- Structural modification of the aryl sulfonate ester of cjoc42 for enhanced gankyrin binding and anti-cancer activity
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Gankyrin is an oncogenic protein involved in various biological processes, such as cellular growth and proliferation. Its overexpression in certain cancers results in an increase of gankyrin-mediated protein-protein interactions (PPIs), leading to cancer proliferation. To date, only one small molecule (cjoc42) has been identified to bind gankyrin, which simultaneously inhibits its interaction with the 26S proteasome. Despite this advance, 2nd generation inhibitors are needed to improve gankyrin binding and cellular efficacy. To this end, an extensive SAR for the aryl sulfonate ester moiety of the cjoc42 scaffold was explored, and showed that substitutions at the 2-, 3-, and 4-positions manifested significant increases in gankyrin binding, resulting in the most potent binders of gankyrin to date. Subsequent cell-based assay evaluation of our derivatives demonstrated antiproliferative activity against pediatric liver cancer cell lines Hep3B and HepG2, which was not previously observed for cjoc42.
- Kanabar, Dipti,Farrales, Pamela,Gnanamony, Manu,Almasri, Joseph,Abo-Ali, Ehab M.,Otmankel, Younos,Shah, Henna,Nguyen, Dawn,El Menyewi, Mark,Dukhande, Vikas V.,D'Souza, Amber,Muth, Aaron
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Read Online
- Cu-Click Compatible Triazabutadienes to Expand the Scope of Aryl Diazonium Ion Chemistry
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Triazabutadienes can be used to readily generate reactive aryl diazonium ions under mild, physiologically relevant conditions. These conditions are compatible with a range of functionalities that do not tolerate traditional aryl diazonium ion generation. To increase the utility of this aryl diazonium ion releasing chemistry an alkyne-containing triazabutadiene was synthesized. The copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition ("Cu-click") reaction was utilized to modify the alkyne-containing triazabutadiene and shown to be compatible with the nitrogen-rich triazabutadiene. One of the triazole products was tethered to a fluorophore, thus enabling the direct fluorescent labeling of a model protein.
- Cornali, Brandon M.,Kimani, Flora W.,Jewett, John C.
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- White-Light Emission from Dual-Way Photon Energy Conversion in a Dye-Encapsulated Metal–Organic Framework
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The design of white-light phosphors is attractive in solid-state lighting (SSL) and related fields. A new strategy in obtaining white light emission (WLE) from dual-way photon energy conversion in a series of dye?MOF (LIFM-WZ-6) systems is presented. Besi
- Wang, Zheng,Zhu, Cheng-Yi,Mo, Jun-Ting,Fu, Peng-Yan,Zhao, Yan-Wu,Yin, Shao-Yun,Jiang, Ji-Jun,Pan, Mei,Su, Cheng-Yong
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Read Online
- Europium-Based Metal-Organic Framework as a Dual Luminescence Sensor for the Selective Detection of the Phosphate Anion and Fe3+ Ion in Aqueous Media
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A new three-dimensional europium-based metal-organic framework has been synthesized with the newly designed ligand L (6-[1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]nicotinic acid). This compound acts as a dual sensor for the phosphate anion and Fe3+ ion in aqueous media. The mechanistic aspect of this selectivity and sensitivity was explored through several spectroscopic methods and then correlated with the corresponding structure.
- Chandra Rao, Purna,Mandal, Sukhendu
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Read Online
- Benzimidazole–galactosides bind selectively to the Galectin-8 N-Terminal domain: Structure-based design and optimisation
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We have obtained the X-ray crystal structure of the galectin-8 N-terminal domain (galectin-8N) with a previously reported quinoline–galactoside ligand at a resolution of 1.6 ?. Based on this X-ray structure, a collection of galactosides derivatised at O3 with triazole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, and benzoxazole moieties were designed and synthesised. This led to the discovery of a 3-O-(N-methylbenzimidazolylmethyl)–galactoside with a Kd of 1.8 μM for galectin-8N, the most potent selective synthetic galectin-8N ligand to date. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that benzimidazole–galactoside derivatives bind the non-conserved amino acid Gln47, accounting for the higher selectivity for galectin-8N. Galectin-8 is a carbohydrate-binding protein that plays a key role in pathological lymphangiogenesis, modulation of the immune system, and autophagy. Thus, the benzimidazole-derivatised galactosides represent promising compounds for studies of the pathological implications of galectin-8, as well as a starting point for the development of anti-tumour and anti-inflammatory therapeutics targeting galectin-8.
- Hassan, Mujtaba,van Klaveren, Sjors,H?kansson, Maria,Diehl, Carl,Kova?i?, Rebeka,Baussière, Floriane,Sundin, Anders P.,Dernov?ek, Jaka,Walse, Bj?rn,Zetterberg, Fredrik,Leffler, Hakon,Anderluh, Marko,Toma?i?, Tihomir,Jakopin, ?iga,Nilsson, Ulf J.
