- Iron-catalyzed domino decarboxylation-oxidation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids enabled aldehyde C-H methylation
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A practical and general iron-catalyzed domino decarboxylation-oxidation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids enabling aldehyde C-H methylation for the synthesis of methyl ketones has been developed. This mild, operationally simple method uses ambient air as the sole oxidant and tolerates sensitive functional groups for the late-stage functionalization of complex natural-product-derived and polyfunctionalized molecules.
- Gong, Pei-Xue,Xu, Fangning,Cheng, Lu,Gong, Xu,Zhang, Jie,Gu, Wei-Jin,Han, Wei
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supporting information
p. 5905 - 5908
(2021/06/18)
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- Amino Group Functionalized Hf-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Knoevenagel-Doebner Condensation
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A Hf(IV) metal-organic framework (MOF) with di-amino functionalized linker was obtained as a crystalline solid with UiO-67 topology under solvothermal reaction conditions. The guest free form of Hf(IV) MOF (1′) was efficiently employed as a heterogeneous catalyst to synthesize cinnamic acid derivatives via Knoevenagel-Doebner reaction for the first time. The catalyst (1′) was efficiently active to directly achieve cinnamic acid from benzaldehyde and malonic acid. The solid retained its activity up to 6th cycle with no decay in its activity. The noticeable advantages of the catalyst are its milder reaction conditions, high yield, high stability, recyclable nature towards catalysis and wide substrate scope as well as shape-selective behaviour. The possible mechanism of the reaction was also studied thoroughly with suitable control experiments.
- Das, Aniruddha,Anbu, Nagaraj,Gogoi, Chiranjib,Dhakshinamoorthy, Amarajothi,Biswas, Shyam
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p. 3396 - 3403
(2021/08/20)
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- First synthesis of tabamides A–C and their derivatives: In vitro nitric oxide inhibitory activity
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The first synthesis of natural phenolic amides, tabamides A–C (1–3), and their derivatives (4–12) was accomplished using Stobbe condensation and amide coupling reactions as key steps. The in vitro nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory effects of these compounds in LPS-induced RAW-264.7 macrophages were evaluated as an indicator of anti-inflammatory activity. All compounds tested had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on NO production by RAW-264.7 macrophages without significant cytotoxicity. Compound 6, a tabamide A derivative (IC50 = 82.6 μM), followed by tabamide A (1, IC50 = 100.7 μM), was the most potent from the series. The present study revealed that tabamide A (1) could be considered as a lead structure to develop NO production-targeted anti-inflammatory agents.
- Damodar, Kongara,Jeon, Sung Ho,Lee, Jeong Tae,Shin, Sooyong
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supporting information
(2021/11/10)
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- Identification of novel functionalized carbohydrazonamides designed as chagas disease drug candidates
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Background: Although several research efforts have been made worldwide to discover novel drug candidates for the treatment of Chagas disease, the nitroimidazole drug benznidazol remains the only therapeutic alternative in the control of this disease. However, this drug presents reduced efficacy in the chronic form of the disease and limited safety after long periods of admini-stration, making it necessary to search for new, more potent and safe prototypes. Objective: We described herein the synthesis and the trypanocidalaction of new functionalized carbohydrazonamides (2-10) against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. Methods: These compounds were designed through the application of molecular hybridization concept between two potent anti-T. cruzi prototypes, the nitroimidazole derivative megazol (1) and the cinnamyl N-acylhydrazone derivative (14) which have been shown to be twice as potent in vitro as benznidazole. Results: The most active compounds were the (Z)-N'-((E)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-acryloyl)-1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-carbohydrazonamide (6) (IC50 =9.50 μM) and the (Z)-N'-((E)-3-(4-hydroxyphe-nyl)-acryloyl)-1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-carbohydrazonamide (8) (IC50 =12.85 μM), which were almost equipotent to benznidazole (IC50 =10.26 μM) used as standard drug. The removal of the amine group attached to the imine subunit in the corresponding N-acylhydrazone derivatives (11-13) resulted in less potent or inactive compounds. The para-hydroxyphenyl derivative (8) presented also a good selectivity index (SI = 32.94) when tested against mammalian cells from Swiss mice. Conclusion: The promising trypanocidal profile of new carbohydrazonamide derivatives (6) and (8) was characterized. These compounds have proved to be a good starting point for the design of more effective trypanocidal drug candidates.
- Do Nascimento, Mayara S. S.,Camara, Vitória R. F.,da Costa, Juliana S.,Barbosa, Juliana M. C.,Lins, Alessandra S. M.,Salom?o, Kelly,de Castro, Solange L.,Carvalho, Samir A.,da Silva, Edson F.,Fraga, Carlos A. M.
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p. 774 - 783
(2020/08/19)
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- Synthesis and Spectroscopic Analysis of Piperine- And Piperlongumine-Inspired Natural Product Scaffolds and Their Molecular Docking with IL-1β and NF-κB Proteins
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Inspired by the remarkable bioactivities exhibited by the natural products, piperine and piperlongumine, we synthesised eight natural product-inspired analogues to further investigate their structures. For the first time, we confirmed the structure of the key cyclised dihydropyrazolecarbothioamide piperine analogues including the use of two-dimensional (2D) 15N-based spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Prior investigations demonstrated promising results from these scaffolds for the inhibition of inflammatory response via downregulation of the IL-1β and NF-κB pathway. However, the molecular interaction of these molecules with their protein targets remains unknown. Ab initio calculations revealed the electronic density function map of the molecules, showing the effects of structural modification in the electronic structure. Finally, molecular interactions between the synthesized molecules and the proteins IL-1β and NF-κB were achieved. Docking results showed that all the analogues interact in the DNA binding site of NF-κB with higher affinity compared to the natural products and, with the exception of 9a and 9b, have higher affinity than the natural products for the binding site of IL-1β. Specificity for the molecular recognition of 3a, 3c and 9b with IL-1β through cation–π interactions was determined. These results revealed 3a, 3c, 4a, 4c and 10 as the most promising molecules to be evaluated as IL-1β and NF-κB inhibitors.
