-methylfluorene-9-carbonyl chloride (COgen). The methodology proved adaptable to a wide variety of aryl and heteroaryl bromides leading to a diverse range of aryl 1,3-diketones. A mechanistic investigation of this transformation relying on 31P and 13C NMR spectroscopy was undertaken to determine the possible catalytic pathway. Our results revealed that the combination of [Pd(dba)2] and DPPP was only reactive towards 4-bromoanisole in the presence of the sodium enolate of propiophenone suggesting that a [Pd(dppp)(enolate)] anion was initially generated before the oxidative-addition step. Subsequent CO insertion into an [Pd(Ar)(dppp)(enolate)] species provided the 1,3-diketone. These results indicate that a catalytic cycle, different from the classical carbonylation mechanism proposed by Heck, is operating. To investigate the effect of the dba ligand, the Pd0 precursor, [Pd(η3-1-PhC 3H4)(η5-C5H5)], was examined. In the presence of DPPP, and in contrast to [Pd(dba)2], its oxidative addition with 4-bromoanisole occurred smoothly providing the [PdBr(Ar)(dppp)] complex. After treatment with CO, the acyl complex [Pd(CO)Br(Ar)(dppp)] was generated, however, its treatment with the sodium enolate led exclusively to the acylated enol in high yield. Nevertheless, the carbonylative α-arylation of 4-bromoanisole with either catalytic or stoichiometric [Pd(η3-1-PhC3H4) (η5-C5H5)] over a short reaction time, led to the 1,3-diketone product. Because none of the acylated enol was detected, this implied that a similar mechanistic pathway is operating as that observed for the same transformation with [Pd(dba)2] as the Pd source. CO-operation is the key! The first palladium-catalyzed carbonylative α-arylation of aryl bromides is described. A wide array of different aryl 1,3-diketones can be isolated in good-to-excellent yields using only stoichiometric amounts of CO (see scheme). A mechanistic study is presented that suggests the need for enolate coordination prior to oxidative addition when [Pd(dba)2] is employed as the precatalyst. Copyright
- Nielsen, Dennis U.,Lescot, Camille,Gogsig, Thomas M.,Lindhardt, Anders T.,Skrydstrup, Troels
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supporting information
p. 17926 - 17938
(2014/01/17)
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- Hit-to-lead optimization of 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-thiazole derivatives as a novel class of EP1 receptor antagonists
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We describe a medicinal chemistry approach to generate a series of 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)thiazole compounds that act as selective EP1 receptor antagonists. The obtained results suggest that compound 12 provides the best EP1 receptor ant
- Atobe, Masakazu,Naganuma, Kenji,Kawanishi, Masashi,Morimoto, Akifumi,Kasahara, Ken-Ichi,Ohashi, Shigeki,Suzuki, Hiroko,Hayashi, Takahiko,Miyoshi, Shiro
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p. 6064 - 6067
(2013/11/06)
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- Regioselectivity switch: Gold(I)-catalyzed oxidative rearrangement of propargyl alcohols to 1,3-diketones
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The gold(I)-catalyzed oxidative rearrangement of propargyl alcohols provides an efficient and selective route to 1,3-diketones under mild conditions. Pyridine-N-oxides were used as external oxidants with, different from related substrates, no alkylidenecycloalkanones or oxetan-3-ones formed as side-products.
- Hashmi, A. Stephen K.,Wang, Tao,Shi, Shuai,Rudolph, Matthias
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p. 7761 - 7767
(2012/11/07)
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- Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative α-arylation for accessing 1,3-diketones
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With a hint of CO: The first Pd-catalyzed carbonylative α-arylations of simple ketones with carbon monoxide is presented for the direct synthesis of 1,3-diketones (see scheme). The method uses only stoichiometric amounts of CO, and hence allows for the si
- Gogsig, Thomas M.,Taaning, Rolf H.,Lindhardt, Anders T.,Skrydstrup, Troels
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 798 - 801
(2012/03/09)
-
- High-yielding oxidation of β-hydroxyketones to β-diketones using o-Iodoxybenzoic acid
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The oxidation of β-hydroxyketones to β-diketones was systematically investigated. o-Iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) was found to be efficient, operationally easy, and superior to other common oxidants. The reaction is suitable for milligram- to gram-scale oxidations.
- Bartlett, Samuel L.,Beaudry, Christopher M.
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experimental part
p. 9852 - 9855
(2012/01/02)
-
- Iodine-mediated synthesis of 3 H -indoles via intramolecular cyclization of enamines
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(Figure presented) The synthesis of 3H-indoles was achieved via the iodine-mediated intramolecular cyclization of enamines. A wide variety of 3H-indole derivatives bearing multifunctional groups were obtained in good to high yields under transition metal-free reaction conditions.