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- A general procedure for carbon isotope labeling of linear urea derivatives with carbon dioxide
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Carbon isotope labeling is a traceless technology, which allows tracking the fate of organic compounds either in the environment or in living organisms. This article reports on a general approach to label urea derivatives with all carbon isotopes, including14C and11C, based on a Staudinger aza-Wittig sequence. It provides access to all aliphatic/aromatic urea combinations.
- Babin, Victor,Sallustrau, Antoine,Loreau, Olivier,Caillé, Fabien,Goudet, Amélie,Cahuzac, Hélo?se,Del Vecchio, Antonio,Taran, Frédéric,Audisio, Davide
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supporting information
p. 6680 - 6683
(2021/07/12)
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- Discovery and structure-activity relationship studies of 1-aryl-1H-naphtho[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazole-4,9-dione derivatives as potent dual inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and trytophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO)
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Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), which mediate kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation, have emerged as potential new targets in immunotherapy for treatment of cancer because of their critical role in immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. In this investigation, we report the structural optimization and structure-activity relationship studies of 1-phenyl-1H-naphtho[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazole-4,9-dione derivatives as a new class of IDO1/TDO dual inhibitors. Among all the obtained dual inhibitors, 1-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-1H-naphtho[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazole-4,9-dione (38) displayed the most potent IDO1 and TDO inhibitory activities with IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) values of 5 nM for IDO1 and 4 nM for TDO. It turned out that compound 38 was not a PAINS compound. Compound 38 could efficiently inhibit the biofunction of IDO1 and TDO in intact cells. In LL2 (Lewis lung cancer) and Hepa1-6 (hepatic carcinoma) allograft mouse models, this compound also showed considerable in vivo anti-tumor activity and no obvious toxicity was observed. Therefore, 38 could be a good lead compound for cancer immunotherapy and deserving further investigation.
- Pan, Shulei,Zhou, Yangli,Wang, Qiusheng,Wang, Yanlin,Tian, Chenyu,Wang, Tianqi,Huang, Luyi,Nan, Jinshan,Li, Linli,Yang, Shengyong
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- Chan-Lam-type Azidation and One-Pot CuAAC under CuI-Zeolite Catalysis
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The copper(I)-exchanged zeolite CuI-USY proved to efficiently catalyze the direct azidation of arylboronic acids with sodium azide under simple and practical conditions, namely at room temperature under air with methanol as solvent and without any additive. This easy-to-prepare and cheap catalytic material has been demonstrated to be recyclable and the mild azidation conditions further showed good functional-group tolerance, leading to a variety of substituted (hetero)aryl azides (18 examples). Interestingly, the azidation reaction has been successfully coupled to a CuAAC reaction, thus allowing access to triazoles from arylboronic acids via a one-pot CuI-catalyzed process.
- Clerc, Arnaud,Bénéteau, Valérie,Pale, Patrick,Chassaing, Stefan
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p. 2060 - 2065
(2020/03/03)
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- New α-Hydroxy-1,2,3-triazoles and 9H-Fluorenes-1,2,3-triazoles: H Synthesis and Evaluation as Glycine Transporter 1 Inhibitors
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Two series of new compounds containing 1,2,3-triazole moiety were designed as putative GlyT1 inhibitors aiming the discovery of new hits with activity in cognitive disorders. 1,4-Disubstituted α-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazoles were obtained as racemates in moderate to good yields by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction (click chemistry) as the key step between propargyl alcohols and aryl azides, previously prepared from anilines or boronic acids. Benzo[c]chromene-triazoles were planned to be obtained by palladium-catalyzed C?H activation using [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene] (PhI(TFA)2) of some α-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazoles, since benzo[c]chromenes are also privileged groups with several biological activities, including to the central nervous system. Unexpectedly, 9H-fluorenes-1,2,3-triazoles, instead of benzo[c]chromenetriazoles, were obtained by Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction. The two series of compounds were tested for inhibition of the glycine transporter (rat GlyT1 isoform) but only the α-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazole 9b was active (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 8.0 μM).
- Buarque, Camilla D.,Guimar?es, Marilia Z.,López?Corcuera, Beatriz,Neto, Jo?o Gon?alves,No?l, Fran?ois,Silva, Rafaela R.,da Silva, Veronica D.
