- Novel reduction of isothiocyanates to thioformamides with SmI2 and tert-butyl alcohol in the presence of HMPA
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Isocyanates react with SmI2 and tert-butyl alcohol in the presence of HMPA to give thioformamides in excellent yields under mild conditions.
- Park, Heui Sul,Lee, In Sang,Kim, Yong Hae
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Read Online
- A fluorescent target-guided Paal-Knorr reaction
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It has become increasingly apparent that high-diversity chemical reactions play a significant role in the discovery of bioactive small molecules. Here, we describe an expanse of this paradigm, combining a ‘target-guided synthesis’ concept with Paal-Knorr chemistry applied to the preparation of fluorescent ligands for human prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (COX-2).
- Kornienko, Alexander,La Clair, James J.,Maslivetc, Vladimir,Wagh, Sachin B.
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p. 37035 - 37039
(2020/10/19)
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- Evaluation of thioamides, thiolactams and thioureas as hydrogen sulfide (H2S)donors for lowering blood pressure
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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)is a biologically important gaseous molecule that exhibits promising protective effects against a variety of pathological processes. For example, it was recognized as a blood pressure lowering agent. Aligned with the need for easily modifiable platforms for the H2S supply, we report here the preparation and the H2S release kinetics from a series of structurally diversified thioamides, thiolactams and thioureas. Three different thionation methods based on the usage of a phosphorus pentasulfide and Lawesson reagent were applied to prepare the target thioamides and thiolactams. Furthermore, obtained H2S donors were evaluated both in in vivo and in vitro studies. The kinetic parameters of the liberating H2S was determined and compared with NaHS and GYY4137 using two different detection technics i.e.; fluorescence labeling 7-azido-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one and 5,5‘-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid), sulfhydryl probe, also known as the Ellman's reagent. We have proved that the amount of releasing H2S from these compounds is controllable through structural modifications. Finally, the present study shows a hypotensive response to an intravenous administration of the developed donors in the anesthetized rats.
- Zaorska, Ewelina,Hutsch, Tomasz,Gawry?-Kopczyńska, Marta,Ostaszewski, Ryszard,Ufnal, Marcin,Koszelewski, Dominik
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supporting information
(2019/04/29)
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- AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PYRROLE DERIVATIVES
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The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of pyrroles derivatives having hypolipidemic and hypocholesteremic activities. In particular, the invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of 2- ethoxy-3-(4-(2-(2-methyl-5-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethoxy) phenyl)propanoate and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, polymorphs or intermediates thereof. The invention also relates to an improved process for the preparation of mesylate compound (A1).
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Page/Page column 38; 39
(2015/03/28)
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- A PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF PYRROLES HAVING HYPOLIPIDEMIC HYPOCHOLESTEREMIC ACTIVITIES
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The present invention provides pyrroles having hypolipidemic hypocholesteremic activities. The invention provides saroglitazar and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, polymorphs or intermediates thereof. The invention also provides a process for the preparation of saroglitazar. The invention further provides intermediates as well process for preparation thereof.
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Page/Page column 30; 31
(2015/01/06)
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- A class of pyrrole derivatives endowed with analgesic/anti-inflammatory activity
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We report the synthesis and bio-pharmacological evaluation of a class of pyrrole derivatives featuring a small appendage fragment (carbaldehyde, oxime, nitrile) on the central core. Compound 1c proved to be extremely effective in vivo, showing an interesting anti-nociceptic profile that is comparable to reference compounds already marketed, hence representing a great stimulus for a further improvement of this class of molecules.
- Battilocchio, Claudio,Poce, Giovanna,Alfonso, Salvatore,Porretta, Giulio Cesare,Consalvi, Sara,Sautebin, Lidia,Pace, Simona,Rossi, Antonietta,Ghelardini, Carla,Di Cesare Mannelli, Lorenzo,Schenone, Silvia,Giordani, Antonio,Di Francesco, Luigia,Patrignani, Paola,Biava, Mariangela
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p. 3695 - 3701
(2013/07/25)
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- Improving the solubility of a new class of antiinflammatory pharmacodynamic hybrids, that release nitric oxide and inhibit cycloxygenase-2 isoenzyme
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The development of a novel class of pharmacodynamic hybrids that inhibits COX-2 isoform is reported. These molecules display enhanced nitric oxide releasing properties due to the presence of an ionisable moiety. The in vivo analgesic/anti-inflammatory activity was maintained in relation to the parent compounds.