- He, Zhiheng,Li, Huanrong,Li, Zhiping
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 4636 - 4639
(2010/09/15)
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- Copper-catalyzed oxidative coupling of benzylic C-H bonds with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A copper-catalyzed oxidative coupling of benzylic C-H bonds with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds is described. The reaction utilizes an inexpensive copper catalyst-oxidant system that is suitable for the coupling of a range of benzylic C-H bonds with various 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Kinetic isotope studies support a mechanism involving a benzylic hydrogen abstraction.
- Borduas, Nadine,Powell, David A.
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p. 7822 - 7825
(2008/12/22)
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- The preparation and reaction of enolates within micro reactors
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Over the past 5 years, interest in the miniaturisation of chemical synthesis has grown rapidly, however in order to facilitate transfer of the technology from its current position as a research tool to industrial applications, a core understanding of the challenges associated with transferring reactions from the macro to the micro domain is required. This paper therefore aims to broach this problem by investigating the application of micro reactors to a range of commonly employed synthetic reactions including acylation, aldol, alkylation, 1,4-conjugate addition (Michael addition) and the Knoevenagel condensation. Comparison of the results obtained with traditional batch techniques enable us to highlight some of the advantages associated with micro reaction technology.
- Wiles, Charlotte,Watts, Paul,Haswell, Stephen J.,Pombo-Villar, Esteban
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p. 10757 - 10773
(2007/10/03)
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- Free radical ring expansion and chain extension of 1,3-diketones
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Free radical-promoted one carbon ring expansion and chain extension of 1,3-diketones including 1,3-diarylpropane-1,3-diones and 2-aroyl-3,4-dihydro-2H- naphalen-1-one to generate corresponding 1,4-diketones are described.
- Mu, Xue-Jun,Zou, Jian-Ping,Wang, Zhi-Tao,Zhang, Wei
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p. 4727 - 4729
(2007/10/03)
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- Enantioselective borohydride reduction catalyzed by optically active cobalt complexes
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The highly enantioselective borohydride reduction of aromatic ketones or imines to the corresponding alcohols was developed in the presence of a catalytic amount of an optically active cobalt(II) complex catalyst. This enantioselective reduction is carried out using a precisely premodified borohydride with alcohols such as tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, ethanol and methanol. High optical yields are obtained by choosing the appropriate alcohol as modifiers and a suitable β-ketoiminato ligand of the catalyst. The enantioselective borohydride reduction has been successfully applied to the preparation of optically active 1,3-diols, the stereoselective reduction of diacylferrocenes, and dynamic and/or kinetic resolution of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
- Yamada, Tohru,Nagata, Takushi,Sugi, Kiyoaki D.,Yorozu, Kiyotaka,Ikeno, Taketo,Ohtsuka, Yuhki,Miyazaki, Daichi,Mukaiyama, Teruaki
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p. 4485 - 4509
(2007/10/03)
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- The regioselective preparation of 1,3-diketones
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The regioselectivity of the acylation of Li enolates and silyl enol ethers is reported using acyl halides and acyl cyanides. We illustrate a simple method for the preparation of 1,3-diketones via the silyl enol ether in excellent yields, free from competing O-acylation and diacylation products.
- Wiles, Charlotte,Watts, Paul,Haswell, Stephen J.,Pombo-Villar, Esteban
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p. 2945 - 2948
(2007/10/03)
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- The regioselective preparation of 1,3-diketones within a micro reactor
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We demonstrate a simple method for the regioselective preparation of 1,3-diketones within a micro reactor from silyl enol ethers where the products are free from both competing O-acylation and diacylation products.