- Cornelio, Marinonio L.,Jones, Alan M.,Le Duff, Cécile S.,Povinelli, Ana Paula R.,Tang, Bridget,Zazeri, Gabriel
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- Synthesis, biological evaluation and computational studies of acrylohydrazide derivatives as potential Staphylococcus aureus NorA efflux pump inhibitors
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The NorA efflux pump decreases the intracellular concentration of fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin) by effluxing them from Staphylococcus aureus cells. The synthesis of novel acrylohydrazide derivatives was achieved using well-known reactions and were characterized by various spectroscopy techniques. The synthesized 50 compounds were evaluated for the NorA efflux pump inhibition activity against S. aureus SA-1199B (norA++) and K1758 (norA-) strains. The study provided two most active compounds viz. 19 and 52. Compound 19 was found to be most active in potentiating effect of norfloxacin and also it showed enhanced uptake, efflux inhibition in ethidium bromide assay. Further compound 19 also enhanced post antibiotic effect and reduced mutation prevention concentration of norfloxacin. The homology modeling study was performed to elucidate three-dimensional structure of NorA. Docking studies of potent molecules were done to find the binding affinity and interaction with active site residues. Further, all the tested compounds exhibited good ADME and drug-likeness properties in- silico. Based on the in-silico studies and detailed in vitro studies, acrylohydrazides derivatives may be considered as potential NorA EPI candidates.
- Kumar, Gautam,Goutami Godavari, Ambati,Tambat, Rushikesh,Kumar, Siva,Nandanwar, Hemraj,Elizabeth Sobhia,Jachak, Sanjay M.
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- The potential role of the 5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1: H)-one unit of piperlongumine on the anticancer activity
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Piperlongumine (PL), a potent anticancer agent from the plant long pepper (Piper longum), contains the 5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one heterocyclic scaffold and cinnamoyl unit. In this paper, we synthesized a series of PL analogs and evaluated their cytotoxicity against cancer cells for the sake of exploring which pharmacophore plays a more potent role in enhancing the anticancer activities of PL. These results illustrated that the position effect, not the electronic effect, of substituents plays a certain role in the cytotoxicity of PL and its analogs. More important, the 5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one unit, a potent pharmacophore in enhancing the antiproliferative activities of PL, could react with cysteamine and lead to ROS generation, and then bring about the occurrence of ROS-induced downstream events, followed by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This work suggests that introducing a lactam unit containing Michael acceptors may be a potent strategy to enhancing the anticancer activity of drugs. This journal is
- Li, Peng-Xiao,Liu, Guo-Yun,Liu, Yue,Mu, Wen-Wen,Yang, Jie
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p. 42128 - 42136
(2020/12/09)
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- Preparation method for cinepazide maleate
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The invention provides a preparation method for cinepazide maleate, which comprises the following steps of: (1) carrying out Wittig reaction on 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde serving as an initial rawmaterial and phosphine ylide to obtain (E)-3, 4, 5-trimethoxyethyl cinnamate (intermediate I), (2) hydrolyzing the (E)-3, 4, 5-trimethoxyethyl cinnamate to obtain a key intermediate 3, 4, 5-trimethoxy cinnamic acid (intermediate II), (3) in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, triethylamine and carbodiimide hydrochloride, coupling the intermediate I with anhydrous piperazine to synthesize 1-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxycinnamoyl) piperazine (intermediate III), (4) reacting the 1-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxycinnamoyl) piperazine with 2-bromo-1 (pyrrolidine-1-yl) ethyl ketone to generate cinepazide (an intermediate IV), and (5) salifying the cinepazide in the step (4) and maleic acid to generate the target product cinepazide maleate. The preparation method has the advantages of cheap and easily available raw materials, simple operation, short production period, high yield, easy purification, good control of the product quality, reduction of the pollutant discharge, environmental protection, and realization of industrial production.
- -
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Paragraph 0033
(2020/04/17)
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- Preparation and anti-tumor activity of piplartine derivative
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The invention discloses a biological structural formula of a piplartine derivative. The compound is of a novel structure. The invention further discloses a preparation method and use of the compound.The compound has obvious inhibition effects to the tumor cells of pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, malignant melanoma, lung adenocarcinoma, leukemia, ovarian cancer and the like. Thestructural formula of the compound is formula (shown in the description).
- -
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Paragraph 0007
(2019/04/13)
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- Mild, Metal-Free and Protection-Free Transamidation of N-Acyl-2-piperidones to Amino Acids, Amino Alcohols and Aliphatic Amines and Esterification of N-Acyl-2-piperidones
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Amides are indispensable building blocks of biological systems, pharmaceuticals, and materials. We report a highly selective method for the synthesis of amides via transamidation process. Transamidation of N-acyl-2-piperidones with a broad range of amines is demonstrated under exceedingly mild and metal-free reaction condition that relies on the amide bond twist to weaken the amidic resonance. Transamidation proceeds under the neat condition at room temperature, in short reaction times (30–90 min) with good yields. Considerable variation is tolerated with both amine and imide substrates. Of note, amines bearing carboxylic acids (glycine and serine) and hydroxyl groups (dopamine, tyramine, etc.) are well tolerated which are otherwise problematic under the metal-catalyzed protocol. Our current method is applicable for transamidation of both alkyl and aryl-N-acyl-2-piperidones. The practical value of the method is highlighted by the synthesis of four natural product amide alkaloids in high yields under mild reaction conditions. In the absence of nucleophilic amines, N-acyl-2-piperidones undergoes esterification with EtOH at elevated temperature. Single crystal X-ray analysis of an N-acyl-2-piperidone shows amide bond twist, τ = –20.39° and pyramidalization, χN = –11.73°. This weakens the amidic conjugation and might be the factor controlling the reactivity and selectivity of these imides. We envision that the N-acyl-2-piperidone scaffold would be useful in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and materials.
- Subramani, Muthuraman,Rajendran, Saravana Kumar
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supporting information
p. 3677 - 3686
(2019/06/08)
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- Synthesis of cinnamic acid derivatives and leishmanicidal activity against Leishmania braziliensis
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Leishmania braziliensis is one of the pathogenic agents of cutaneous and mucocutanoeous leishmaniasis. There are no validated vaccines to prevent the infection and the treatment relies on drugs that often present severe side effects, which justify the efforts to find new potential antileishmanial drugs. An alternative to promote the discovery of new drugs would be the association of different chemical groups of bioactive compounds. Here we describe the synthesis and bioactivity evaluation against L. braziliensis of cinnamic acid derivatives possessing isobenzofuranone and 1,2,3-triazole functionalities. We tested 25 compounds at 10 μM concentration against extracellular promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes during macrophage infection. Most compounds were more active against amastigotes than to promastigotes. The derivatives (E)-3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-yl-(3,4,5-trimethoxy) cinnamate (5c), (1-(3,4-difluorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl cinnamate (9g), and (1-(2-bromobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl cinnamate (9l) were the most effective presenting over 80% toxicity on L. braziliensis amastigotes. While compound 5c is a cinnamate with an isobenzofuranone portion, 9g and 9l are triazolic cinnamic acid derivatives. The action of these compounds was comparable to amphotericin B used as positive control. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that 5c-treated parasites showed impaired cytokinesis and apoptosis triggering. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of cinnamic acid derivatives in development of novel anti-leishmanial drugs.
