- Design, synthesis and anticancer evaluation of 3-methyl-1H-indazole derivatives as novel selective bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitors
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Bromodomain-containing Protein 4 (BRD4), an ‘epigenetic reader’, regulates chromatin structure and gene expression via recognizing and binding acetylated lysine in histones. BRD4 has become a therapeutic target for cancers because it promotes the expression of the tumor genes, such as c-Myc, NF-κB, and Bcl-2. In this study, a new series of 3-methyl-1H-indazole derivatives were designed via virtual screening and structure-based optimization. All compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities to BRD4-BD1 and their antiproliferative effects in cancer cell lines. Among them, several compounds (such as 9d, 9u and 9w) exhibited strong BRD4-BD1 affinities and inhibition activities, and potently suppressed MV4;11 cancer cell line proliferation. Among them, compound 9d showed excellent selectivity for BRD4 and effectively suppressed c-Myc, the downstream protein of BRD4. This study provided new lead compounds for further biological evaluation on BRD4.
- Dong, Ru,Zhang, Cheng,Wang, Chao,Zhou, Xin,Li, Wen,Zhang, Jin-Yang,Wang, Min,Xu, Yong,Sun, Li-Ping
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- Isocyanide 2.0
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The isocyanide functionality due to its dichotomy between carbenoid and triple bond characters, with a nucleophilic and electrophilic terminal carbon, exhibits unusual reactivity in organic chemistry exemplified for example in the Ugi reaction. Unfortunately, the over proportional use of only a few isocyanides hampers novel discoveries about the fascinating reactivity of this functional group. The synthesis of a broad range of isocyanides with multiple functional groups is lengthy, inefficient, and exposes the chemist to hazardous fumes. Here we present an innovative isocyanide synthesis overcoming these problems by avoiding the aqueous workup which we exemplify by parallel synthesis from a 0.2 mmol scale performed in 96-well microtiter plates up to a 0.5 mol multigram scale. The advantages of our methodology include an increased synthesis speed, very mild conditions giving access to hitherto unknown or highly reactive classes of isocyanides, rapid access to large numbers of functionalized isocyanides, increased yields, high purity, proven scalability over 5 orders of magnitude, increased safety and less reaction waste resulting in a highly reduced environmental footprint. For example, the hitherto believed to be unstable 2-isocyanopyrimidine, 2-acylphenylisocyanides and even o-isocyanobenzaldehyde could be accessed on a preparative scale and their chemistry was explored. Our new isocyanide synthesis will enable easy access to uncharted isocyanide space and will result in many discoveries about the unusual reactivity of this functional group. This journal is
- Ahmadian-Moghaddam, Maryam,D?mling, Alexander,Patil, Pravin
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supporting information
p. 6902 - 6911
(2020/11/09)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Diarylation of Isocyanides with Tetraarylleads for the Selective Synthesis of Imines and α-Diimines
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Using tetraaryllead compounds (PbAr4) as arylating reagents, isocyanides undergo selective diarylation in the presence of palladium catalysts such as Pd(OAc)2 or Pd(PPh3)4 to afford imines and/or α-diimines based on the isocyanide employed. With aliphatic isocyanides, imines are obtained preferentially, whereas α-diimines are formed in the case of electron-rich aromatic isocyanides. The differences in imine/α-diimine selectivity can be attributed to the stability of imidoylpalladium intermediates formed in this catalytic reaction. Compared with other arylating reagents, tetraaryllead compounds are excellent candidates for use in the selective transformations to imines and/or α-diimines, especially in terms of inhibiting the oligomerization of isocyanides, which results in a lower product selectivity in many transition-metal-catalyzed reactions of isocyanides.
- Tran, Cong Chi,Kawaguchi, Shin-Ichi,Kobiki, Yohsuke,Matsubara, Hitomi,Tran, Dat Phuc,Kodama, Shintaro,Nomoto, Akihiro,Ogawa, Akiya
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p. 11741 - 11751
(2019/10/02)
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- Visible-light-induced radical cascade cyclization of oxime esters and aryl isonitriles: Synthesis of cyclopenta[: B] quinoxalines
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A visible-light-induced radical cascade cyclization of aryl isonitriles and cyclobutanone oxime esters for the synthesis of cyclopenta[b]quinoxalines has been accomplished for the first time. The key to the success of this process was the integration of the in situ-formed nitrile radical followed by the cascade radical isonitrile/nitrile insertion-cyclization. The easy introduction of substituents for both substrates and the high functional group tolerance of the reaction make it an efficient strategy to give various quinoxaline derivatives in moderate to good yields.