- Wiles, Charlotte,Watts, Paul,Haswell, Stephen J.,Pombo-Villar, Esteban
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p. 1034 - 1035
(2007/10/03)
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- One-step synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted-2-pyridylpyrroles from the condensation of 1,3-diones and 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine
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Equation Presented 3,5-Disubstituted-and 3,4,5-trisubstituted-2-(2-pyridyl)pyrroles may be synthesized efficiently from the novel condensation of 2-(aminomethyl)-pyridine and 1,3-diones. The cyclization reaction was found to proceed through the intermedia
- Klappa, Jamie J.,Rich, Autumn E.,McNeill, Kristopher
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p. 435 - 437
(2007/10/03)
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- Concurrent Induction of Two Chiral Centers from Symmetrical 3,4-Disubstituted and 3,3,4-Trisubstituted 4-Pentenals Using Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyclizations
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Asymmetric cyclization of symmetrical 3,4-disubstituted and 3,3,4-trisubstituted 4-pentenals was studied using Rh-complexes with chiral ligands. The cyclization of symmetrical 4-pentenals 4a,b by a neutral Rh[(R)-BINAP]Cl afforded cis-3,4-disubstituted (4R)-cyclopentanones 9a,b of >95% ee in 25-31% yields; on the other hand, the cyclization of 4a-c by a cationic Rh[(R)-BINAP]ClO4 afforded trans-3,4-disubstituted (4S)-cyclopentanones 10a-c of >95% ee in 70-81% yields. All stereoisomers could be stereoselectively made by the selection of a neutral or cationic Rh-complex, and (R)- or (S)-BINAP ligand. The Rh-catalyzed cyclization could be applied to the construction of cyclopentanones 17 and 18 bearing a chiral quaternary carbon. The cyclization by the cationic Rh[(R)-BINAP]ClO4 afforded the optically active trans-3,3,4-trisubstituted cyclopentanones 18a-c of 92-95% ee in 75-83% yields. The catalytic cycle was also studied by using deuterium aldehyde, and the tentative mechanisms of the enantio- and diastereoselection were proposed.
- Tanaka, Masakazu,Imai, Masanori,Fujio, Masakazu,Sakamoto, Eishi,Takahashi, Miyuki,Eto-Kato, Yasuko,Wu, Xiao Ming,Funakoshi, Kazuhisa,Sakai, Kiyoshi,Suemune, Hiroshi
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p. 5806 - 5816
(2007/10/03)
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- Selective α-Mono- and α,α-Dialkylations of 1,3-Diketones Using Solid Base Prepared from Sodium Ethoxide and Alumina
-
The alkylation of 1,3-diketones with alkyl halides using a solid base prepared from sodium ethoxide and alumina was carried out.The amount of 0.4 mol of sodium ethoxide on 50 g of alumina showed by best reactivity for alkylation.Selective mono- and dialky
- Yoshihara, Nobutoshi,Kitagawa, Teruhiro,Ihara, Ikuko,Hasegawa, Sadao,Hasegawa, Tadashi
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p. 1185 - 1187
(2007/10/02)
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- Photoreactivity of 4-nucleophile-substituted isoxazoles
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The photoreactivity of 1a-1c under steady-state irradiation has been examined and the photoproducts characterized.Several heterocycloes were obtained: 1a gave the pyrrazolines 6 and 7 and the triazine 8; 1b yielded the azetidine 9 and the imidazole 10; 1c gave the imidazole 10, the piperazine 15, the aziridine 16 and the pyrazole 19.In addition, open-chain products were obtained, i.e., the methylaminovinyl ketone 12 from 1b and the enaminones 17 and 18 from 1c.While the formation of most of the products can be explained via the expected intermediate ketenimines, azirines and nitrile ylides, new pathways are involved in the formation of the isoxazole 13 and the pyrazole 19 from 1c
- Donati, Donato,Fusi, Stefania,Ponticelli, Fabio
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p. 329 - 334
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthesis of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds by the Oxidation of 3-Hydroxycarbonyl Compounds with Corey-Kim Reagent
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A new method for the preparation of various 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds is described.Oxidation of 3-hydroxycarbonyl compounds without substituent at C-2 position by the Corey-Kim reagent (N-chlorosuccinimide-dimethyl sulfide) afforded the stable dimethylsulfonium methylides, which on reductive desulfurization by zinc-acetic acid furnished the 1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives.On the other hand, the same treatment of 2-mono-, or 2,2-disubstituted 3-hydroxy-carbonyl compounds gave directly the corresponding 1,3-dicarbonyl analogous, respectively.
- Katayama, Sadamu,Fukuda, Kinue,Watanabe, Toshio,Yamauchi, Masashige
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p. 178 - 183
(2007/10/02)
-
- β-DIKETONE INTERACTIONS Part 4. The structures and properties of 1,3-diphenyl-2-methylpropane-1,3-dione, C16H14O2, and 1,3-diphenyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione, C22H18O3
-
The X-ray crystal structures of 1,3-diphenyl-2-methylpropane-1,3-dione and 1,3-diphenyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione show them both to adopt cis-diketo (Z,Z) conformations with carbonyl-carbonyl dihedral angles of 89.0(3)deg (2-methyl derivative), and 85.5(4)deg and 77.7(4)deg for the two molecules in the asymmetric unit of the 2-(4-methoxyphenyl) derivative.These are the first acyclic β-diketones with an α-hydrogen to be reported which do not have an enol configuration in the solid state.
- Emsley, John,Freeman, Neville J.,Hursthouse, Michael B.,Bates, Paul A.