- Biava, Mariangela,Battilocchio, Claudio,Poce, Giovanna,Alfonso, Salvatore,Consalvi, Sara,Porretta, Giulio Cesare,Schenone, Silvia,Calderone, Vincenzo,Martelli, Alma,Testai, Lara,Ghelardini, Carla,Di Cesare Mannelli, Lorenzo,Sautebin, Lidia,Rossi, Antonietta,Giordani, Antonio,Patrignani, Paola,Anzini, Maurizio
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p. 287 - 298
(2013/02/23)
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- Novel analgesic/anti-inflammatory agents: Diarylpyrrole acetic esters endowed with nitric oxide releasing properties
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The design of compounds that are able to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) and to release nitric oxide (NO) should give rise to drugs endowed with an overall safer profile for the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems. Herein we report a new class of pyrrole-derived nitrooxy esters (11a-j), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors endowed with NO releasing properties, with the goal of generating new molecules able to both strongly inhibit this isoform and reduce the related adverse side effects. Taking into account the metabolic conversion of nitrooxy esters into corresponding alcohols, we also studied derivatives 12a-j. All compounds proved to be very potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors; nitrooxy derivatives displayed interesting ex vivo NO-dependent vasorelaxing properties. Compounds 11c, 11d, 12c, and 12d were selected for further in vivo studies that highlited good anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. Finally, two selected compounds (11c and 12c) tested in human whole blood (HWB) assay proved to be preferential inhibitors of COX-2.
- Biava, Mariangela,Porretta, Giulio Cesare,Poce, Giovanna,Battilocchio, Claudio,Alfonso, Salvatore,Rovini, Michele,Valenti, Salvatore,Giorgi, Gianluca,Calderone, Vincenzo,Martelli, Alma,Testai, Lara,Sautebin, Lidia,Rossi, Antonietta,Papa, Giuseppina,Ghelardini, Carla,Di Cesare Mannelli, Lorenzo,Giordani, Antonio,Anzellotti, Paola,Bruno, Annalisa,Patrignani, Paola,Anzini, Maurizio
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experimental part
p. 7759 - 7771
(2012/01/03)
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- Identification of a novel pyrrole derivative endowed with antimycobacterial activity and protection index comparable to that of the current antitubercular drugs streptomycin and rifampin
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A hit optimization procedure based on isosteric and bioisosteric replacement of decorating groups at both the N1 and the C5 phenyl rings of 1,5-diarylpyrroles led to identification of 4-((1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-5- (4-(methylthio)phenyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)methyl)thiomorpholine that is characterized by a very high activity toward both Mycobacterium tuberculosis 103471 and H37Rv strains (MIC values of 0.125 μg/mL), and a safe profile in terms of cytotoxicity (CC50 of >128 μg/mL) and protection index (>1000). Antitubercular activity and protection index of the new compound are comparable to those found for the current antitubercular drugs streptomycin and rifampin.
- Biava, Mariangela,Porretta, Giulio Cesare,Poce, Giovanna,Battilocchio, Claudio,Alfonso, Salvatore,Logu, Alessandro De,Serra, Nadia,Manetti, Fabrizio,Botta, Maurizio
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experimental part
p. 8076 - 8084
(2011/01/13)
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- Novel Ester and acid derivatives of the 1,5-diarylpyrrole Scaffold as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation
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A new generation of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors (coxibs) was developed to circumvent the major side effects of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 inhibitors (stomach ulceration and nephrotoxicity). As a consequence, coxibs are extremely valuable in treating acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. However, the use of coxibs, such as rofecoxib (Vioxx), was discontinued because of the high risk of cardiovascular adverse events. More recent clinical findings highlighted how the cardiovascular toxicity of coxibs could be mitigated by an appropriate COX-1 versus COX-2 selectivity. We previously reported a set of substituted 1,5-diarylpyrrole derivatives, selective for COX-2. Here, we describe the synthesis of new1,5-diarylpyrroles along with their inhibitory effects in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo toward COX isoenzymes and their analgesic activity. Isopropyl-2-methyl-5-[4- (methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-3-acetate (10a), a representative member of the series, was selected for pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies. 2009 American Chemical Society.
- Biava, Mariangela,Porretta, Giulio C.,Poce, Giovanna,Battilocchio, Claudio,Manetti, Fabrizio,Botta, Maurizio,Forli, Stefano,Sautebin, Lidia,Rossi, Antonietta,Pergola, Carlo,Ghelardini, Carla,Galeotti, Nicoletta,Makovec, Francesco,Giordani, Antonio,Anzellotti, Paola,Patrignani, Paola,Anzini, Maurizio
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experimental part
p. 723 - 733
(2010/07/09)
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- Pyrrole compounds as inhibitors of mycrobacteria, synthesis thereof and intermediates thereto
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The present invention relates to a compound having the general formula 3: synthesis, intermediates and uses thereof.
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Page/Page column 11
(2009/04/23)
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- Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. 1,5-diarylpyrrol-3-acetic esters with enhanced inhibitory activity toward cyclooxygenase-2 and improved cyclooxygenase-2/ cyclooxygenase-1 selectivity
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The important role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the pathogenesis of inflammation and side effect limitations of current COX-2 inhibitor drugs illustrates a need for the design of new compounds based on alternative structural templates. We previously reported a set of substituted 1,5-diarylpyrrole derivatives, along with their inhibitory activity toward COX enzymes. Several compounds proved to be highly selective COX-2 inhibitors and their affinity data were rationalized through docking simulations. In this paper, we describe the synthesis of new 1,5-diarylpyrrole derivatives that were assayed for their in vitro inhibitory effects toward COX isozymes. Among them, the ethyl-2-methyl-5-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-[3-fluorophenyl]-1H-pyrrol-3- acetate (1d), which was the most potent and COX-2 selective compound, also showed a very interesting in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, laying the foundations for developing new lead compounds that could be effective agents in the armamentarium for the management of inflammation and pain.