- Yuan, Yao,Dong, Wu-Heng,Gao, Xiao-Shuang,Xie, Xiao-Min,Zhang, Zhao-Guo
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p. 11900 - 11903
(2019/10/11)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of N -Sulfonyl, N -Phosphoryl, and N -Acyl Guanidines
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An efficient palladium-catalyzed cascade reaction of azides with isonitrile and amines is presented; it offers an alternative facile approach toward N -sulfonyl-, N -phosphoryl-, and N -acyl-functionalized guanidines in excellent yield. These series of substituted guanidines exhibit potential biological and pharmacological activities. In addition, the less reactive intermediate benzoyl carbodiimide could be isolated by silica gel column flash chromatography in moderate yield.
- Qiao, Guanyu,Zhang, Zhen,Huang, Baoliang,Zhu, Liu,Xiao, Fan,Zhang, Zhenhua
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p. 330 - 340
(2018/01/12)
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- Dramatically Enhanced Solubility of Halide-Containing Organometallic Species in Diiodomethane: The Role of Solvent???Complex Halogen Bonding
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In the current study, we evaluated the solubility of a number of organometallic species and showed that it is noticeably improved in diiodomethane when compared to other haloalkane solvents. The better solvation properties of CH2I2 w
- Kinzhalov, Mikhail A.,Kashina, Mariya V.,Mikherdov, Alexander S.,Mozheeva, Ekaterina A.,Novikov, Alexander S.,Smirnov, Andrey S.,Ivanov, Daniil M.,Kryukova, Mariya A.,Ivanov, Aleksandr Yu.,Smirnov, Sergej N.,Kukushkin, Vadim Yu.,Luzyanin, Konstantin V.
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p. 12785 - 12789
(2018/09/11)
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- Visible-Light-Induced Radical Cascade Cyclization: Synthesis of the ABCD Ring Cores of Camptothecins
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A new strategy for constructing indolizino[1,2-b]quinolin-9(11H)-ones (ring cores of camptothecins) from readily available isocyanoarenes and N-(alkyl-2-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-ones has been developed through a visible-light-induced radical cascade cyclization process. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions with fair to excellent yields. The easy introduction of substituents for both reactants and the broad functional group tolerance of the reaction make it a straightforward route to the cores of the marketed camptothecins and their derivatives.
- Yuan, Yao,Dong, Wuheng,Gao, Xiaoshuang,Gao, Huang,Xie, Xiaomin,Zhang, Zhaoguo
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p. 2840 - 2846
(2018/03/09)
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- TEMPO-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Selenium Insertion Reaction: Synthesis of 3-Selenylindole Derivatives by Multicomponent Reaction of Isocyanides, Selenium Powder, Amines, and Indoles under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions
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A novel and efficient approach for the selenium functionalization of indoles was developed with selenium powder as the selenium source, catalyzed by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxy (TEMPO) and employing O2 as the green oxidant. This protocol provides a practical route for the synthesis of 3-selenylindole derivatives and has the advantages of readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, and a wide scope of substrates. Electron spin-resonance (ESR) studies reveal that the approach involves the formation of nitrogen-centered radicals and selenium radicals via oxidation of in situ generated selenoates.
- Liu, Huan,Fang, Yi,Wang, Shun-Yi,Ji, Shun-Jun
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supporting information
p. 930 - 933
(2018/02/22)
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- Rational design and synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles as potent inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction
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Using the computational pharmacophore-based ANCHOR.QUERY platform a new scaffold was discovered. Potent compounds evolved inhibiting the protein-protein interaction p53-MDM2. An extensive SAR study was performed based on our four-point pharmacophore model
- Surmiak, Ewa,Neochoritis, Constantinos G.,Musielak, Bogdan,Twarda-Clapa, Aleksandra,Kurpiewska, Katarzyna,Dubin, Grzegorz,Camacho, Carlos,Holak, Tad A.,D?mling, Alexander
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p. 384 - 407
(2016/12/22)
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- Development of an Industrial Process Based on the Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé Multicomponent Reaction: Efficient Preparation- of 3-Aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines
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3-Aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine is an important scaffold that is found in many drugs. This scaffold is rapidly accessible through a Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé cyclisation starting from an aminopyrazine, an aldehyde and an isocyanide. A scale-up process of this multicomponent reaction has been achieved in high yield and with excellent purity. The scope and limitations of this process leading to various 3-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines are disclosed.
