- Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. 61. Synthesis and Conformational Studies of Macrocycles Possessing 1,8- or 1,5-Naphthyridino Subunits Connected by Carbon-Oxygen Bridges
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Polyethereal macrocycles were prepared from both 2,6-dichloro-1,5-naphthyridine (2) and 2,7-dichloro-1,8-naphthyridine (6).The "cross-the-face" structures of 1:1 macrocycles 7, derived from 2, were confirmed by NMR.The 2,7-(1,8-naphthyridino) macrocyclic structures 9 and 10 were also supported by NMR data which were indicative of diminished N-electron density, when compared to the parent 1,8-naphthyridine.Template reactions did not appreciably enhance product yields.The X-ray crystal structure of 1:1 macrocycle 9b was conducted and showed that the imidate moieties possess a nearly 0 deg dihedral angle and that the naphthyridine subunit exhibits marginal deviation from planarity.
- Newkome, George R.,Garbis, Sam J.,Majestic, Veronica K.,Fronczek, Frank R.,Chiari, Giacomo
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- Tuning the sensitivity towards mercury: Via cooperative binding to d-fructose: Dual fluorescent chemosensor based on 1,8-naphthyridine-boronic acid derivative
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A novel fluorescent chemosensor naphthyridine-boronic acid derivative (1.1) was synthesized and its ability to act as a selective chemosensor was examined for various metal ions. Compound 1.1 displayed highly selective fluorescence quenching upon interaction with Hg2+, possibly by means of photo induced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. The binding stoichiometry of the naphthyridine-boronic acid-Hg2+ complex and the association constant was determined. It was found that in the presence of d-fructose at physiological concentration, the sensitivity of chemosensor 1.1 towards Hg2+ improved by at least 7 times, perhaps as a result of the cooperative binding of both d-fructose and mercury ion to the sensor. Till now, the presented dual d-fructose-mercury chemosensor is the first example of utilizing boronic acid-diol complexation for enhancement of the sensor's sensitivity towards a toxic metal ion. The utility of compound 1.1 lays in applications in the food industry, e.g. for detection of mercury contamination of high fructose corn syrup, or in estimation of mercury in polluted biological samples and underground water. This journal is
- Rajadurai, Marina,Reddy, E. Ramanjaneya
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- Dynamic Cross-Linking of Polyethylene via Sextuple Hydrogen Bonding Array
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Multiple hydrogen bonding motifs are promising tools for polymer functionalization to obtain adaptable networks combining advantages of permanently cross-linked systems with processability of thermoplastics. Here we describe the use of a new multiple hydrogen bonding motif to impart increased tensile strength, stiffness, barrier properties, and a plateau modulus after melting to functional polyolefins, while retaining adaptability of the polymer network. The cross-linked nature of these polymers was elucidated by thermal and mechanical analysis, revealing a raised glass transition and rheology similar to permanently cross-linked polymer matrices. The apolar polymer matrix was found to stabilize the new hydrogen bonding motif at elevated temperatures. The resulting polymer showed thermal resistance superior to ureidopyrimidone (UPy) motif functionalized materials, the most commonly employed synthetic multiple hydrogen bonding motif to date.
- Tellers, Jonathan,Canossa, Stefano,Pinalli, Roberta,Soliman, Maria,Vachon, Jér?me,Dalcanale, Enrico
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- A real time colorimetric 'two in one' kit for tracking ppb levels of uric acid and Hg2+ in live HeLa S3 cells and Hg2+ induced keto-enol tautomerism
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A TBET based 'turn-on' fluorescent reagent with high Stokes shifts, exhibits selective and colorimetric detection of biologically important uric acid as well as toxic Hg2+. A new Hg2+ induced keto-enol tautomerism phenomenon associated with a solvatochromic effect was reported. The sensor has proved its real time application as an accurate 'two in one' kit for tracking uric acid and Hg2+ in live HeLa cells via a fluorescence bio-imaging technique.