- Rodrigues, Michelle Peixoto,Tomaz, Deborah Campos,?ngelo de Souza, Luciana,Onofre, Thiago Souza,Aquiles de Menezes, Wemerson,Almeida-Silva, Juliana,Suarez-Fontes, Ana Márcia,Rogéria de Almeida, Márcia,Manoel da Silva, Adalberto,Bressan, Gustavo Costa,Vannier-Santos, Marcos André,Rangel Fietto, Juliana Lopes,Teixeira, Róbson Ricardo
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- Substituted cinnamic anhydrides act as selective inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase
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Cinnamic anhydrides have been shown to be more than reactive reagents, but they also act as inhibitors of the enzyme acetylcholinesterease (AChE). Thus, out of a set of 33 synthesised derivatives, several of them were mixed type inhibitors for AChE (from electric eel). Thus, (E)-3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic anhydride (2c) showed Ki = 8.30 ± 0.94 μM and Ki′ = 9.54 ± 0.38 μM, and for (E)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)acrylic anhydride (2u) Ki = 8.23 ± 0.93 μM and Ki′ = 13.07 ± 0.46 μM were measured. While being not cytotoxic to many human cell lines, these compounds showed an unprecedented and noteworthy inhibitory effect for AChE but not for butyrylcholinesterase (BChE).
- Gie?el, Josephine M.,Serbian, Immo,Loesche, Anne,Csuk, René
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- Synthesis, mitochondrial localization of fluorescent derivatives of cinnamamide as anticancer agents
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Mitochondria are considered as a therapeutic target for new drug design toward all kinds of cancer. Hence in order to enhance the dosage in mitochondrial fraction of cinnamamides, the mitochondria-targeted derivatives were designed by the incorporation of cinnamamides into a fluorophore carrier of coumarin-3-carboxamide with a 1:1 stoichiometry. Using the amide linkers, twenty-one compounds were synthesized and the cytotoxicity against a panel of cancer cells (MCF-7, Hela, HepG2, HL-60) was tested. In particular, compound 18c displayed the potent cytotoxicity toward HL-60 leukaemia cells, which could quickly and efficiently entry into HL-60 cells and specifically localize within mitochondria. And 18c preferred enrichment in HL-60 cells than in PBMC normal cells, accounting for the higher toxicity to cancer cells than to normal cells. Moreover, the dissipations of mitochondrial membrane potential and enhancement of cellular ROS level were also preceded upon 18c treatment, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis/necrosis in HL-60 cells. Besides, acted as a Michael acceptor, 18c initiated a thia-Michael addition reaction toward cysteamine (1:2 stoichiometry), detecting by the UV-Vis spectrum and HRMS analysis. This could result in the blue emission of 18c in mitochondria after the procedure of cell fixation, owing to the formation of covalent bond with mitochondrial thiols. Our study reported 18c might be useful for the further development into a mitochondria-targeted anti-leukemia agent and the Michael acceptor might be a versatile functional group.
- Yang, Kun,Li, Yuanyuan,Tang, Qun,Zheng, Lifang,He, Dian
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- Excavating precursors from the traditional Chinese herb Polygala tenuifolia and Gastrodia elata: Synthesis, anticonvulsant activity evaluation of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA)ester derivatives
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Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures that disturbs about 60 million people worldwide. In this article, a novel series of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA)ester derivatives 1–35 were designed inspired from the traditional Chinese herb pair drugs Polygala tenuifolia and Gastrodia elata and synthesized followed by in vivo and in silico evaluation of their anticonvulsant potential. All the synthesized derivatives were biologically evaluated for their anticonvulsant potential using two acute model of seizures induced in mice, the maximal electroshock (MES)and sc-pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)models. Simultaneously, the motor impairment as a surrogate of acute neurotoxicity and in vitro screening of cytotoxicity against HepG-2 cells line were assessed through the rotarod performance test and CCK-8 assay, respectively. In addition, the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters of the active compounds were determined. Our results showed that compounds 5, 7, 8, 13, 20, 25, 28, 30 and 32 exhibited preferable anticonvulsant activity in primary evaluation, with compounds 28 and 32 being the most promising anticonvulsant agents in according to results of subsequent pharmacology and toxicity evaluation. Additionally, the molecular modeling experiments predicted good binding interactions of part of the obtained active molecules with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)transferas. Therefore, it could be concluded that the synthesized derivatives 28 and 32 would represent useful lead compounds for further investigation in the development of anticonvulsant agents.
- Zhao, Zefeng,Bai, Yajun,Xie, Jing,Chen, Xufei,He, Xirui,Sun, Ying,Bai, Yujun,Zhang, Yangyang,Wu, Shaoping,Zheng, Xiaohui
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- Discovery of caffeic acid phenethyl ester derivatives as novel myeloid differentiation protein 2 inhibitors for treatment of acute lung injury
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Myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) is an essential molecule which recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leading to initiation of inflammation through the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) from propolis of honeybee hives could interfere interactions between LPS and the TLR4/MD2 complex, and thereby has promising anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we designed and synthesized 48 CAPE derivatives and evaluated their anti-inflammatory activities in mouse primary peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) activated by LPS. The most active compound, 10s, was found to bind with MD2 with high affinity, which prevented formation of the LPS/MD2/TLR4 complex. The binding mode of 10s revealed that the major interactions with MD2 were established via two key hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, 10s showed remarkable protective effects against LPS-caused ALI (acute lung injury) in vivo. Taken together, this work provides new lead structures and candidates as MD2 inhibitors for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Chen, Lingfeng,Jin, Yiyi,Chen, Hongjin,Sun, Chuchu,Fu, Weitao,Zheng, Lulu,Lu, Min,Chen, Pengqin,Chen, Gaozhi,Zhang, Yali,Liu, Zhiguo,Wang, Yi,Song, Zengqiang,Liang, Guang
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p. 361 - 375
(2017/12/07)
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- Synthesis of cinnamic ester derivatives from Oxalis pes-caprae using immobilized Br?nsted dual acidic ionic liquid and microwaves
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An efficient and mild synthesis of three naturally occurring cinnamic ester derivatives (5, 6 and 7) isolated from methanol extract of Oxalis pes-caprae has been described, which show inhibitory effects on the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa. 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde (1) has been used as the starting material. Esterification reaction has been achieved via a novel approach using immobilized Bransted dual acidic ionic liquid and microwaves.