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p. 181 - 192
(2007/10/02)
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- C-Alkylation and N-Acylation of 4-Amino-1-azabutadiene Derivatives. A Convenient Route to Monoalkylated 1,3-Diketones
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Alkylation of 4-amino-1-azabutadiene derivatives 1 with different alkyl halides followed by acid hydrolysis gives mono-C-alkylated 1,3-diketones 3 in excellent yields.In contrast acylation of 1 occurs at the imine nitrogen.
- Barluenga, Jose,Jardon, Jesus,Gotor, Vicente
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p. 802 - 804
(2007/10/02)
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- Mono-C-methylation of β-Dicarbonyls with Dimethyl Sulphate and Potassium Carbonate
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Methylation of β-dicarbonyls, RCOCH2COR' where R and R' are substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, with dimethyl sulphate and potassium carbonate results in the formation of mono-C-methyl derivatives at the active methylene group.
- Raju, N. Ranga,Murthy, M. Sreerama,Rao, E. Venkata
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p. 258 - 259
(2007/10/02)
-
- A NEW METHOD FOR ACYLATION OF ENOLATES BY MEANS OF DIALKYL ACYLPHOSPHONATES AS ACYLATING AGENTS
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Acylations of various enolates by means of diethyl acylphosphonates were described.For the acylation of acetophenone, lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (LSA) was found to be suitable as the base.The scope and limitation of the benzoylation using diethyl benzoylphosphonates were also described.
- Sekine, Mitsuo,Kume, Akiko,Nakajima, Masashi,Hata, Tsujiaki
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p. 1087 - 1090
(2007/10/02)
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- The Allopolarization Principle and its Applications, IV. Substituent Effects in the Methylation of Enolate Anions
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The ratio of O- and C-methylated products in the reaction of the sodium salts of acetophenones 1, propiophenones 3, phenylacetones 5, β-dicarbonyl compounds 12, α-cyanocarbonyl compounds 13, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and diethylketone with dimethyl sulfate, methyl iodide, and trimethyl phosphate in HMPTA has been determined with regard to the effect of substituents.In some cases the influence of solvents, concentration and temperature has also been studied.
- Gompper, Rudolf,Vogt, Hans-Hubert
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p. 2866 - 2883
(2007/10/02)
-
- The Allopolarization Principle and its Applications, VI. The Alkylation of Enolate Anions: Polarity and Regioselectivity
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The O/C methylation ratio in the reaction of sodium enolates with dimethylsulfate depends on the polar (electronic) effect of substituents.The relative ?-charge density Px/y = lx/ly can be used as a measure for the polarity of ambifunctional anions; in case of enolate anions PO/C = lO/lC.The change of the regioselectivity Sf = log QO/QC in the alkylation of enolates is a function of a change in the polarity PO/C; ΔSf=f(ΔPx/y).The polar effect of substituents influences the charge control during the alkylation process via a change of the polarity of the enolate system: The higher the polarity of the anion, the stronger the charge control and the higher the yield of enol ether (O-alkylation). - Keywords: Alkylation, Enolate Anions
- Gompper, Rudolf,Vogt, Hans-Hubert,Wagner, Hans-Ulrich
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p. 1644 - 1652
(2007/10/02)
-
- Reactivity of 1,3-Diimines. Reaction with Heterocumulenes
-
1,3-Diimines 1 react with isocyanates and isothiocyanates 2 to give, as the major products, different 2-oxo- and 2-thiopyrimidines 9 and 10.The formation of these products can be explained by two different reaction paths that involve an addition reaction followed by an electrocyclic ring closure.The nature of the group R1 in 1 plays a basic role in the result of the process.Open-chain intermediate products 3 have been isolated and characterized for the first time in a cyclization reaction with diimines 1.
- Barluenga, Jose,Rubio, Victor,Gotor, Vicente
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p. 2592 - 2596
(2007/10/02)
-
- Process for preparing ketones
-
Ketones are prepared by reacting an aromatic or heterocyclic aldehyde in the presence of a cyanide ion with an unsaturated compound having the formula (I): STR1 wherein R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and are selected from the group of hydrogen, optionally substituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic and carboxylic acid ester and R4 is nitrile (CN), --CO--R5 or --CO--OR5 wherein R5 is selected from the group of optionally substituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic and R1 and R2 and/or R1 and R3 and/or R2 and R5 or R3 and R5 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached as substituents may also form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring. Ketones prepared according to the process of the invention have the formula: STR2 wherein R1 ' and R3 ' are identical or different and are selected from the group of hydrogen, lower alkyl having up to 3 C-atoms and optionally substituted phenyl; and R6 ' is optionally substituted phenyl or a pyridyl.
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