- Kumari, Chanda,Sain, Dibyendu,Kumar, Ashish,Debnath, Sushanta,Saha, Partha,Dey, Swapan
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- Hydrogen-bond-driven dimers of naphthyridine derivatives for selective identification of DNA G-quadruplexes
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G-quadruplex (GQ) ligands as potential anti-cancer drugs have received extensive attention. Large aromatic systems are usually considered in the design of the ligands to improve the binding with GQs, which are typically constructed by the combination of small modules with covalent bonds. In this study, we presented a non-covalent bond approach to construct GQ ligands with an extended planar structure. The ligands were stable dimers assembled through quadruplex intermolecular hydrogen bonds between two molecules of naphthyridine derivatives. Spectroscopic analyses showed that dimeric ligands could stabilize GQs with an increase of the melting temperature up to 12 °C and induced conformational conversion of hybrid GQs. Confocal fluorescence microscopy confirmed the enrichment of naphthyridine ligands in the nucleus. The ligands showed moderate cytotoxicity against HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 7.5 μg mL-1 and effectively induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in HeLa cells. These results confirmed the feasibility of the quick building of GQ ligands through intermolecular interactions of simple molecules that are easily obtained during synthesis, which is helpful for GQ ligand design and quick establishment of a ligand library through the self-assembly of easily available molecular components.
- Gao, Lianxun,Hao, Xueyu,Jin, Rizhe,Kang, Chuanqing,Li, Chunjie,Ma, Xiaoye,Wang, Liangpeng,Wang, Yu
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supporting information
p. 4768 - 4774
(2021/06/11)
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- A naphthyridine-indole ligand for selective stabilization of G-quadruplexes and conformational conversion of hybrid topology
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The development of ligands to stabilize G-quadruplexes (G4s) or induce G4s to transition from metastable topology to stable topology is a potential strategy for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. In this study, a novel G-quadruplex (G4) ligand based on a naphthyridine scaffold with two indole pendants, L5-DA, is reported to convert hybrid to the parallel topology. Circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to investigate the interactions between L5-DA and G4s. The CD spectra revealed that the L5-DA induced the conformational conversion from hybrid topologies to parallel topologies with a melting temperature increase of more than 30 °C. According to F?rster resonance energy transfer assays, the presence of excess duplex competitor had no effect on the ligand-induced stabilization of the hybrid topology, confirming the L5-DA's selectivity for G4s over ds26. With IC50 values of 4.3 μM, the ligand showed significant cytotoxicity against HeLa cells and effectively induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in HeLa cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed an increase in BG4 foci in the presence of the L5-DA, confirming ligand-induced G4s stabilization in HeLa cells. According to these results, the combination of naphthyridine and indole scaffold was an effective design strategy for G4s stabilization and conformational conversion of metastable G4 topology for inhibiting cancer cell growth.
- Gao, Lianxun,Hao, Xueyu,Jin, Rizhe,Kang, Chuanqing,Li, Chunjie,Ma, Xiaoye,Wang, Liangpeng,Wang, Yu
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supporting information
(2021/09/22)
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- Muscle-Mimetic Synergistic Covalent and Supramolecular Polymers: Phototriggered Formation Leads to Mechanical Performance Boost
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A thin filament stimulated by Ca2+ to combine with myosin is the structural basis to achieve filament sliding and muscle contraction. Though a large variety of artificial materials has been developed by mimicking muscle, the on-demand combination of the actin filament and myosin has never been precisely reproduced in polymeric systems. Herein, we show that both the combination process and the combined structure of actin filament and myosin have been mimicked to construct synergistic covalent and supramolecular polymers (CSPs). Specifically, photoirradiation as a stimulus induces the independently formed covalent polymers (CPs) and supramolecular polymers (SPs) to interact with each other through activated quadruple H-bonding. The resultant CSPs possess a unique network structure which not only facilitates the synergistic effect of CPs and SPs to afford stiff, strong, yet tough materials but also provides efficient pathways to dissipate energy with the damping capacity of the representative material being higher than 95%. Furthermore, muscle functions, for example, by becoming stiff during contraction and self-growth by training, are imitated well in our system via in situ phototriggered formation of CSP in the solid state. We hope that the fundamental understanding gained from this work will promote the development of synergistic CSP systems with emergent functions and applications by mimicking the principle of muscle movements.