- Shallu,Sharma, Madan L.,Singh, Jasvinder
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p. 1385 - 1390
(2019/05/22)
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- Design and synthesis of cenocladamide analogues and their evaluation against breast cancer cell lines
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This work describes the total synthesis of the alkaloid cenocladamide and a concise library of nine structural analogues aiming at their evaluation against the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. The most promising compound (3; IC50 = 6.6 μM) was also evaluated in a panel of seven breast cancer cell lines and two non-tumorigenic cell lines. We further conducted an initial investigation on the mechanism of action of analogue 3, which lacks the endocyclic double bond when compared to cenocladamide. The present study presents the discovery of a cenocladamide analogue with interesting cytotoxic activity, which could be useful for further optimization towards new chemotherapeutic agents for breast cancer treatment.
- Santos, Carla C. F.,Paradela, Luciana S.,Novaes, Luiz F. T.,Dias, Sandra M. G.,Pastre, Julio C.
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supporting information
p. 755 - 766
(2017/04/27)
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- Long pepper amide analogs, preparation method and application thereof
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The invention relates to the pharmaceutical chemistry field, and concretely relates to a piplartine analogue (I) or (II), a preparation method therefor and pharmaceutical compositions containing the piplartine analogue (I) and (II). The pharmacodynamic experiments prove that piplartine analogue can be used for treating or preventing thromboembolism diseases. The structural formulas of the piplartine analogue (I) and (II) are shown in the specification.
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Paragraph 0031; 0032; 0033
(2017/08/25)
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- Development of sulfonamides incorporating phenylacrylamido functionalities as carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IX and XII inhibitors
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A series of novel sulfonamides incorporating phenylacrylamido functionalities were synthesized and investigated for the inhibition of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). The physiologically and pharmacologically relevant human (h) isoforms hCA I and II (cytosolic isozymes), as well as the transmembrane tumor-associated hCA IX and XII were included in the study. These compounds showed low nanomolar or sub-nanomolar inhibition constants against hCA II (KIs in the range of 0.50–50.5 nM), hCA IX (KIs of 1.8–228.5 nM), and hCA XII (KIs of 3.5–96.2 nM) being less effective as inhibitors of the off target isoform hCA I. A detailed structure–activity relationship study demonstrates that the nature and position of substituents present on the aromatic part of the scaffold strongly influence the inhibition of CA isoforms. As hCA II, IX and XII are involved in pathologies such as glaucoma and hypoxic, and metastatic tumors, compounds of the type reported in this work may be useful preclinical candidates.
- Angapelly, Srinivas,Ramya, P.V. Sri,Angeli, Andrea,Del Prete, Sonia,Capasso, Clemente,Arifuddin, Mohammed,Supuran, Claudiu T.
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p. 5726 - 5732
(2017/10/09)
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- Piperlongumine derived cyclic sulfonamides (sultams): Synthesis and in?vitro exploration for therapeutic potential against HeLa cancer cell lines
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A novel modification of piperlongumine is designed, bearing a cyclic sulphonamide (sultam) and its synthesis is described. For the first time herein we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of the natural product derived cyclic sulfonamides using Grubbs second generation catalyst (Grubbs II) via ring closing metathesis approach. Synthesis of a series of piperlongumine derived sultams is done in a moderate to good yield using Wittig reaction, Ring-Closing Metathesis (RCM) and, amide synthesis by using mixed anhydride, approach. All synthesized compounds were evaluated for anticancer activity and some demonstrated dose dependent reduction in HeLa cell growth. Of these 7, 10 and 14 significantly reduced the cell growth. Consequently their calculated GI50values were found to be 0.1 or 0.1?μM.
- Lad, Nitin P.,Kulkarni, Sarang,Sharma, Rajiv,Mascarenhas, Malcolm,Kulkarni, Mahesh R.,Pandit, Shivaji S.
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p. 870 - 878
(2016/12/18)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of phenylpropanoid derivatives
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In this work, a series of oxime ether phenylpropanoid derivatives were synthesized. Their anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity in HepG 2.2.15 cells was determined, and anti-cancer potential against three human cancer cell lines was evaluated. All the synthesized derivatives showed great efficiency against HBV. Compound 4d demonstrated the most effective anti-HBV activity, performing strong potent inhibitory not only on the secretion of HBsAg (IC50?=?50.45?μM, SI?=?9.18) and HBeAg (IC50?=?50.11?μM, SI?=?9.24), but also on the HBV DNA replication (IC50?=?51.80?μM, SI?=?8.94). Besides, the synthetic compounds also displayed obvious anti-cancer activity. Moreover, the docking study of all synthesized compounds inside the related protein active site was conducted to explore the molecular interactions and a molecular target for activity using a MOE-docking technique. This study identified a new class of potent anti-HBV and anti-cancer agents.
- Liu, Sheng,Li, Yubin,Wei, Wanxing,Wei, Jingchen
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p. 1074 - 1086
(2016/07/06)
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- ANTI-HIV COMPOUNDS
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This invention provides, among other things, tetrahydroisoquinolines useful for treating viral infections, pharmaceutical formulations containing such compounds, as well as methods of inhibiting the replication of a virus, such as HIV, or treating a disease, such as AIDS.
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Paragraph 0334
(2016/07/05)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel HSP70 inhibitors: N, N′-disubstituted thiourea derivatives
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As novel heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) inhibitors, N, N′-disubstituted thiourea derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the X-ray structure of the ATPase domain (nucleotide binding domain, NBD). An ATPase activity inhibition assay revealed that these compounds effectively inhibited HSP70 ATPase activity. The results revealed that the compounds 370/371/374/379/380//392/394/397/404/405 and 407 can inhibit the HSP70 ATPase turnover with high percentages of inhibition: 50.42, 38.46, 50.45, 44.12, 47.13, 50.50, 40.95, 65.36, 46.23, 35.78, and 58.37 in 200 μM, respectively. Significant synergies with lapatinib were observed for compound 379 and compound 405 in the BT474 breast cancer cell line. A structure-function analysis revealed that most of the thiourea derivatives exhibited cooperative action with lapatinib in the BT474 cancer cell line and the BT/LapR1.0 lapatinib-resistant cell line. HSP70 inhibitors may be developed as synergetic drugs in drug-resistant cancer therapy.
