- Analysis of hydrocarbons and ash particles formed from contaminated industrial biowaste under combustion-like conditions
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A concept of multizone combustion of pulp and paper-generated biowaste was investigated. The biowaste was initially fed into the low-temperature region (1250 K) and then subjected to the high-temperature treatment (1770 K), which was followed by sudden quenching in a second lowtemperature zone (1250 K). This type of burning is called the low-high-low temperature process (LHL). It was found that destruction of selected polycyclic aromatic compounds occurred during the LHL process before they were emitted into the atmosphere. The biowaste material underwent dramatic morphological changes, which influenced segregation of metals within ash particles and their leachability. The heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb) were encapsulated and immobilized within the ash particle core surrounded by a compact shell consisting of condensed layers of light nonhazardous metals (Si, Al, Na, K). It seems that the multizone combustion of biowaste may be an attractive and useful way for the clean and efficient disposal of contaminated biowastes.
- Kozinski, Janusz A.,Zheng, Guohui,Uloth, Vic,Gangli, Peter,Hutny, Wes
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- Method for preparing coronene compound from non-cyclic olefin
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The invention relates to a method for preparing a coronene compound from non-cyclic olefin. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: putting a reaction raw material into a reactor, and carrying out contact reaction with a catalyst containing an activated silicon-aluminum molecular sieve to obtain the coronene compound; wherein the reaction raw material comprises non-cyclicolefin. The method is mild in preparation condition, easy to operate and simple in process; the adopted raw material is low in cost and easy to obtain, therefore the method is suitable for large-scale production.
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Paragraph 0077-0085
(2020/10/30)
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- Method for preparing coronene compound by using molecular sieve catalyst
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The invention relates to a method for preparing a coronene compound by using a molecular sieve catalyst. Specifically, the method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps of: (1) activating a molecular sieve catalyst; wherein the molecular sieve catalyst comprises an SAPO molecular sieve catalyst; and (2) carrying out contact reaction on a raw material and the molecular sieve catalyst activated in the step (1) in a reactor to obtain the coronene compound, wherein the raw material comprises an alcohol compound.
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Paragraph 0065-0085
(2020/10/30)
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- ORGANIC COMPOUND, THREE-DIMENSIONAL ORGANIC FRAMEWORK FORMED BY USING ORGANIC COMPOUND, SEPARATION SIEVE AND OPTICAL LAYER, WHICH COMPRISE ORGANIC FRAMEWORK, AND OPTICAL DEVICE COMPRISING OPTICAL LAYER AS OPTICAL AMPLIFICATION LAYER
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An organic compound, a three-dimensional organic structure formed by using the organic compound, a separation sieve and an optical layer having the organic structure, and an optical device having the optical layer as an optical amplification layer are provided. The organic structure includes a plurality of organic molecules self-assembled by non-covalent bonding. Each of the unit organic molecules has an aromatic ring, a first pair of substituents being connected to immediately adjacent positions of substitutable positions of the aromatic ring, and a second pair of substituents being connected to immediately adjacent positions of remaining substitutable positions of the aromatic ring. The unit organic molecules are self-assembled by van der Waals interaction, London dispersion interaction or hydrogen bonding between the first and the second pairs of the substituents and by pi-pi interactions between the aromatic rings.