- Zhang, Zhaoming,Cheng, Lin,Zhao, Jun,Zhang, Hao,Zhao, Xinyang,Liu, Yuhang,Bai, Ruixue,Pan, Hui,Yu, Wei,Yan, Xuzhou
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supporting information
p. 902 - 911
(2020/12/22)
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- BICYCLIC ETHER O-GLYCOPROTEIN-2-ACETAMIDO-2-DEOXY-3-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDASE INHIBITORS
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Described herein are compounds represented by formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and methods of preparing and using the same. The variables Ar, X, R1, R3, R 4, Y1, Y2, n and p are as defined herein.
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Paragraph 00334
(2020/08/22)
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- A proton-responsive annulated mesoionic carbene (MIC) scaffold on IR complex for proton/hydride shuttle: An experimental and computational investigation on reductive amination of aldehyde
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A Cp*Ir(III) complex (1) bearing a proton-responsive hydroxy unit on an annulated imidazo[1,2-a][1,8]naphthyridine based mesoionic carbene scaffold was synthesized by two different synthetic routes. The molecular structure of 1 revealed an anionic lactam form of the ligand. The acid?base equilibrium between the lactam-lactim tautomers on the ligand scaffold was examined by 1H NMR and UV?vis spectra. The pKa of the appendage ?OH group in the lactim form of 1 was estimated to assess the proton transfer property of the catalyst. The catalytic efficacy of 1 for reductive amination of aldehyde was evaluated by utilizing three different hydrogen sources: molecular H2iPrOH/KOtBu combination, and HCOOH/Et3N (5:2) azeotropic mixture. The HCOOH/Et3N (5:2) azeotropic mixture rotocol was found to be the best amon the three different h dro enation methods. Catalyst 1 hydrogenates imines chemoselectively over carbonyls under the reaction conditions. A range of aldehydes was reductively aminated to the corresponding secondary amines using the HCOOH/Et3N (5:2) azeotropic mixture. Further, catalyst 1 showed high efficiency for the reduction of a wide variety of N-heterocyclic imine derivatives. The lactam-lactim tautomerization of the ligand system is proposed for direct hydrogenation, whereas only the lactam form operates in the strongly basic medium (iPrOH/KOtBu). Under HCOOH/Et3N (5:2) conditions, the lactam scaffold is not protonated; rather, an outer-sphere hydride transfer from formate to the Ir is proposed, which is supported by 1H NMR and DFT calculations. Finally, ligand-promoted hydride transfer from metal-hydride to the protonated imine affords the corresponding amine. A close agreement between the experimentally estimated and computed thermodynamic/kinetic parameters gives credence to the metal-ligand cooperative mechanism for the imine hydrogenation reaction using the HCOOH/Et3N (5:2) azeotropic mixture.
- Bera, Jitendra K.,Daw, Prosenjit,Din Reshi, Noor U.,Ehmann, Kira R.,H?lscher, Markus,Leitner, Walter,Pandey, Pragati
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supporting information
p. 3849 - 3863
(2020/11/23)
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- Chiral 1,8-naphthyridine based ligands: Syntheses and characterization of Di- and tetranuclear copper (I) and silver (I) complexes
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Oxazoline and camphor-pyrazole units are introduced on the 1,8-naphthyridine scaffold to access chiral ligands L1, L2 and L3. Metalation of these chiral ligands with Cu(I) and Ag(I) precursors afforded di- and tetranuclear complexes [Cu4I4(L1)2] (1), [Cu4I4(L2)2] (2), [Cu2I2(L3)] (3), [Cu2I(L2)2](OTf) (4), [Ag2(L1)2](OTf)2 (5) and [Ag4(L2)4Br](OTf)3 (6), containing [M4Xn] (n = 1,4 and X = Br, I) or [M2Xn] (n = 0, 1, 2 and X = I) core. All complexes are structurally characterized. Naphthyridine-derived ligands reveal bridge-chelate coordination motif and hold two metal centers in close proximity. The tetranuclear complexes are dimer of dinuclear complexes bridged by the halides. Electronic absorption and emission spectra of copper complexes are reported. Catalytic utility of all complexes are examined for asymmetric transformations but they showed poor activity probably due to limited solubility and coordinative saturation at the metal centers. The best results are obtained with [L3/Cu salt] combination for cyclopropanation of styrene, N–H bond insertion and nitroaldol (Henry) reactions with very low enantioselectivity.