- Zeng, Yan-Qun,Cao, Rui-Yuan,Yang, Jian-Ling,Li, Xing-Zhou,Li, Song,Zhong, Wu
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- Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Piperlongumine derivatives as Potential Antiplatelet Aggregation Candidate
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A series of novel piperlongumine derivatives (4a-i, 6a-i) were designed and synthesized. The inhibitory activities of platelet aggregation induced by ADP and AA in vitro have been evaluated by bron turbidimetry and liver microsomal incubated assay. The assay results show that compounds 4e and 6e exhibited remarkable potency to that of the positive control piplartine and aspirin.
- Wang, Yujun,Wang, Jie,Li, Jiaming,Zhang, Yanchun,Huang, Weijun,Zuo, Jian,Liu, Huicai,Xie, Di,Zhu, Panhu
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p. 833 - 840
(2016/05/19)
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- Design, synthesis, molecular docking studies and anti-HBV activity of phenylpropanoid derivatives
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In this work, a series of phenylpropanoid derivatives were synthesized, and their anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity was evaluated. Most of the synthesized derivatives showed effective anti-HBV activity. And compound 4d-3 showed the most effective anti-HBV activity, performing strong potent inhibitory not only on the secretion of HBsAg (IC50 = 58.28 μM, SI = 23.26) and HBeAg (IC50 = 97.21 μM, SI = 13.95), but also on the HBV DNA replication (IC50 = 42.28 μM, SI = 32.06). The structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the derivatives had been discussed, which were useful for developing phenylpropanoid derivatives as novel anti-HBV agents. Moreover, the docking study of all synthesized compounds inside the HLA-A protein (PDB ID: 3OX8) active site was carried out to explore the molecular interactions and a molecular target for activity and a modified assay method measuring the interaction between our derivatives and HBcAg was investigated, indicating that the HBV core protein might be their potential target for anti-HBV. This study identified a new class of potent non-nucleoside anti-HBV agents.
- Liu, Sheng,Li, Yubin,Wei, Wanxing,Wang, Kuiwu,Wang, Lisheng,Wang, Jianyi
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-cinnamoyl and mandelate metformin analogues
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A series of N,N-dimethyl-N1-[3-(substituted phenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]biguanides were synthesized by coupling a solution of metformin in pyridine with different cinnamoyl chloride derivatives in ether for 3 h in addition to synthesis of some five molecules of metformin-mandelates. All the synthesized cinnamoyl metformins and a few metformin-mandelates were characterized by IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopic techniques. All the synthesized compounds were also evaluated for their antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging method and nitric oxide scavenging method. All the compounds exhibited good antioxidant activity.
- Anitha Kumari,Bharathi,Prabhu,Ponnudurai
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p. 1895 - 1898
(2016/07/06)
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- Design and synthesis of a series of serine derivatives as small molecule inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus 3CL protease
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Synthesis of serine derivatives having the essential functional groups for the inhibitor of SARS 3CL protease and evaluation of their inhibitory activities using SARS 3CL R188I mutant protease are described. The lead compounds, functionalized serine derivatives, were designed based on the tetrapeptide aldehyde and Bai's cinnamoly inhibitor, and additionally performed with simulation on GOLD softwear. Structure activity relationship studies of the candidate compounds were given reasonable inhibitors ent-3 and ent-7k against SARS 3CL R188I mutant protease. These inhibitors showed protease selectivity and no cytotoxicity.
- Konno, Hiroyuki,Wakabayashi, Masaki,Takanuma, Daiki,Saito, Yota,Akaji, Kenichi
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p. 1241 - 1254
(2016/03/01)
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- Copper catalyzed oxygen assisted C(CNOH)-C(alkyl) bond cleavage: A facile conversion of aryl/aralkyl/vinyl ketones to aromatic acids
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A novel copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative C(NOH)-C(alkyl) bond cleavage reaction of aryl/aralkyl/vinyl ketones for the synthesis of aromatic/acrylic acids is described. A series of ketones having aryl/aralkyl/vinyl at the one end and methyl to any higher alkyl at the other end can be selectively cleaved and converted into the corresponding acids via oxime intermediates.
- Sathyanarayana, Pochampalli,Ravi, Owk,Muktapuram, Prathap Reddy,Bathula, Surendar Reddy
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supporting information
p. 9681 - 9685
(2015/09/28)
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- Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of phenylpropanoid derivatives as potent anti-hepatitis B virus agents
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A series of phenylpropanoid derivatives were synthesized, and their anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity was evaluated in HepG 2.2.15 cells. Most of the synthesized derivatives showed effective anti-HBV activity. Of these compounds, compound 4c-1 showed the most potent anti-HBV activity, demonstrating potent inhibitory effect not only on the secretion of HBsAg (IC50 = 14.18 μM, SI = 17.85) and HBeAg (IC50 = 6.20 μM, SI = 40.82) secretion but also HBV DNA replication (IC50 = 23.43 μM, SI = 10.80). The structureeactivity relationships (SARs) of phenylpropanoid derivatives had been discussed, which were useful for phenylpropanoid derivatives to be explored and developed as novel anti-HBV agents. Moreover, the docking study of all synthesized compounds inside the HLA-A protein (PDB ID: 3OX8) active site were carried out to explore the molecular interactions and a molecular target for activity of phenylpropanoid derivatives with the protein using a moe-docking technique. This study identified a new class of potent anti-HBV agents.
- Liu, Sheng,Wei, Wanxing,Li, Yubin,Liu, Xu,Cao, Xiaoji,Lei, Kechan,Zhou, Min
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p. 473 - 482
(2015/04/14)
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- Design, synthesis and antibacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde derivatives as inhibitors of the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ
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In an attempt to discover potential antibacterial agents against the increasing bacterial resistance, novel cinnamaldehyde derivatives as FtsZ inhibitors were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against nine significant pathogens using broth microdilution method, and their cell division inhibitory activity against four representative strains. In the in vitro antibacterial activity, the newly synthesized compounds generally displayed better efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 than the others. In particular, compounds 3, 8 and 10 exerted superior or comparable activity to all the reference drugs. In the cell division inhibitory activity, all the compounds showed the same trend as their in vitro antibacterial activity, exhibiting better activity against S. aureus ATCC25923 than the other strains. Additionally, compounds 3, 6, 7 and 8 displayed potent cell division inhibitory activity with an MIC value of below 1 1/4g/mL, over 256-fold better than all the reference drugs.