- Baenziger, Markus,Durantie, Estelle,Mathes, Christian
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p. 2266 - 2274
(2017/05/05)
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- Silver-Catalyzed Chemoselective [4+2] Annulation of Two Isocyanides: A General Route to Pyridone-Fused Carbo- and Heterocycles
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A silver-catalyzed chemoselective [4+2] annulation of aryl and heteroaryl isocyanides with α-substituted isocyanoacetamides was developed for the facile and efficient synthesis of 2-aminoquinolones, naphthyridines, and phenanthrolines. A mechanism for this multistep domino reaction is proposed on the basis of a13C-labeling experiment, according to which an unprecedented chemoselective heterodimerization of two different isocyanides generates an α-amidoketenimine intermediate, which undergoes 1,3-amino migration to form an α-imidoylketene, followed by 6 π electrocyclization.
- Hu, Zhongyan,Dong, Jinhuan,Men, Yang,Lin, Zhichen,Cai, Jinxiong,Xu, Xianxiu
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supporting information
p. 1805 - 1809
(2017/02/05)
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- Cobalt(II)-Catalyzed Isocyanide Insertion Reaction with Sulfonyl Azides in Alcohols: Synthesis of Sulfonyl Isoureas
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A Co(II)-catalyzed isocyanide insertion reaction with sulfonyl azides in alcohols to form sulfonyl isoureas via nitrene intermediate has been developed. This protocol provides a new, environmentally friendly, and simple strategy for the synthesis of sulfonyl isourea derivatives by employing a range of substrates under mild conditions.
- Jiang, Tian,Gu, Zheng-Yang,Yin, Ling,Wang, Shun-Yi,Ji, Shun-Jun
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supporting information
p. 7913 - 7919
(2017/08/14)
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- Revisited Mechanistic Implications of the Joullié-Ugi Three-Component Reaction
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The effect of the solvent on the diastereoselectivity of the Joullié-Ugi three-component reaction (JU-3CR) using an α-substituted five-membered cyclic imine is revisited. The cis and trans isomers were generated in toluene and HFIP, respectively. Hammett
- Katsuyama, Akira,Matsuda, Akira,Ichikawa, Satoshi
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supporting information
p. 2552 - 2555
(2016/07/06)
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- Synthesis of isonitriles from N-substituted formamides using triphenylphosphine and iodine
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Treatment of N-substituted formamides with the reagent combination of triphenylphosphine and molecular iodine, in the presence of a tertiary amine, quickly produces the corresponding isocyanides in high yields under ambient conditions. The process employs readily available and low-cost reagents, a convenient synthetic procedure, and mild reaction conditions for the synthesis of various alkyl and aryl isocyanides.
- Wang, Xia,Wang, Qing-Gang,Luo, Qun-Li
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- C-F Activation in Perfluorinated Arenes with Isonitriles under UV-Light Irradiation
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Due to the great value of fluorinated arenes in agrochemistry, medicinal chemistry and materials science, development of methods for preparation of fluorinated arenes is of high importance. They can be either accessed by arene fluorination or by partial arene defluorination. However, the carbon-fluorine bond belongs to the strongest σ-bonds, which renders C-F activation highly challenging. Here it is shown that aryl and alkyl isonitriles efficiently activate the strong C-F bond in perfluoroarenes by simple UV irradiation under mild conditions. Reactions proceed by formal direct insertion of the isonitrile into the C-F bond without any transition metal. Activation occurs at arene C-F bonds whereas aliphatic C-F bonds remain unreacted. For selected perfluoroarenes C-F activation occurs with high regioselectivity and resulting imidoyl fluorides are transformed into other valuable compounds. Theoretical studies give insights into the reaction mechanism.