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p. 1258 - 1269
(2020/10/14)
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- Synthesis and spectral properties of 6′-triazolyl-dihydroxanthene-hemicyanine fused near-infrared dyes
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We describe the synthesis of a range of 6′-triazolyl-dihydroxanthene-hemicyanine (DHX-hemicyanine) fused dyes through an effective copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) "click"reaction, with the aim of providing molecular diversity and evaluating the spectral properties of these near-infrared (NIR)-active materials. This was implemented by reacting 15 different aliphatic and aromatic azides with a terminal alkynyl-based DHX-hemicyanine hybrid scaffold prepared in four steps and 35% overall yield from 4-bromosalicylaldehyde. The resulting triazole derivatives have been fully characterized and their optical properties determined both in organic solvents and under simulated physiological conditions (phosphate buffered saline containing 5% of bovine serum albumin protein). This systematic study is a first important step towards the development of NIR-I fluorogenic "click-on"dyes or related photoactive agents for light-based diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications.
- Gu, Lingyue,Renault, Kévin,Romieu, Anthony,Richard, Jean-Alexandre,Srinivasan, Rajavel
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supporting information
p. 12208 - 12215
(2020/07/30)
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- Identification and structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of carvacrol derivatives as potential anti-malarial against Plasmodium falciparum falcipain-2 protease
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In an effort to develop a potent anti-malarial agent against Plasmodium falciparum, a structure-guided virtual screening using an in-house library comprising 652 compounds was performed. By docking studies, we identified two compounds (JMI-105 and JMI-346
- Uddin, Amad,Singh, Vigyasa,Irfan, Iram,Mohammad, Taj,Singh Hada, Rahul,Imtaiyaz Hassan, Md,Abid, Mohammad,Singh, Shailja
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- Fragment-Based Discovery of a Qualified Hit Targeting the Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen of the Oncogenic Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus 8
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The latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) is required for latent replication and persistence of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8. It acts via replicating and tethering the virus episome to the host chromatin and exerts other functions. We conceived a new approach for the discovery of antiviral drugs to inhibit the interaction between LANA and the viral genome. We applied a biophysical screening cascade and identified the first LANA binders from small, structurally diverse compound libraries. Starting from a fragment-sized scaffold, we generated optimized hits via fragment growing using a dedicated fluorescence-polarization-based assay as the structure-activity-relationship driver. We improved compound potency to the double-digit micromolar range. Importantly, we qualified the resulting hit through orthogonal methods employing EMSA, STD-NMR, and MST methodologies. This optimized hit provides an ideal starting point for subsequent hit-to-lead campaigns providing evident target-binding, suitable ligand efficiencies, and favorable physicochemical properties.
- Kirsch, Philine,Jakob, Valentin,Oberhausen, Kevin,Stein, Saskia C.,Cucarro, Ivano,Schulz, Thomas F.,Empting, Martin
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- Fragment-Based Discovery of a Qualified Hit Targeting the Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen of the Oncogenic Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus 8
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The latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) is required for latent replication and persistence of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8. It acts via replicating and tethering the virus episome to the host chromatin and exerts other functions. We conceived a new approach for the discovery of antiviral drugs to inhibit the interaction between LANA and the viral genome. We applied a biophysical screening cascade and identified the first LANA binders from small, structurally diverse compound libraries. Starting from a fragment-sized scaffold, we generated optimized hits via fragment growing using a dedicated fluorescence-polarization-based assay as the structure-activity-relationship driver. We improved compound potency to the double-digit micromolar range. Importantly, we qualified the resulting hit through orthogonal methods employing EMSA, STD-NMR, and MST methodologies. This optimized hit provides an ideal starting point for subsequent hit-to-lead campaigns providing evident target-binding, suitable ligand efficiencies, and favorable physicochemical properties.
- Kirsch, Philine,Jakob, Valentin,Oberhausen, Kevin,Stein, Saskia C.,Cucarro, Ivano,Schulz, Thomas F.,Empting, Martin
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p. 3924 - 3939
(2019/05/06)
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- Investigating the Impact of Conformational Molecular Engineering on the Crystal Packing of Cavity Forming Porphyrins
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Herein we report the synthesis of 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl-(X)-substituted-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrins (OETArXPs) and a structural investigation of their solid-state properties via small molecule X-ray diffraction. A series of halogen (fluorine to iodine), nitrogenous (azido, cyano), alkyl (TMS-acetylene and acetylene), and chained (benzyloxy) porphyrins were chosen as the initial target molecules. Following this, a selection of tetravalent metal complexes [Cu(II), Ni(II), and Pd(II)] based on these porphyrins were synthesized to allow for an investigation of the effects of metal complexes on the structural properties of these highly substituted porphyrins. The size of the halogen atom affects the potential of intermolecular interactions and the resulting crystal packing in these 4-halo-OETArXP complexes. The fluorine series have an equal preference for alkyl or aryl groups (ortho-hydrogen), the chlorine series favor interactions between the alkyl groups, and the bromine appears to favor the aryl (ortho- and meta-hydrogens). This results in an extensive cupping pattern in the unit cell. For the 2,6-halo-OETArXP it was established that the change in position alters the types of the intermolecular contacts toward face-to-edge or face-to-face interactions and alters the packing patterns observed. Within the 4-benzyloxy-OETArXP series the meso-substituent favors interacting with the core of the porphyrin macrocycle. The 4-cyano-OETArXP is a suitable hydrogen-bond acceptor and results in an interesting Z-shape network. Additionally, it was highlighted that solvent effects play a much larger role in crystal packing than intermolecular/intramolecular interaction or metal(II) center substitution. This is accompanied by a study using both the azide- and acetylene-OETArXPs as a base molecule to allow for a quick one-step reaction for the generation of a variety of functionalized compounds. Using a copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction, we were able to append hydrogen bonding functionalities to the OETArXPs framework in high yields. The crystal packing images included in this work shows the potential to create selective and functional receptor sites based on free base porphyrins. However, insofar as analytical measurements indicate, the design of such a free base porphyrin through crystal engineering has not yet been realized. The variety of porphyrin packing arrangements herein indicates the need for further studies.