- Sarkar, Mithun,Pandey, Pragati,Bera, Jitendra K.
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p. 518 - 528
(2018/11/24)
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- Supramolecular Self-Sorting Networks using Hydrogen-Bonding Motifs
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A current objective in supramolecular chemistry is to mimic the transitions between complex self-sorted systems that represent a hallmark of regulatory function in nature. In this work, a self-sorting network, comprising linear hydrogen motifs, was created. Selecting six hydrogen-bonding motifs capable of both high-fidelity and promiscuous molecular recognition gave rise to a complex self-sorting system, which included motifs capable of both narcissistic and social self-sorting. Examination of the interactions between individual components, experimentally and computationally, provided a rationale for the product distribution during each phase of a cascade. This reasoning holds through up to five sequential additions of six building blocks, resulting in the construction of a biomimetic network in which the presence or absence of different components provides multiple unique pathways to distinct self-sorted configurations.
- Coubrough, Heather M.,van der Lubbe, Stephanie C. C.,Hetherington, Kristina,Minard, Aisling,Pask, Christopher,Howard, Mark J.,Fonseca Guerra, Célia,Wilson, Andrew J.
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supporting information
p. 785 - 795
(2019/01/04)
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- Scope and limitations of supramolecular autoregulation
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Recently, our group has reported on the ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) induced buffering of 2,7-diamido-1,8-naphthyridine (NaPy) and used this phenomenon to regulate the catalysis of the Michael addition of 2,4-pentanedione to trans-a-nitrostyrene. We now show that the observed catalytic activity of NaPy is the result of a strong synergy between NaPy and trace amounts of K2CO3, resulting in a more than 100-fold increase in reaction rate compared to the two compounds separately. By keeping the concentration of K2CO3, as well as NaPy, constant, an improved regulation of the catalytic activity is achieved. We show that the catalytic activity can be precisely regulated in a noncovalent manner via the addition of the UPy motif. Finally, different salts and Michael substrates are screened to assess the selectivity of this catalytic couple and to provide a platform for future research in molecular buffering, regulation, and chemical networks.
- Teunissen, Abraham J.P.,Van Der Haas, Roy J.C.,Vekemans, Jef A.J.M.,Palmans, Anja R.A.,Meijer
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supporting information
p. 308 - 314
(2016/04/05)
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- Light-driven artificial enzymes for selective oxidation of guanosine triphosphate using water-soluble POSS network polymers
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The light-driven artificial enzymes were constructed to realize unnatural reactions concerning bio-significant molecules. In this manuscript, the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-selective oxidation is reported using the network polymers composed of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS). We synthesized the water-soluble POSS network polymer containing the naphthyridine ligands to capture GTP inside the networks and the ruthenium complexes to oxidize the captured GTP under light irradiation. Initially, the binding affinities of the guanosine nucleosides to the naphthyridine ligand inside the POSS network polymer were evaluated from the emission quenching experiments. Accordingly, it was observed that the naphthyridine ligand can form the stable complex only with GTP (Ka = 5.5 × 106 M-1). These results indicate that only GTP can be captured by the network polymer. Next, the photo-catalytic activity of the ruthenium complex-modified POSS network polymer was investigated. Finally, it was revealed that the network polymer can decompose GTP efficiently under light irradiation. This is the first example, to the best of our knowledge, to offer not only the GTP-selective host polymers but also the light-driven artificial enzyme for GTP oxidation. the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Jeon, Jong-Hwan,Tanaka, Kazuo,Chujo, Yoshiki
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supporting information
p. 6500 - 6506
(2014/08/18)
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- Naphthyridine based fluorescent receptors for the recognition of uric acid
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Naphthyridine based fluorogenic receptors (R1, R2, R3 and R4) have been synthesised for the recognition of uric acid (UA). The receptors are very useful for potential applications arising from complexation reactions as demonstrated by 1H NMR, UV-vis and fluorescence studies. The association constants (Ka) between the receptors and UA have been reported using UV and fluorescence techniques. The minimisation energy calculations and molecular modelling studies for the host-guest assemblies have been discussed in this context.