- Dewanji, Abhishek,Mück-Lichtenfeld, Christian,Bergander, Klaus,Daniliuc, Constantin G.,Studer, Armido
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supporting information
p. 12295 - 12298
(2015/08/25)
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- 2-Aminopyridines via reaction of pyridine N-oxides and activated isocyanides
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A practical and efficient method for the synthesis of substituted 2-aminopyridines from pyridine N-oxides is reported. Yields of purified, isolated products of up to 84% are observed for the one-pot, two-step process. The reaction involves an in situ depr
- Vamos, Mitchell,Cosford, Nicholas D. P.
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p. 2274 - 2280
(2014/04/03)
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- Novel ultrasound-promoted parallel synthesis of trifluoroatrolactamide library via a one-pot passerini/hydrolysis reaction sequence and their fungicidal activities
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An ultrasound-promoted one-pot Passerini/hydrolysis reaction sequence has been developed for the synthesis of trifluoroatrolactamide derivatives using a diverse range of trifluoroacetophenones and isonitriles in acetic acid. Parallel synthesis in a centrifuge tube using a noncontact ultrasonic cell crusher was used in this study as an efficient method for the rapid generation of combinatorial trifluoroatrolactamide libraries, and subsequent biochemical evaluation of the resulting compounds indicated that they possessed excellent broad-spectrum fungicidal activities. N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-ethylphenyl)-3,3, 3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropanamide and N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2- hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)propanamide, in particular, showed significant fungicidal activities against all of the fungal species tested in the current study.
- Yu, Shu-Jing,Zhu, Cong,Bian, Qiang,Cui, Can,Du, Xiu-Jiang,Li, Zheng-Ming,Zhao, Wei-Guang
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supporting information
p. 17 - 23
(2014/02/14)
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- A general simple methodology for synthesis of isonitriles using benzene-1,3-disulfonyl dichloride
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Isonitrile derivatives have been synthesized in good to high yields by dehydration of aliphatic and aromatic formamides in the presence of benzene-1,3-disulfonyl dichloride as easy and efficient reagent.
- Ghorbani-Vaghei, Ramin,Amiri, Mostafa,Veisi, Hojat
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- On the reaction of carboxylic acids and isonitriles with conventional heating
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Control over the formation of N-formylamides versus the formation of captodative alkenes from the reaction of arylacetic acids with isonitriles has been achieved. Low temperatures and high concentrations favor alkenes, and high temperatures and low concen
- Polisar, Jason G.,Norton, Jack R.
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supporting information
p. 10236 - 10240,5
(2020/09/02)
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- Syntheses of spirocyclic oxindole-butenolides by using three-component cycloadditions of isocyanides, allenoates, and isatins
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Spiro workflow! Efficient syntheses of spirocyclic oxindole-butenolides from readily available isocyanides, allenoates, and isatins are disclosed (see scheme; R1=alkyl, aryl; R2=halide, nitro, methoxy; PG=protecting group). This protocol also allows the insertion of carbon monoxide into organic molecules without the aid of a transition-metal catalyst after the hydrolysis process. Copyright
- Li, Jian,Liu, Yuejin,Li, Chunju,Jia, Xueshun
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p. 7409 - 7413
(2011/08/05)
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- Oxidation of arylthiourea by cetyltrimethylammonium dichromate
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With a view to investigate the oxidation behaviors of cetyltrimethylammonium dichromate on multifunctional groups, some arylthioureas were subjected to oxidation, both in neutral and in acidic conditions. In neutral conditions, the products were found to be a mixture of corresponding urea and isonitrile. In acidic conditions, the products were corresponding ureas only. A probable mechanism was proposed for the formation of the product, wherein the first step involves coupling of-NH2 and-SH of one molecule to the-NH2 and-SH of another molecule, respectively, which is followed by removal of nitrogen and sulfur. The microwave irradiation resulted in great yield of isonitrile than urea in neutral conditions. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications to view the free supplemental file. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Sahu, Sandhyamayee,Sahoo, Prangya Rani,Patel, Sabita,Mishra
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experimental part
p. 3268 - 3273
(2010/12/24)
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- Synthesis and pesticidal properties of thio and seleno analogs of some common urea herbicides
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Thio and seleno analogs of fenuron, isoproturon, chlorotoluron, metoxuron, monuron, and diuron were synthesized from the corresponding aryl amines. Their reaction with thiophosgene leads to isothiocyanates. Aryl amines were also converted (via isocyanides) to isoselenocyanates. The reaction of both isothio- and isoselenocyanates with dimethylamine affords the corresponding thio and seleno analogs of the above-mentioned urea herbicides. Herbicidal activity of the synthesized compounds was slightly lower than the activity of the parent urea herbicides. The thio and seleno analogs as well as the parent ureas showed good fungicidal activity at a concentration of 200 ppm against selected fungi.