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Paragraph 0356; 0359; 0360; 0363; 0364
(2019/02/13)
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- Organic compound and 3-dimensional organic framework formed using the same
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Provided is a three-dimensional organic framework. The organic framework comprises a plurality of organic molecules which are self-assembled by non-covalent bonds. Each of the organic molecules comprises: a first pair of substituents which are each bound to an aromatic ring and to immediately adjacent positions among substitutable positions of the aromatic ring; and a second pair of substituents which are each bound to immediately adjacent positions among the rest of the substitutable positions. The organic molecules are self-assembled through Van Der Waals interactions, London dispersion interactions, or hydrogen bonding between the first and second pairs of the substituents, and andpi;-andpi; interactions between the aromatic rings.COPYRIGHT KIPO 2018
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Paragraph 0321; 0326; 0331; 0332
(2018/07/07)
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- 1, 5, 9-trisubstituted coronene compound and synthesis method thereof
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The present invention relates to a 1, 5, 9-trisubstituted coronene compound and a synthesis method thereof. The structural formula of the compound is shown in img file = 'dest _ path _ image 001. TIF 'wi = '109 'he = '108', wherein R represents H, C1-C18 alkyl, phenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-methoxy phenyl, benzyl, cyclohexyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, thiophene, furan and the like. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the easily prepared 1, 5, 9-triamido triphenylene is subjected to diazotization and halogenation reaction to obtain the tri-halogenated triphenylene. After that, the tri-halogenated triphenylene is subjected to Sonogashira reaction with various alkynes to generate atriyne-triphenylene compounds. Finally, through the metal-catalyzed reaction and the cyclization reaction under the effect of an organic base, various 1, 5, 9-trisubstituted coronene compounds, novel in structure, can be obtained. According to the technical scheme of the invention, raw materials are easy for mass preparation. Meanwhile, the synthesis step is relatively short and the operation is convenient. The obtained trisubstituted coronene compound is good in thermal stability and chemical stability, and the trisubstituted coronene emits the relatively strong fluorescence within the range of 420-550 nm according to the fluorescence emission spectrum of the trisubstituted coronene compound. Therefore, the trisubstituted coronene is an excellent fluorescent material for preparing UV ultraviolet charge-coupled devices (UV-CCD) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and has a wide application prospect in the field of electronic materials.
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Paragraph 0058; 0059; 0062; 0063
(2017/05/02)
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- Preparation method of coronene
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The invention discloses a preparation method of coronene. The preparation method comprises the following steps: addition: subjecting 1 equivalent of compound shown in a formula I and 2.2-3.0 equivalent of compound shown in a formula II to addition reaction in the presence of alkali and converting a reaction product to a compound shown in a formula III through hydrolysis; ring closing: subjecting the compound shown in the formula III to ring closing reaction in the presence of acid and converting a reaction product to coronene shown in a formula IV, wherein the formulas I, II, III and IV are shown in the specification. The preparation method has the beneficial effects that the preparation method is simple in process and is easy to operate; the required raw materials are available and are low in costs; the yield is as high as 80-91%; therefore the preparation method is suitable for large-scale production.
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Paragraph 0080; 0081
(2017/04/11)
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- Preparation method of coronene
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The invention discloses a preparation method of coronene. The preparation method comprises the following steps: coupling reaction: subjecting 1 equivalent of compound shown in a formula I and 4.2-5.6 equivalent of compound shown in a formula II to coupling reaction and converting a reaction product to a compound shown in a formula III; ring closing reaction: subjecting the compound shown in the formula III to ring closing reaction in the presence of acid and converting a reaction product to coronene shown in a formula IV, wherein the formulas I, II, III and IV are shown in the specification. The preparation method has the beneficial effects that the preparation method is simple in process and is easy to operate; the required raw materials are available and are low in costs; therefore the preparation method is suitable for large-scale production.
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Paragraph 0053-0056; 0099; 0100
(2016/10/09)
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- Flash-vacuum-pyrolytic reorganization of angular 4phenylene
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Flash vacuum pyrolysis of angular 4phenylene furnishes "biphenylene dimer" on route to coronene.
- Dosa, Peter I.,Gu, Zhenhua,Hager, Dominik,Karney, William L.,Vollhardt, K. Peter C.
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body text
p. 1967 - 1969
(2009/09/06)
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- Organic Silane Compound, Method of Producing the Same, and Organic Thin Film Using the Same
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The present invention provides a highly ordered, crystallized organic thin film superior in electroconductive properties that is resistant to exfoliation, a compound for preparation of the thin film, and a method of producing the same. An organic silane compound, characterized in that a molecule represented by General Formula (I) is substituted with a silyl group. A method of producing the organic silane compound, comprising halogenating a molecule (I) and allowing it to react with a silane derivative. An organic thin film, wherein the organic silane compound molecule is oriented with its silyl group located in the substrate side and the molecule (I) region in the film surface side. (wherein, x1 and x2 are integers satisfying 1≦x1, 1≦x2, and 2≦x1+x2≦8; each of y1 and z1 is independently an integer of 2 to 8; each of y2 and z2 is independently an integer of 0 to 8; and the skeleton may be substituted with a hydrophobic group).