- Biava, Mariangela,Porretta, Giulio Cesare,Poce, Giovanna,Supino, Sibilla,Forli, Stefano,Rovini, Michele,Cappelli, Andrea,Manetti, Fabrizio,Botta, Maurizio,Sautebin, Lidia,Rossi, Antonietta,Pergola, Carlo,Ghelardini, Carla,Vivoli, Elisa,Makovec, Francesco,Anzellotti, Paola,Patrignani, Paola,Anzini, Maurizio
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p. 5403 - 5411
(2008/03/14)
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- 1,5-Diarylpyrrole-3-acetic acids and esters as novel classes of potent and highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors
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A small set of substituted 1,5-diarylpyrrole-3-acetic and -glyoxylic acid derivatives have been synthesized, and their cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibiting properties have been evaluated. Some compounds proved to be highly selective COX-2 inhibitors, and their affinity data have been rationalized through docking simulations in terms of interactions with a crystallographic model of the COX-2 binding site.
- Biava, Mariangela,Porretta, Giulio Cesare,Cappelli, Andrea,Vomero, Salvatore,Manetti, Fabrizio,Botta, Maurizio,Sautebin, Lidia,Rossi, Antonietta,Makovec, Francesco,Anzini, Maurizio
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p. 3428 - 3432
(2007/10/03)
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- SUBSTITUTED PYRROLYL COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATION
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A class of pyrrolyl derivatives is described for use in treating inflammation and inflammation-related disorders. Compounds of particular interest are defined by Formula I wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as described in the specification.
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Page/Page column 9
(2008/06/13)
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- 1,2-Diarylpyrroles as potent and selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase- 2
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Series of 1,2-diarylpyrroles has been synthesized and found to contain very potent and selective inhibitors of the human cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. The paper describes short and practical syntheses of the target molecules utilizing the Paal-Knorr reaction. Electrophilic substitution on 1 proceeds in a regioselective fashion, and the method was used to generate a number of tetrasubstituted pyrroles. Detailed SAR on the series has been studied by modifications of the aryl rings and the substituents in the pyrrole ring. Diarylpyrrole 1 is a very potent (COX-2, IC50 = 60 nm) and selective (COX-1/COX-2 = > 1700) inhibitor whereas the isomeric 2 is completely inactive against COX-2. Modifications of the substituents on the fluorophenyl ring in 1 yields very potent inhibitors of COX-2 (IC50 = 40- 80 nm) with excellent selectivity(1200 to >2500) vs COX-1, Analog 20 containing a sulfonamide group is an excellent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 of 14 nm. Tetrasubstituted pyrroles containing groups such as COCF3, SO2CF3, or CH2OAr at position 3 in the pyrrole ring give excellent inhibitors (COX-2, IC50 = 30-120 nm). In vivo testing in the carrageenan- induced paw edema model in the rat establishes that the 1,2-diarylpyrroles are orally active antiinflammatory agents. Compound 3 is the most potent inhibitor of edema with an ED50 of 4.7 mpk.
- Khanna, Ish K.,Weier, Richard M.,Yu, Yi,Collins, Paul W.,Miyashiro, Julie M.,Koboldt, Carol M.,Veenhuizen, Amy W.,Currie, Jerry L.,Seibert, Karen,Isakson, Peter C.
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p. 1619 - 1633
(2007/10/03)
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- Approaches to Chemically Modified Enzymes As Synthetic Catalysts
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Attempts to introduce new catalytic activities of potential use in synthetic transformations into enzyme active sites are described.Substitution of the naturally occurring zinc in carboxypeptidase A by several metals known to catalyse hydrogenation was investigated; a new protein characterised as a rhodium carboxypeptidase was isolated but it failed to show activity as a hydrogenation catalyst for the reduction of a series of dehydroamino acid amides.Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase was investigated for its potential to act as an oxygen transferase via Lewis acid catalysis.A series of cyclohexenyl and phenylribosides together with new alkenyl(arenyl)oxymethylenoxyethanols was prepared for evaluation as substrates; in the course of this study, novel neighbouring group participation by the oxygen atom of a chloromethyl ether was observed.Although the binding of potential oxygen acceptors (alkenes and aromatic compounds) and oxygen donors (hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides) was demonstrated, oxygen transfer did not occur with the combinations investigated.In contrast to the failure of the above metalloenzymes to catalyse new reactions, papain modified at the active site sulfhydryl group by thiazolium salts and pyridinium salts was shown to exhibit reactions characteristic of the covalently attached cofactor.Thus the thiazolopapains acted as decarboxylation catalysts for pyruvate and the pyridinopapains could be reduced to dihydropyridines which reduced electrophilic carbonyl substrates with small enantiomeric excess.
- Aitken, David J.,Alijah, Renate,Onyiriuka, Samuel O.,Suckling, Colin J.,Wood, Hamish C. S.,Zhu, Limin
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p. 597 - 608
(2007/10/02)
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