- Zakrzewski, Jerzy,Krawczyk, Maria
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experimental part
p. 1880 - 1903
(2010/02/28)
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- Chemospecific allylation and domino metathesis of 7-oxanorbornenes for skeletal and appendage diversity
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We report a synthetic strategy for skeletally diverse heterocycles featuring appendage diversity based on a tandem Ugi/ Diels-Alder reaction followed by domino metathesis. An associating effect of the amide carbonyl functionality to the ruthenium metal ce
- Ikoma, Minoru,Oikawa, Masato,Sasaki, Makoto
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experimental part
p. 72 - 84
(2009/06/18)
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- Lewis acid-promoted imine synthesis by the insertion of isocyanides into C-H bonds of electron-rich aromatic compounds
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The Lewis acid-promoted insertion of isocyanides into aromatic C-H bonds is reported. An imine functionality containing an array of N-substituents can be introduced directly into electron-rich aromatics in good yields.
- Tobisu, Mamoru,Yamaguchi, Seiji,Chatani, Naoto
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p. 3351 - 3353
(2008/02/12)
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- Electrochemical generation of alkyl and aryl isocyanides
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An efficient and widely applicable reagent-free method for the synthesis of alkyl and aryl isocyanides has been established. The electrochemical reduction of alkyl and aryl carbonimidoyl dichlorides under constant cathode potential leads to the corresponding isocyanides in almost quantitative yields. The availability of the starting materials, the mildness of the reaction conditions as well as the easy isolation of products are noteworthy, advantageous features of the procedure.
- Guirado, Antonio,Zapata, Andres,Gomez, Jesus L.,Trabalon, Luis,Galvez, Jesus
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p. 9631 - 9640
(2007/10/03)
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- A Convenient and High Yielding Procedure for the Preparation of Isoselenocyanates. Synthesis and Reactivity of O-Alkylselenocarbamates.
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A high yielding one pot procedure for the preparation of isoselenocyanate from the corresponding formamide is reported.Various aromatic and aliphatic primary amines were employed in order to prepare the isoselenocyanates to establish the generality of the procedure.O-Alkylselenocarbamates of various primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols were synthesized and their stability and comparative reactivity were studied.Radical deoxygenation of the selenocarbamate of a secondary and a tertiary alcohol was accomplished under various conditions.
- Barton, Derek H. R.,Parekh, Shyamal I.,Tajbakhsh, Mahmoud,Theodorakis, Emmanouil A.,Tse, Chi-Lam
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p. 639 - 654
(2007/10/02)
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- ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF CARBONIMIDOYL DICHLORIDES. A NEW METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF ISOCYANIDES
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The cathodic reduction of carbonimidoyl dichlorides provides a new, mild and free-reagent method for the preparation of isocyanides in almost quantitative yields.
- Guirado, Antonio,Zapata, Andres,Fenor, Manuel
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p. 4779 - 4782
(2007/10/02)
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- PHOTODECARBOXYLATIVE CHLORINATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS VIA THEIR BENZOPHENONE OXIME ESTERS
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Decarboxylative chlorination of various aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids is performed successfully by the photolysis of their benzophenone oxime esters in carbon tetrachloride and corresponding chloro compounds are prepared in good yields.High selective generation of the certain radical and efficiency of the stable radical precursor, benzophenone oxime ester, afford much advantage for radical chemistry.
- Hasebe, Masato,Tsuchiya, Takashi
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p. 6287 - 6290
(2007/10/02)
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- A new Method for the Reduction of Isocyanates to Isocyanides
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Both diphenyl-t-butylsilyl-lithium and trichlorosilane-triethylamine reduce isocyanates to isocyanides in high yield under mild conditions.
- Baldwin, Jack E.,Bottaro, Jeffrey C.,Riordan, Peter D.,Derome, Andrew E.
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p. 942 - 943
(2007/10/02)
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