- Dey, Swapan,Sain, Dibyendu,Goswami, Shyamaprosad
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p. 428 - 433
(2014/01/06)
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- Synthesis and evaluation of fluorogenic 2-amino-1,8-naphthyridine derivatives for the detection of bacteria
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Several novel fluorogenic N-aminoacylnaphthyridine substrates were synthesized in good yield and tested for their ability to detect pathogenic bacteria in agar-based cell culture. Simple 2-N-(β-alanyl)amino-5,7- dialkylnaphthyridine substrates were selectively hydrolysed by β-alanylaminopeptidase expressing bacteria, but were subject to diffusion in the agar medium. Diffusion was reduced in the 2-N-(β-alanyl)amino-7- alkylnaphthyridine substrates with longer alkyl chains, but inhibition of growth was increased. 2-N-(β-Alanyl)amino-7-octylnaphthyridine inhibited the growth of all species tested, except for strains resistant to colistin/polymyxin, providing a rationale for the development of substrates for the selective detection of drug resistant species in clinical samples. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012.
- Varadi, Linda,Gray, Mark,Groundwater, Paul W.,Hall, Andrew J.,James, Arthur L.,Orenga, Sylvain,Perry, John D.,Anderson, Rosaleen J.
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scheme or table
p. 2578 - 2589
(2012/04/23)
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- Design, synthesis and binding studies of a novel quadruple ADDA hydrogen-bond array
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The design and synthesis of a novel ADDA hydrogen-bond array is described. The ureidodiimidazole motif (UDIM) 2 engages in interactions with complementary diamidonaphthyridine (DAN) 3 motifs with an association constant Ka = 825 ± 16 M-1 in chloroform. 1H NMR and molecular modelling studies were carried out in order to explain the unexpected behaviour of this new supramolecular motif. These revealed that a combination of effects including; an energetic bias for the folded conformer, subtle differences in shape complementarity between the two components and the potential for self-association of UDIM 2 disfavour higher affinity interactions between the two components.
- Pellizzaro, Maria L.,Barrett, Simon A.,Fisher, Julie,Wilson, Andrew J.
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experimental part
p. 4899 - 4906
(2012/07/28)
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- Enhancement of affinity in molecular recognition via hydrogen bonds by POSS-core dendrimer and its application for selective complex formation between guanosine triphosphate and 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives
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We report that a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) core in a dendrimer can enhance the affinity of the molecular recognition via hydrogen bonds between 1,8-naphthyridine and guanosine nucleotides. The complexation of the naphthyridine ligands with a series of guanosine nucleotides was investigated, and it is shown that the POSS core should play a significant role in the stabilization of the complexes via hydrogen bonds. Finally, we demonstrate that the 1,8-naphthyridine ligand can selectively recognize guanosine triphosphate by assisting with the POSS-core dendrimer.
- Tanaka, Kazuo,Murakami, Masahiro,Jeon, Jong-Hwan,Chujo, Yoshiki
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experimental part
p. 90 - 95
(2012/01/11)
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- Efficient syntheses of dual radioisotope-labelled PF-00217830, a D 2-partial agonist for the treatment of schizophrenia disorder
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PF-00217830 is a D2-partial agonist developed for the treatment of schizophrenia. The dual 14C/14C and 14C/3H-labelled PF-00217830 were required for animal and human absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) studies. This report describes the development of the syntheses of dual 14C/ 14C- and dual 14C/3H-labelled PF-00217830. [14C]PF-00217830-L labelled at the naphthalene ring was prepared in three steps starting with [14C]naphthalene, while [ 3H]PF-00217830-R was synthesised by Pd-catalysed tritium de-bromination of brominated PF-00217830 in a single radiosynthetic step. The dual [14C/3H]PF-00217830 was made by mixing 1:10 radioactivity ratio of [14C]PF-00217830-L and [3H]PF- 00217830-R. The chemistry for [14C]PF-00217830-R labelled at the pyridine ring was also described.