- Flanagan, Keith J.,Twamley, Brendan,Senge, Mathias O.
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p. 15769 - 15787
(2019/12/11)
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- Design, synthesis and anti-platelet aggregation activity study of ginkgolide-1,2,3-triazole derivatives
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Ginkgolides are the major active component of Ginkgo biloba for inhibition of platelet activating factor receptor. An azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition reaction was used to introduce a triazole nucleus into the target ginkgolide molecules. A series of ginkgolide-1,2,3-triazole conjugates with varied functional groups including benzyl, phenyl and heterocycle moieties was thus synthesized. Many of the designed derivatives showed potent antiplatelet aggregation activities with IC50 values of 5~21 nM.
- Cui, Jian,Hu, Lean,Shi, Wei,Cui, Guozhen,Zhang, Xumu,Zhang, Qing-Wen
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- Synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole based polycarboxylic acid functionalised ligands for MOF systems
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Copper catalysed click reactions are excellent tools to generate various 1,2,3-triazole linked polytopic aromatic carboxylates. The general reaction route involves protection of the carboxylates before proceeding with the click reaction. These polycarboxylate azoles are conveniently prepared for potential utility as novel key building blocks for metal organic frameworks. In one case, the ligand crystallises into a solid structure containing 1D, 2D and 3D features, based on a zigzag 1D structure, a ‘chicken mesh’-like 2D structure and a 3D structure with very well-defined channels.
- Belay, Yonas,Coetzee, Louis-Charl,Williams, D. Bradley G.,Muller, Alfred
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supporting information
p. 501 - 503
(2019/01/14)
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- Functionalized metal-organic framework compounds, complexes formed therefrom, and methods of preparation and use thereof
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The invention discloses a functionalized metal-organic framework compounds, complexes formed therefrom, and methods of preparation and use thereof, wherein the molecular formula of the functionalizedmetal-organic framework compound is C36H22N7O4Zn, and th
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Paragraph 0070-0071; 0074-0075
(2019/10/01)
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- Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (RhAAC) of Internal Alkynylphosphonates with High Regioselectivities under Mild Conditions
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A regioselective method to access fully substituted 1,2,3-triazolyl-4-phosphonates from the internal alkynylphosphonates by rhodium(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (RhAAC) under mild conditions is reported. This approach is water and air compatible and has a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, high yields and excellent regioselectivities. Fully substituted 1,2,3-triazolyl-4-phosphonates are directly prepared from the internal alkynylphosphonates by RhAAC with high 1,4-regioselectivities. The gram-scale preparation, application to carbohydrate synthesis and the solid-phase synthesis of triazolyl-4-phosphonates are highlights of this method. (Figure presented.).
- Song, Wangze,Zheng, Nan,Li, Ming,Ullah, Karim,Zheng, Yubin
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supporting information
p. 2429 - 2434
(2018/05/30)
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- Chemoselective Rapid Azo-Coupling Reaction for Bioconjugation
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Novel biomolecular conjugates containing non-natural aromatic chemical moieties covalently coupled to a diazonium compound and methods of their use are disclosed.
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- Catalytic Azoarene Synthesis from Aryl Azides Enabled by a Dinuclear Ni Complex
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Azoarenes are valuable chromophores that have been extensively incorporated as photoswitchable elements in molecular machines and biologically active compounds. Here, we report a catalytic nitrene dimerization reaction that provides access to structurally and electronically diverse azoarenes. The reaction utilizes aryl azides as nitrene precursors and generates only gaseous N2 as a byproduct. By circumventing the use of a stoichiometric redox reagent, a broad range of organic functional groups are tolerated, and common byproducts of current methods are avoided. A catalyst featuring a Ni - Ni bond is found to be uniquely effective relative to those containing only a single Ni center. The mechanistic origins of this nuclearity effect are described.