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Page/Page column 6-7
(2009/01/24)
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- Organic compound having functional groups different in elimination reactivity at both terminals, organic thin film, organic device and method of producing the same
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Provided are a single monomolecular film uniform in film thickness and highly ordered in molecule alignment and its multilayer film, an organic compound allowing production of such films at high reproducibility, an organic device superior in electroconductive properties and a method of producing the same. An organic compound represented by Formula: Si(A1)(A2)(A3)-B—Si(A4)(A5)(A6) (A1 to A6 each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group or an alkyl group and satisfy the relationship in elimination reactivity of: A1 to A3>A4 to A6; and B represents a bivalent organic group), an organic thin film using the compound, and an organic device having the thin film; A method of producing an organic thin film and organic device, comprising a step of forming a single monomolecular film by allowing the silyl group having A1 to A3 in the organic compound to react with the substrate surface; a step of removing unreacted organic compounds by using a non-aqueous solvent; and a step of forming an additional monomolecular film of the organic compound by using the unreacted silyl groups present on the film surface side of the monomolecular film obtained as the sites for adsorption reaction.
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- Emission factors for carbonaceous particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from residential coal combustion in China
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Emission factors of carbonaceous particles, including black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined for five coals, which ranged in maturity from sub-bituminous to anthracite. They were burned in the form of honeycomb briquettes in a residential coalstove, one of the most common fuel/stove combinations in China. Smoke samples were taken through dilution sampling equipment, with a high volume sampler that could simultaneously collect emissions in both particulate and gaseous phases, and a cascade impactor that could segregate particles into six fractions. Particulate BC and OC were analyzed by a thermal-optical method, and PAHs in emissions of both phases were analyzed by GC-MS. Burning of bituminous coals produced the highest emission factors of particulate matter (12.91 g/kg), BC (0.28 g/kg), OC (7.82 g/kg), and 20 PAHs (210.6 mg/kg) on the basis of burned dry ash-free (daf) coal, while the anthracite honeycomb-briquette was the cleanest household coal fuel. The size-segregated results show that more than 94% of the particles were submicron, and calculated mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) of all particles were under 0.3 μm. Based on the coal consumption in the residential sector of China, 290.24 Gg (gigagrams) of particulate matter, 5.36 Gg of BC, 170.33 Gg of OC, and 4.72 Gg of 20 PAHs mass were emitted annually from household honeycomb-briquette burning during 2000. Anthracite coal should be selected preferentially and more advanced burning conditions should be applied in domestic combustion, from the viewpoint of both climate change and adverse health effects.
- Chen, Yingjun,Sheng, Guoying,Bi, Xinhui,Feng, Yanli,Mai, Bixian,Fu, Jiamo
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p. 1861 - 1867
(2008/12/21)
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- Short and efficient synthesis of coronene derivatives via ruthenium-catalyzed benzannulation protocol
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TpRuPPh3(CH3CN)2PF6 (3 mol %) was very active in catalytic benzannulation of 1-phenyl-2-ethynylbenzenes in dichloroethane (60 °C, 36 h) to afford phenanthrene in 95% yield. This method is applicable to the synthesis of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via two- and four-fold benzannulations, including various substituted coronene derivatives (53-86% yields) using this catalyst at a moderate loading (10 mol %).
- Shen, Hung-Chin,Tang, Jhih-Meng,Chang, Hsu-Kai,Yang, Chia-Wei,Liu, Rai-Shung
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p. 10113 - 10116
(2007/10/03)
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- Elaboration of Diaryl Ketones into Naphthalenes Fused on Two or Four Sides: A Naphthoannulation Procedure
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Transition metal-catalyzed double ring closures of 1,1-diaryl-2,2- diethynylethylenes yield polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocycles that contain a newly formed naphthalene ring system embedded in a larger polycyclic network. The diynes required for this procedure are readily synthesized from diaryl ketones by the Corey-Fuchs olefination and subsequent Sonogashira coupling with trimethylsilylacetylene followed by desilylation. This procedure provides easy access to new compounds such as 3,11-di-tert-butyl[4]helicene and 1,8,9-perinaphthothioxanthene. Double naphthoannulation of 9,10-anthraquinone by this procedure closes four new benzene rings in a single operation to give coronene, although the yield in this case is presently low.
- Donovan, Patrick M.,Scott, Lawrence T.