- Li, Xin,Sheng, Juzheng,Huang, Guihua,Ma, Ruixin,Yin, Fengxin,Song, Di,Zhao, Can,Ma, Shutao
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)cinnamamide derivatives as novel potential anti-tumor agents
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In this study, a series of novel N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)cinnamamide derivatives (7a-8n) were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-proliferative activities in vitro by MTT assay and a possible antitumor mechanism was also explored. SAR analysis showed that steric effects played an important role on the anti-tumor activity. The most potent analogue 8f showed excellent inhibitions on the K562, Bel7402, A549 and Jurkat cells ranging from sub-micromolar to nanomolar concentration. Compound 8f inhibited Jurkat cells with an IC50 value of 0.035 μM with no apparent toxicity in different non-cancerous cells. Furthermore, it was suggested that the possible mechanism of 8f might be associated with inducing cancer cell apoptosis following flow cytometer analysis and Hoechst 33358 staining assays.
- Luo, Yong,Zhu, Yongxia,Ran, Kai,Liu, Zhihao,Wang, Ningyu,Feng, Qiang,Zeng, Jun,Zhang, Lidan,He, Bing,Ye, Tinghong,Zhu, Shirui,Qiu, Xiaolong,Yu, Luoting
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supporting information
p. 1036 - 1042
(2015/06/25)
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- Synthesis of Piperlongumine Analogues and Discovery of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Activators as Potential Neuroprotective Agents
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The cellular antioxidant system plays key roles in blocking or retarding the pathogenesis of adult neurodegenerative disorders as elevated oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of such diseases. Molecules with the ability in enhancing the antioxidant defense thus are promising candidates as neuroprotective agents. We reported herein the synthesis of piperlongumine analogues and evaluation of their cytoprotection against hydrogen peroxide- and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cell oxidative damage in the neuron-like PC12 cells. The structure-activity relationship was delineated after the cytotoxicity and protection screening. Two compounds (4 and 5) displayed low cytotoxicity and confer potent protection of PC12 cells from the oxidative injury via upregulation of a panel of cellular antioxidant molecules. Genetically silencing the transcription factor Nrf2, a master regulator of the cellular stress responses, suppresses the cytoprotection, indicating the critical involvement of Nrf2 for the cellular action of compounds 4 and 5 in PC12 cells.
- Peng, Shoujiao,Zhang, Baoxin,Meng, Xianke,Yao, Juan,Fang, Jianguo
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p. 5242 - 5255
(2015/08/03)
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- Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 4'3-O-(trans-β-arylacrylamido)carbamoyl azithromycin analogs
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Novel 4'3-O-(trans-β-arylacrylamido)carbamoyl azithromycin analogs were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against nine significant pathogens using broth microdilution method. A majority of these derivatives maintained the activity of azithromycin against susceptible Streptococcus pyogenes and all the compounds demonstrated remarkably improved activity compared with the references against all the three phenotypes of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. In particular, compound 24 exhibited the most potent activity against susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.5 μg/mL), S. pneumoniae (MIC = 0.06 μg/mL) and S. pyogenes (MIC = 0.25 μg/mL). The most active compound 7 (MIC = 0.015 μg/mL) against resistant S. pneumoniae expressing the mefA gene, exhibited 512 and 256-fold more potent activity than erythromycin and azithromycin, respectively. Compounds 28 (MIC = 0.5 μg/mL), 29 (MIC = 0.25 μg/mL) and 30 (MIC = 0.5 μg/mL) demonstrated potent activity against resistant S. pneumoniae expressing the ermB gene, which were 256, 512 and 256-fold better than the references, respectively.
- Yan, Mi,Ma, Xiaodong,Dong, Ruiqian,Li, Xin,Zhao, Can,Guo, Zhenzhen,Shen, Yan,Liu, Fang,Ma, Ruixin,Ma, Shutao
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p. 506 - 515
(2015/10/06)
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- Solvolysis, Electrochemistry, and Development of Synthetic Building Blocks from Sawdust
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Either aldehyde or cinnamyl ether products can be selectively extracted from raw sawdust by controlling the temperature and pressure of a solvolysis reaction. These materials have been used as platform chemicals for the synthesis of 15 different synthetic substrates. The conversion of the initial sawdust-derived materials into electron-rich aryl substrates often requires the use of oxidation and reduction chemistry, and the role electrochemistry can play as a sustainable method for these transformations has been defined.
- Nguyen, Bichlien H.,Perkins, Robert J.,Smith, Jake A.,Moeller, Kevin D.
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p. 11953 - 11962
(2016/01/09)
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- Design, synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel imatinib amide derivatives that target Abl kinase
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Novel imatinib amide derivatives (a1-28, b1-9) were synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities. All compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. Among all the derivatives, compounds a4, a10, a21, b1 and b2 displayed the most significant ability of inhibiting K562 cell proliferation with the IC50 values of 0.67, 0.66, 0.65, 0.59 and 0.62 μM, respectively, indicating that these compounds were potent inhibitors of Bcr-Abl in leukemic K562 cells, comparable to the reference compound imatinib. Molecular docking study was performed to position compounds a21 and b1 into the active site of Abl to determine the probable binding modes
- Yao, Ri-Sheng,Guan, Qiu-Xiang,Lu, Xiao-Qin,Ruan, Ban-Feng
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- Design and synthesis of N-acylated aza-goniothalamin derivatives and evaluation of their in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity
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Herein we describe the synthesis of a focused library of compounds based on the structure of goniothalamin (1) and the evaluation of the potential antitumor activity of the compounds. N-Acylation of aza-goniothalamin (2) restored the in vitro antiproliferative activity of this family of compounds. 1- (E)-But-2-enoyl-6-styryl-5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one (18) displayed enhanced antiproliferative activity. Both goniothalamin (1) and derivative 18 led to reactive oxygen species generation in PC-3 cells, which was probably a signal for caspase-dependent apoptosis. Treatment with derivative 18 promoted Annexin V/7-aminoactinomycin D double staining, which indicated apoptosis, and also led to G2/M cell-cycle arrest. In vivo studies in Ehrlich ascitic and solid tumor models confirmed the antitumor activity of goniothalamin (1), without signs of toxicity. However, derivative 18 exhibited an unexpectedly lower in vivo antitumor activity, despite the treatments being administered at the same site of inoculation. Contrary to its in vitro profile, aza-goniothalamin (2) inhibited Ehrlich tumor growth, both on the ascitic and solid forms. Our findings highlight the importance of in vivo studies in the search for new candidates for cancer treatment.