- Powers, Ian G.,Andjaba, John M.,Luo, Xuyi,Mei, Jianguo,Uyeda, Christopher
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supporting information
p. 4110 - 4118
(2018/03/29)
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- An Admix Approach to Determine Counter Anion Effects on Metal-Free Arylation Reactions with Diaryliodonium Salts
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A method to determine the effect of counter anions in metal-free arylation reactions of diaryliodonium salts is described. This approach avoids the independent synthesis of individual diaryliodonium salts and potentially enables assessment of a large number of different counter anions, including those that are synthetically challenging to install. Diaryliodonium tosylate salts serve as a general precursor for this approach, and an azide arylation reaction was used to develop this strategy. Further optimization and representative scope of azide arylation is demonstrated in yields that range from 74-95% (89% average). The use of this method as a screening tool has also been validated with arylation reactions of three different nucleophiles employing diphenyliodonium tosylate.
- Seidl, Thomas L.,Stuart, David R.
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p. 11765 - 11771
(2017/11/24)
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- A Chemoselective Rapid Azo-Coupling Reaction (CRACR) for Unclickable Bioconjugation
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Chemoselective modification of complex biomolecules has become a cornerstone of chemical biology. Despite the exciting developments of the past two decades, the demand for new chemoselective reactions with unique abilities, and those compatible with existing chemistries for concurrent multisite-directed labeling, remains high. Here we show that 5-hydroxyindoles exhibit remarkably high reactivity toward aromatic diazonium ions and this reaction can be used to chemoselectively label proteins. We have previously genetically encoded the noncanonical amino acid 5-hydroxytryptophan in both E. coli and eukaryotes, enabling efficient site-specific incorporation of 5-hydroxyindole into virtually any protein. The 5-hydroxytryptophan residue was shown to allow rapid, chemoselective protein modification using the azo-coupling reaction, and the utility of this bioconjugation strategy was further illustrated by generating a functional antibody-fluorophore conjugate. Although the resulting azo-linkage is otherwise stable, we show that it can be efficiently cleaved upon treatment with dithionite. Our work establishes a unique chemoselective "unclickable" bioconjugation strategy to site-specifically modify proteins expressed in both bacteria and eukaryotes.
- Addy, Partha Sarathi,Erickson, Sarah B.,Italia, James S.,Chatterjee, Abhishek
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p. 11670 - 11673
(2017/09/07)
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- Redox reaction between benzyl azides and aryl azides: concerted synthesis of aryl nitriles and anilines
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A unique and novel reaction between benzyl azides and aryl azides is described to synthesize aryl nitriles and anilines concurrently, which is catalyzed with a photoactivated diruthenium complex. N-Unsubstituted imines (N-H imines) are generated first from benzyl azides, followed by the hydrogen transfer reaction between N-H imines and aryl azides. A wide range of aryl nitriles and anilines were synthesized under neutral and mild reaction conditions.
- Kim, Yongjin,Rhee, Young Ho,Park, Jaiwook
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supporting information
p. 1636 - 1641
(2017/02/23)
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- An unprecedentedly simple method of synthesis of aryl azides and 3-hydroxytriazenes
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Fischer's approach towards the synthesis of aryl azides and triazinoles from diazonium salts and hydroxylammonium chloride (phenylhydraxylamine) was reinvestigated and optimized. The new methodology enables the preparation of aryl azides and triazinoles in high yields in water at room temperature. The procedure is very simple, robust, easily scalable, reproducible, and "green".
- Gribanov, Pavel S.,Topchiy, Maxim A.,Golenko, Yulia D.,Lichtenstein, Yana I.,Eshtukov, Artur V.,Terekhov, Vladimir E.,Asachenko, Andrey F.,Nechaev, Mikhail S.
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supporting information
p. 5984 - 5988
(2018/06/06)
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- A comparison of novel organoiridium(III) complexes and their ligands as a potential treatment for prostate cancer
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A range of 1,4-substituted 2-pyridyl-N-phenyl triazoles were synthesised and evaluated for their antiproliferative properties against lymph node cancer of the prostate (LNCaP) and bone metastasis of prostate cancer (PC-3) cells. Excellent-to-low IC50 values were determined (5.6-250 μM), and a representative group of 4 ligands were then complexed to iridium(III) giving highly luminescent species. Reevaluation of these compounds against both cell lines was then undertaken and improved potency (up to 72-fold) was observed, giving IC50 values of 0.36-11 μM for LNCaP and 0.85-5.9 μM for PC-3. Preliminary screens for in vivo toxicity were conducted using a zebrafish model showing a wide range of induced toxicity depending of the compound evaluated. Apoptosis and Caspase-3 levels were also determined and showed no statistical difference between some of the treated specimens and the controls. This study may identify novel therapeutic agents for advanced stage of prostate cancer in humans.