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p. 3108 - 3112
(2007/10/03)
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- Fine particle and gaseous emission rates from residential wood combustion
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Residential wood combustion emissions were analyzed to determine emission rates and to develop chemical emissions profiles that represent the appliances and woods typically used in wood-burning-communities. Over 350 elements, inorganic compounds, and organic compounds were quantified. A range of 4-9 g/kg dry fuel of particulate matter(a dilution stack sampler equipped with a 2.5-μm particle selective cyclone. Emissions were diluted 20-70 times, cooled to ambient temperature, and allowed 80 s for condensation prior to collection. Wood type, wood moisture, burn rate, and fuel load were varied for different experiments. Fine particle and se mivolatile organic compounds were collected on filter/PUF/XAD/PUF cartridges. Inorganic samples and mass were collected on Teflon and quartz filters. Volatile organic carbon compounds were trapped with Tenax (C8- C20), canister (C2-C12), and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine impregnated cartridges (carbonyl compounds). Analysis of particle and semivolatile organic species was conducted by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Teflon filters were analyzed for mass by gravimetry, trace elements were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence and ammonium was analyzed by automated colorimetry. Quartz filters were analyzed for organic and elemental carbon by thermal/optical reflectance, and forts were analyzed by ion chromatography. Select quartz filters were analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry for carbon-12 and carbon-14 abundance. Canister and Tenax samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, and carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Residential wood combustion emissions were analyzed to determine emission rates and to develop chemical emissions profiles that represent the appliances and woods typically used in wood-burning communities. Over 350 elements, inorganic compounds, and organic compounds were quantified. A range of 4-9 g/kg dry fuel of particulate matter (a dilution stack sampler equipped with a 2.5-μm particle selective cyclone. Emissions were diluted 20-70 times, cooled to ambient temperature, and allowed 80 s for condensation prior to collection. Wood type, wood moisture, burn rate, and fuel load were varied for different experiments. Fine particle and semivolatile organic compounds were collected on filter/PUF/XAD/PUF cartridges. Inorganic samples and mass were collected on Teflon and quartz filters. Volatile organic carbon compounds were trapped with Tenax (C8-C20), canister (C2-C12), and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine impregnated cartridges (carbonyl compounds). Analysis of particle and semivolatile organic species was conducted by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Teflon filters were analyzed for mass by gravimetry, trace elements were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence, and ammonium was analyzed by automated colorimetry. Quartz filters were analyzed for organic and elemental carbon by thermal/optical reflectance, and ions were analyzed by ion chromatography. Select quartz filters were analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry for carbon-12 and carbon-14 abundance. Canister and Tenax samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, and carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.
- Mcdonald, Jacob D.,Zielinska, Barbara,Fujita, Eric M.,Sagebiel, John C.,Chow, Judith C.,Watson, John G.
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p. 2080 - 2091
(2007/10/03)
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- Combustion of high calorific value waste material: Organic atmospheric pollution
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Waste tire combustion in an atmospheric fluidized-bed (AFB) reactor (7 cm i.d., 76 cm height) has been performed in a laboratory plant with the aim of studying the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions as a function of combustion temperature. The main aim has been to compare these organic emissions with the ones obtained when coal is burned at the same combustion conditions. PAH emissions have been analyzed in solids collected in two cyclons at the exit of the reactor and in a trap system formed by a condenser, a filter (20 μm), and an adsorbent. After PAH extraction with dimethylformamide (DMF) by sonication, fluorescence spectroscopy in the synchronous mode (FS) has been used as an analytical technique to quantify the PAHs emitted. It could be concluded that higher PAH emissions are generated when this waste material is burnt at the same conditions used for coal atmospheric fluidized-bed combustion (AFBC).
- Mastral, Ana M.,Callen, Maria S.,Murillo, Ramon,Garcia, Tomas
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p. 4155 - 4158
(2007/10/03)
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- Characterization of the combustion products of polyethylene
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Polyethylene (PE) was burned in a tube-type furnace with an air flow at a temperature of 600~900°C. Combustion products were collected with glass wool, glass fiber filter, and XAD-2 adsorbent. The analysis of the products was performed with GC-FID and GC-MSD. At low temperature, hydrocarbons were the major components, while at higher temperature the products were composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. With the high performance of the Hewlett-Packard 6890GC-5973MSD, more compounds were identified in comparison with previous studies.
- Piao, Mingjun,Chu, Shaogang,Zheng, Minghui,Xu, Xiaobai
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p. 1497 - 1512
(2007/10/03)
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