- Barcelos, Rosimeire Coura,Pastre, Julio Cezar,Vendramini-Costa, Dbora Barbosa,Caixeta, Vanessa,Longato, Giovanna Barbarini,Monteiro, Paula Araffljo,De Carvalho, Joo Ernesto,Pilli, Ronaldo Aloise
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p. 2725 - 2743
(2015/02/02)
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- Design, synthesis and biological activity of piperlongumine derivatives as selective anticancer agents
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In an effort to expand the structure-activity relationship of the natural anticancer compound piperlongumine, we have prepared sixteen novel piperlongumine derivatives with halogen or morpholine substituents at C2 and alkyl substituents at C7. Most of 2-halogenated piperlongumines showed potent in vitro activity against four cancer cells and modest selectivity for lung normal cells. The highly active anticancer compound 11h exhibited obvious ROS elevation and excellent in vivo antitumor potency with suppressed tumor growth by 48.58% at the dose of 2 mg/kg. The results indicated that halogen substituents as electrophilic group at C2 played an important role in increasing cytotoxicity.
- Wu, Yuelin,Min, Xiao,Zhuang, Chunlin,Li, Jin,Yu, Zhiliang,Dong, Guoqiang,Yao, Jiangzhong,Wang, Shengzheng,Liu, Yang,Wu, Shanchao,Zhu, Shiping,Sheng, Chunquan,Wei, Yunyang,Zhang, Huojun,Zhang, Wannian,Miao, Zhenyuan
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p. 545 - 551
(2014/07/07)
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- Concise and efficient synthesis of cinepazide
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An efficient synthesis of cinepazide has been carried out in four steps with an overall yield of 51%. The synthesis was started from a commercially available 3,4,5-tri-methoxy benzaldehyde. All the reactions were very clean and the isolation of products was also very easy.
- Nagaiah,Narsaiah, A. Venkat
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supporting information
p. 1227 - 1231
(2014/04/17)
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- A simple synthesis of trans-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamamides and evaluation of their biologic activity
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A simple synthesis and biologic evaluation of trans-3,4,5- trimethoxycinnamamides 10a-e and 11 as novel antinarcotic agents is described. The synthetic key strategies involve condensation reaction and coupling reaction to generate trans-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamamides 10a-e and 11. They were evaluated for free radical scavenging, inhibitory action for neurotoxicity in cultured neurons, and antinarcotic activity in mice. It was found that compounds 10a, 10d, and 10e displayed significant inhibitory action of the glutamate-induced neurotoxicity and 10a-e and 11 showed high antinarcotic activity in mice.
- Jung, Jae-Chul,Min, Dongguk,Lim, Heena,Moon, Sohyeon,Jung, Mankil,Oh, Seikwan
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p. 4615 - 4621
(2013/09/23)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of new piplartine analogues as potent aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs)
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As a continuation of our efforts directed towards the development of anti-diabetic agents from natural sources, piplartine was isolated from Piper chaba, and was found to inhibit recombinant human ALR2 with an IC50 of 160 μM. To improve the efficacy, a series of analogues have been synthesized by modification of the styryl/aromatic and heterocyclic ring functionalities of this natural product lead. All the derivatives were tested for their ALR2 inhibitory activity, and results indicated that adducts 3c, 3e and 2j prepared by the Michael addition of piplartine with indole derivatives displayed potent ARI activity, while the other compounds displayed varying degrees of inhibition. The active compounds were also capable of preventing sorbitol accumulation in human red blood cells.
- Rao, Vidadala Ramasubba,Muthenna, Puppala,Shankaraiah, Gundeti,Akileshwari, Chandrasekhar,Babu, Kothapalli Hari,Suresh, Ganji,Babu, Katragadda Suresh,Chandra Kumar, Rotte Sateesh,Prasad, Kothakonda Rajendra,Yadav, Potharaju Ashok,Petrash, J. Mark,Reddy, Geereddy Bhanuprakash,Rao, Janaswamy Madhusudana
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p. 344 - 361
(2013/01/15)
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- FLAVAN-3-OL CONTAINING FOODSTUFFS
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The use of a compound for the reduction or elimination of bitterness caused by flavan-3-ols is provided. Compositions having greater than 0.01 wt % flavan-3-ols and that comprise an effective amount of the compound are also provided. The compound conforms to the general formula (I): wherein R1 represents C2-C3 saturated or unsaturated divalent hydrocarbon radical, n is an integer from 0 to 3, and each X is independently selected from C1-C3 alkyloxy and OH; and wherein if n is 0 then R1 is C3 saturated divalent hydrocarbon radical or C2-C3 unsaturated divalent hydrocarbon radical; and wherein if n is greater than 0 then the compound has formula (II)
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- Synthesis of diverse analogues of Oenostacin and their antibacterial activities
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Several diverse analogues of Oenostacin, a naturally occurring potent antibacterial phenolic acid derivative, have been synthesized. A small library with more than forty analogues having different aromatic rings and varied side chains has been achieved through solution phase synthesis. Some of these analogues, that is, 22, 23 and 42, possessed potent antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus having EC50 ranging from 0.49 to 0.67 μM as compared to Oenostacin (EC50 = 0.12 μM).
- Srivastava, Vandana,Darokar, Mahendra P.,Fatima, Atiya,Kumar,Chowdhury, Chinmay,Saxena, Hari Om,Dwivedi, Gaurav R.,Shrivastava, Kunal,Gupta, Vivek,Chattopadhyay,Luqman, Suaib,Gupta,Negi, Arvind S.,Khanuja, Suman P.S.
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p. 518 - 525
(2008/03/12)
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- One-pot two-step synthesis of 4-vinylphenols from 4-hydroxy substituted benzaldehydes under microwave irradiation: a new perspective on the classical Knoevenagel-Doebner reaction
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The classical Knoevenagel-Doebner reaction is reinvestigated wherein the direct synthesis of substituted 4-vinylphenols instead of the expected 4-hydroxycinnamic acids is described. The condensation reaction is performed on 4-hydroxy substituted benzaldehydes and malonic acid with a mixture of acetic acid-piperidine as condensing agent under focused microwave irradiation. The occurrence of simultaneous condensation-double decarboxylation without the use of any decarboxylating agent is a new finding, the reaction being facilitated solely by the hydroxy substituent and microwave irradiation effect.