- Hockey, Samantha C.,Barbante, Gregory J.,Francis, Paul S.,Altimari, Jarrad M.,Yoganantharajah, Prusothman,Gibert, Yann,Henderson, Luke C.
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p. 305 - 313
(2016/01/28)
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- Pd/C Catalyzed Carbonylation of Azides in the Presence of Amines
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A facile and efficient Pd/C-catalyzed carbonylation of both aliphatic and aromatic azides in the presence of amines is reported. Serving as the widely existed fragments in an array of biological pharmaceuticals, functionalized unsymmetrical ureas were str
- Zhao, Jin,Li, Zongyang,Yan, Shuaihu,Xu, Shiyang,Wang, Ming-An,Fu, Bin,Zhang, Zhenhua
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supporting information
p. 1736 - 1739
(2016/05/19)
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- Design and Synthesis of Novel Triazolyl Benzoxazine Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Antiproliferative and Antibacterial Activity
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A series of novel triazolyl benzoxazine derivatives have been synthesized via Cu(I)-catalyzed ‘Click’ cycloaddition. All of the compounds were fully characterized from their spectral data, and their antiproliferative activity was evaluated against three selected human cancer cell lines: cervical cancer cells (HeLa), colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29), and ovarian adenocarcinoma (SKOV-3). A few representative compounds have also been evaluated for their antibacterial potential against two bacterial strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis.
- Khan, Abdullah,Prasad, Suchita,Parmar, Virinder S.,Sharma, Sunil K.
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p. 1264 - 1275
(2016/07/29)
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- An aryl azide, and aryl 1, 2, 3 triazole spiro the synthetic method of the compound of
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The invention discloses a synthetic method of aryl azide and an aryl 1, 2, 3-triazole spiro-compound. The method comprises the following steps: adding substituted arylamine into a reaction container, dissolving the arylamine by methanol, adjusting the pH value to 5-8, introducing methyl nitrite, and reacting for 1-3 hours to obtain a reaction liquid; adding sodium azide into the reaction liquid, monitoring the reaction progress by TLC and reacting for 1-5 hours and posttreating to obtain a pure product of the aryl azide I; adding the product of the aryl azide I, oxonium ylide and an organic solvent into the reaction container, monitoring the reaction progress by TLC, reacting for 36-72 hours at 50-70 DEG C and posttreating to obtain the aryl 1, 2, 3-triazole spiro-compound. The aryl azide is synthesized by methyl nitrite which replaces sodium nitrite and carries out a diazo-reaction with hydrochloric acid, so that the method avoids generation of nitric oxide and nitric dioxide in the reaction process, thereby satisfying the concept of green chemistry.
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Paragraph 0078
(2016/10/10)
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- Handling Hazards Using Continuous Flow Chemistry: Synthesis of N1-Aryl-[1,2,3]-triazoles from Anilines via Telescoped Three-Step Diazotization, Azidodediazotization, and [3 + 2] Dipolar Cycloaddition Processes
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The conversion of commercially available anilines into triazole products was realized using a telescoped three-reactor flow diazotization, azidodediazotization, and [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition process. The diazotization-azidodediazotization sequence was
- Teci, Matthieu,Tilley, Michael,McGuire, Michael A.,Organ, Michael G.
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supporting information
p. 1967 - 1973
(2017/02/10)
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- Cu (I) catalyzed alkyne-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC): Synthesis of 17α-[1-(substituted phenyl)-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]-19-nor-testosterone-17β-yl acetates targeting progestational and antipro-liferative activities
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The progestational potency and selectivity of synthetic steroidal agonists can be enhanced by even larger chemical moieties at 17α-position of the steroid backbones. Hereby a series 5a-c and 6a-c of novel 17α-[1-(substituted phenyl)-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]-19-nortestosterone-17β-yl acetates were designed and synthesized using click chemistry approach searching progestogenic derivatives with potential anticancer activity. Compounds 5a,b and 6a,c have affected to different extents the three histopatho-logical parameters considered for evaluation of their progestational activity. The compounds 5a,b and 6a,c showed modifications in rat uterus at 35.7-34.8 nM levels with privileged endometrial thickening effect and least change of uterine weight relative to NEA at 52.9 nM level. Up to 40 mg/kg dose compounds 5b and 6c were non-toxic. Molecular docking of the ligands in PR showed in the majority of cases a conformational fitting into the active site different from that of the reference steroid NEA. Compound 6b revealed about 46.4% growth inhibition of CNS cancer SNB-75 cell line, 56% growth inhibition of renal cancer A498 cell line and 56.7% growth inhibition of prostate cancer PC-3 cell line which was mediated by cell cycle arrest. Drugability of the screened compounds showed tolerated results after being challenged to diverse physicochemical parameters.