- Zhang, Yinsheng,Garnes, Keith T.,Brown, Donna
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scheme or table
p. 351 - 355
(2012/09/21)
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- First artificial acidic fluorescent receptors for caffeine and other xanthine alkaloids
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Recognition of three xanthine alkaloids caffeine, theobromine and theophylline with acidic fluorescent receptors has been achieved for the first time through the host-guest interaction. The designed receptors are based on the choice of different fluorophores as spacers which can accommodate the bicyclic xanthine guests in between the binding phenolic hydroxyl or carboxyl groups. Among all the xanthine alkaloids, caffeine being the strongest base, its binding constants were maximum though all the nitrogens of caffeine are methylated. Photochemically the trans isomers were converted to the cis isomers which generated cavities for better binding of the xanthine alkaloids. Receptor 4-{4-[4′-(3-Carboxypropoxy)phynylazo]phenoxy}butyric acid (5) has been shown to be most effective in enhancement of fluorescence intensity with caffeine complexation. The binding properties have been studied by a combination of experimental techniques such as UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. Also solid state binding performance between receptor 4,4′-Diazenyldiphenol (4) and caffeine has been described.
- Mahapatra, Ajit Kumar,Sahoo, Prithidipa,Goswami, Shyamaprosad,Fun, Hoong-Kun,Yeap, Chin Sing
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scheme or table
p. 99 - 108
(2011/10/13)
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- Room temperature, copper-catalyzed amination of bromonaphthyridines with aqueous ammonia
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(Figure Presented) Room temperature, copper-catalyzed amination of amido-bromo-1,8-naphthyridines is reported. Use of Cu2O and aqueous ammonia at ambient temperature affords amination products in 10-87% yield. Bromonaphthyridines are prepared in 15-65% yield via treatment of amidonaphthyridinones with phosphorus tribromide. This methodology provides an alternative route to functional, nonsymmetric 2,7-diamido-1,8-naphthyridines.
- Anderson, Cyrus A.,Taylor, Phillip G.,Zeller, Mary A.,Zimmerman, Steven C.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4848 - 4851
(2010/10/20)
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- 7-(4-(4-[3-CHLORO-2-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL]PIPERAZIN-1-YL)BUTOXY)-[1,8]-NAPHTHYRIDIN-2(1H)-ONE
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This invention relates to a compound of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compound or a salt thereof, and its use as a medicament for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or other central nervous system disorders.
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Page/Page column 7
(2008/12/06)
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- Heterocyclic compounds
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Heterocyclic compounds of the formula: STR1 wherein the pyrroline ring and the symbols R1 and R2 together form an isoindoline, 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo-[3,4-b]pyrazine, 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-1,4-oxathiino-[2,3-c]pyrrole or 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-1,4-dithiino-[2,3-c]pyrrole nucleus, Het represents an optionally substituted pyrid-2-yl, quinol-2-yl or 1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl radical, Z represents oxygen or sulphur and R represents hydrogen, alkyl or halo-substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, optionally substituted phenyl, phenylalkyl, the phenyl ring of which may optionally be substituted, phenylalkenyl, the phenyl ring of which may optionally be substituted, or R represents a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic radical containing one or two hetero-atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur, and, when the pyrroline ring and the symbols R1 and R2 together form an isoindoline nucleus, the residue of the isoindoline nucleus represented by R1 and R2 may optionally be substituted, possess pharmacological properties, and are especially useful as tranquillizers, anti-convulsant agents, decontracturants and agents to produce hypnosis.
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- 1,4-Dithiino(2,3-c)pyrrole derivatives
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New compounds of the formula: SPC1 Wherein A is a phenyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, 2-, 3- or 4-quinolyl or naphthyridinyl radical, or a said radical substituted by one or two atoms or radicals selected from halogen, alkyl, alkoxy cyano and nitro, R is alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl, and n is zero or 1, possess pharmacological properties and are, in particular, active as tranquilisers, anti-convulsant agents, decontracturants and agents to produce hypnosis.
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