- Sinha, Arun K.,Sharma, Anuj,Joshi, Bhupendra P.
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p. 960 - 965
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of a natural ester sintenin and its synthetic analogues
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Synthesis of 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propyl-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) propanoate (18), a cytotoxic natural ester, was carried out by a convenient synthetic path with a total yield of 49%. Sixteen of its analogues (19-34) were also prepared. Seventeen unsaturated derivatives of 18, compounds 1-17, were also synthesized to examine the structure-activity relationship of this type of ester. All of the synthetic compounds were passed through the cytotoxicity screenings on human tumor cell lines, such as PC-3, Hela, A549, BEL7404, CNE, and KB. Some of the esters exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on these tumor cell lines. The phenolic derivatives exhibited the highest cytotoxicity among these derivatives, while the unsaturated esters were more cytotoxic than the saturated analogues. Some of the compounds also exhibited inhibition on α-glucosidase.
- Hu, Li Hong,Zou, Hong Bin,Gong, Jing Xu,Li, Hai Bo,Yang, Lei Xiang,Cheng, Wei,Zhou, Chang Xin,Bai, Hua,Gueritte, Francoise,Zhao, Yu
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p. 342 - 348
(2007/10/03)
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- Competitive formation of β-amino acids, propenoic, and ylidenemalonic acids by the Rodionov reaction from malonic acid, aldehydes, and ammonium acetate in alcoholic medium
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The Rodionov reaction of 49 available aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes with malonic acid and ammonium acetate in alcoholic medium, resulting in formation of β-amino acids, propenoic, and ylidenemalonic acids, was studied. Certain regioselectivity regularities of the reaction were revealed. Among the variety of ketones studied, cyclohexanone is the only whose reaction yields a β-amino acid. Unusual dehydrofluorination of 6-chloro-2-fluorocinnamic acid under the Rodionov reaction was discovered. 2005 Pleiades Publishing, Inc.
- Lebedev,Lebedeva,Sheludyakov,Kovaleva,Ustinova,Kozhevnikov
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p. 1113 - 1124
(2007/10/03)
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- Microwave induced process for the preparation of substituted 4-vinylphenols
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The present invention relates to “a microwave induced process for the preparation of 4-vinylphenols or its derivatives” in which commercially important FEMA GRAS approved perfumery and flavouring vinylphenols (i.e. hydroxystyrenes) namely 4-vinylguaiacol (FEMA GRAS No. 2675) and 4-vinylphenol (FEMA GRAS No. 3739) as well as other useful vinylphenols such as 2,6-dimethoxy-4-vinylphenol, 2-hydroxy-4-vinylphenol, 3-hydroxy-4-vinylphenol etc. by condensation of malonic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylaldehydes or its derivatives.
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- A Rapid and Efficient Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Substituted 3-Phenylpropionic Acids from Benzaldehydes in Minutes
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A convenient, inexpensive, and efficient synthesis of 3-phenylpropionic acids (1a-1f) by reacting benzaldehyde (2a-2f) and malonic acid in acetic acid and piperidine into cinnamic acid (3a-3f) in 77 to 89% followed by its reduction with PdCl2 in the biphase of formic acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide is reported under microwave irradiation which utilizes short reaction time ranging 5 to 7 min to provide 1a-1f in moderate to high yield (69-86%) depending upon methoxy, methylenedioxy, and hydroxy groups present at the phenyl ring.
- Sharma, Anuj,Joshi, Bhupendra P.,Sinha, Arun K.
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p. 1186 - 1187
(2007/10/03)
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- Cytotoxic N-[4-(3-aryl-3-oxo-1-propenyl)phenylcarbonyl]-3,5-bis(phenylmethylene)-4- piperidones and related compounds
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A series of 4-carboxychalcones 1 were prepared and coupled to 3,5-bis(phenylmethylene)-4-piperidone (2) giving rise to a novel series of N-[4-(3-aryl-3-oxo-1-propenyl)phenylcarbonyl]-3,5-bis(phenylmethylene)-4- piperidones (3). Molecular simplification of the amides 3 led to the formation of the corresponding N-(3-aryl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)-3,5-bis(phenylmethylene)-4-piperidones (4). A cytotoxic evaluation of the compounds in series 1-4 utilized murine P388 and L1210 cells as well as human Molt 4/C8 and CEM T-lymphocytes. In general, the compounds displayed significant toxicity; the IC50 values of 54% of the enones were less than 10 μM when all four screens were considered and less than 1 μM for all members of series 3 in the P388 assay. Various correlations were established between the potencies of the compounds in series 1, 3 and 4 and the Hammett σ, Hansch π and molecular refractivity constants of the aryl substituents. Several torsion angles and interatomic distances of five representative compounds in series 3 and 4 were determined by X-ray crystallography, some of which contributed to the observed bioactivity. The marked cytotoxicity and lack of murine toxicity of most of the compounds described in this study, as well as their selective toxicity towards different tumour cell lines, revealed that development of the enones 2-4 as novel candidate antineoplastic agents should be pursued.
- Dimmock, Jonathan R.,Jha, Amitabh,Zello, Gordon A.,Quail, J. Wilson,Oloo, Eliud O.,Nienaber, Kurt H.,Kowalczyk, Earl S.,Allen, Theresa M.,Santos, Cheryl L.,De Clercq, Erik,Balzarini, Jan,Manavathu, Elias K.,Stables, James P.
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p. 961 - 972
(2007/10/03)
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- A new synthesis of podophyllum lignans by Weitz' aminium salt-induced free radical cycloaddition reaction of a doubly unsaturated ester
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(±)-Isopodophyllotoxin (1e) and related lactones 12, 13, 14 were synthesized by a biomimetic procedure from the doubly unsaturated esters 11a and 11b by means of an oxidative free radical cycloaddition reaction utilizing a stable cation radical salt, Weitz' aminium salt, in one step. (±)-Isopicropodophyllin (1g), the trans-fused lactones, 12, 13, and 16, and the cis-fused lactone 17 were also synthesized from the esters 11c and 11d by the reaction with the same reagent.
- Ara,Takeya,Tobinaga
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p. 1977 - 1984
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of tetrahydrofurocarbozolones via intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions
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10-Aryl-3a,4,10,10a-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]carbazol-1-ones were synthesized by an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. Exo/endo product ratios were found to be sensitive to both solvent and temperature. The synthesis of isoelliptitoxin 2, a hybrid molecule
- Madalengoitia,Macdonald
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p. 6237 - 6240
(2007/10/02)
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