- Mohamed,El-Koussi, Nawal A.,Mahfouz, Nadia M.,Youssef, Adel F.,Abdel Jaleel, Gehad A.,Shouman, Samia A.
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- Novel VEGFR-2 kinase inhibitors identified by the back-to-front approach
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We report a novel VEGFR-2 inhibitor, developed by the back-to-front approach. Docking experiments indicated that the 3-chloromethylphenylurea motif of the lead compound occupied the back pocket of VEGFR-2 kinase. An attempt was made to enhance the binding affinity of 1 by expanding the structure to access the front pocket using a triazole linker. A library of 1,4-(disubstituted)-1H-1, 2,3-triazoles were screened in silico, and one compound (VH02) was identified with an IC50 against VEGFR-2 of 0.56 μM. VH02 showed antiangiogenic effects, inhibiting tube formation in HUVEC cells (EA.hy926) at 0.3 μM, 13 times lower than its cytotoxic dose. These enzymatic and cellular activities suggest that VH02 has potential as a lead for further optimization.
- Sanphanya, Kingkan,Wattanapitayakul, Suvara K.,Phowichit, Suwadee,Fokin, Valery V.,Vajragupta, Opa
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supporting information
p. 2962 - 2967
(2013/06/27)
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- Synthesis of homoleptic ruthenium "star" complexes by click reaction for TiO2 sensitization
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Homoleptic RuII complexes carrying rigid linkers for attachment to semiconductor surfaces were synthesized by using the click reaction. Star-shaped complexes KStar-TzC-pBn (1a) and KStar-TzC-Ipa (1b), composed of 2,2'-bipyridine ligands 4,4'-di
- Chitre, Keyur P.,Guillen, Elena,Yoon, Audri Soojin,Galoppini, Elena
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p. 5461 - 5464
(2013/01/15)
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- Synthesis and cytotoxicity of some d-mannose click conjugates with aminobenzoic acid derivatives
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Two sets of new conjugates obtained from d-mannose derivatives and o-, m-, and p-substituted benzoic acid esters interconnected through a triazole ring were synthesized by Cu(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. All synthesized compounds were tested for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against seven cancer cell lines with/without multidrug resistance phenotype as well as non-tumor MRC-5 and BJ fibroblasts. Butyl ester of 4-aminobenzoic acid 6c showed the highest activity among all tested compounds, however, it was active only against K562 myeloid leukemia cells. N-Glycosyltriazole conjugates, both acetylated and nonacetylated at mannose moiety, were almost completely inactive. In contrast, some of the acetylated O-glycosyl conjugates showed cytotoxic activity which was cell line dependent and strongly affected by position of benzoic acid substitution as well as a length of its ester alkyl chain; the most potent compound was acetylated mannoside conjugated with octyl ester of m-substituted benzoic acid. However, deacetylation resulting in hydrophilicity increase of the glycosides almost completely abolished their cytotoxic potency.
- Hradilová, Ludmila,Poláková, Monika,Dvo?áková, Barbora,Hajdúch, Marián,Petru?, Ladislav
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- Modification and optimization of the bis-picolylamide-based relay protection for carboxylic acids to be cleaved by unusual complexation with Cu2+ salts
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A simple modification of our recently published protection scheme for carboxylic acids as amides resulted in a new protecting group with significantly improved properties. It requires shorter reaction times for deprotection and allows us to replace Cu(OTf)2 by CuCl2, indicating at the same time the importance of the nature of the anion of the Cu2+ source. Since the new scheme fulfills all criteria required for an ideal protection group it should find widespread application in synthetic organic chemistry.
- Mundinger, Stephan,Jakob, Uwe,Bichovski, Plamen,Bannwarth, Willi
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p. 8968 - 8979,12
(2012/12/11)
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- Rhodium-catalyzed direct C-H amination of benzamides with aryl azides: A synthetic route to diarylamines
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No muss, no fuss: A rhodium-catalyzed direct intermolecular C-H amination of benzamides and ketoximes using aryl azides as the amine source has been developed. The reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope with excellent functional-group tolerance, requires no external oxidants, releases N 2 as the only by-product, and produces diarylamines in high yields. Copyright
- Ryu, Jaeyune,Shin, Kwangmin,Park, Sae Hume,Kim, Ji Young,Chang, Sukbok
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supporting information
p. 9904 - 9908
(2012/10/29)
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- Synthesis of some 1,2,3-triazoles derivatives
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Dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) undergoes efficient Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with various X-substituted aryl azides (X = 2C1, 3C1, 2COOCH3, 4COOCH3), applying two different conditions, under conventional stir
- Bouasla, Souad,Fatmi, Chames Eddyn,Teguiche, Mabrouk
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p. 1037 - 1040
(2013/09/23)
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- General copper-catalyzed transformations of functional groups from arylboronic acids in water
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A simple and general copper-catalyzed method has been developed for transformations of various functional groups (i I, i N3, i SO2R, i OH, i NH2, and i NO 2) on aromatic rings from arylboronic acids in water under air. The protocol uses cheap and readily available inorganic salts (KI, NaN3, NaSO2R, NaOH, NaNO2) and aqueous ammonia as the functional-group sources, simple Cu2O/NH3 as the catalyst system, environmentally friendly water as the solvent, and oxygen in air as the oxidant. Importantly, the copper catalyst system in water was recyclable. This study should provide a useful strategy for interconversions of the functional groups on aromatic rings.
- Yang, Haijun,Li, Yong,Jiang, Min,Wang, Junmei,Fu, Hua
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experimental part
p. 5652 - 5660
(2011/06/23)
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- Continuous flow photolysis of aryl azides: Preparation of 3H-azepinones
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Photolysis of aryl azides to give nitrenes, and their subsequent rearrangement in the presence of water to give 3H-azepinones, is performed in continuous flow in a photoreactor constructed of fluorinated ethylene polymer (FEP) tubing. Fine tuning of the reaction conditions using the flow reactor allowed minimization of secondary photochemical reactions.
- Bou-Hamdan, Farhan R.,Levesque, Francois,O'Brien, Alexander G.,Seeberger, Peter H.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1124 - 1129
(2011/10/12)
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- Flow synthesis of organic azides and the multistep synthesis of imines and amines using a new monolithic triphenylphosphine reagent
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Here we describe general flow processes for the synthesis of alkyl and aryl azides, and the development of a new monolithic triphenylphosphine reagent, which provides a convenient format for the use of this versatile reagent in flow. The utility of these new tools was demonstrated by their application to a flow Staudinger aza-Wittig reaction sequence. Finally, a multistep aza-Wittig, reduction and purification flow process was designed, allowing access to amine products in an automated fashion.
- Smith, Catherine J.,Smith, Christopher D.,Nikbin, Nikzad,Ley, Steven V.,Baxendale, Ian R.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1927 - 1937
(2011/04/21)
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- A fully automated, multistep flow synthesis of 5-amino-4-cyano-1,2,3- triazoles
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Having demonstrated in the preceding publication the flow synthesis of aryl azides, we describe here a general protocol for the in-line purification of these versatile intermediates. As part of this investigation, we evaluated the use of ReactIR 45m as a
- Smith, Catherine J.,Nikbin, Nikzad,Ley, Steven V.,Lange, Heiko,Baxendale, Ian R.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1938 - 1947
(2011/04/24)
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- Reliable and diverse synthesis of aryl azides through copper-catalyzed coupling of boronic acids or esters with TMSN3
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(Figure Presented) Aryl azide formation: The copper-catalyzed coupling reaction of boronic esters and acids with TMSN3 have been presented as a highly efficient, simple, broadly applicable, and less hazardous methodology for the practi cal synthesis of aryl azides with structural diversity (see scheme).
- Li, Yu,Gao, Lian-Xun,Han, Fu-She
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7969 - 7972
(2010/09/14)
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- Copper(II)-catalyzed conversion of aryl/heteroaryl boronic acids, boronates, and trifluoroborates into the corresponding azides: Substrate scope and limitations
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We report the copper(II)-catalyzed conversion of organoboron compounds into the corresponding azide derivatives. A systematic series of phenylboronic acid derivatives is evaluated to examine the importance of steric and electronic effects of the sub-stituents on reaction yield as well as functional group compatibility. Heterocyclic substrates are also shown to participate in this mild reaction while compounds incorporating B-C(sp3) bonds are unreactive under the reaction conditions. The copper(II)-catalyzed boronic acid-azide coupling reaction is further extended to both boronate esters and potassium organotrifluoroborate salts. The method described herein complements existing procedures for the preparation of aryl azides from the respective amino, triazene, and halide derivatives and we expect that it will greatly facilitate copper- and ruthenium-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions for the preparation of diversely functionalized 1-aryl- or 1-heteroaryl-1,2,3- triazoles derivatives. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Grimes, Kimberly D.,Gupte, Amol,Aldrich, Courtney C.
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experimental part
p. 1441 - 1448
(2010/10/03)
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- Radical reduction of aromatic azides to amines with triethylsilane
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Aromatic azides are inert toward triethylsilane under thermal conditions in the presence of a radical initiator, but in the presence of additional catalytic amounts of tert-dodecanethiol, they afford anilinosilanes and thence the corresponding anilines in virtually quantitative yields.
- Benati, Luisa,Bencivenni, Giorgio,Leardini, Rino,Minozzi, Matteo,Nanni, Daniele,Scialpi, Rosanna,Spagnolo, Piero,Zanardi, Giuseppe
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p. 5822 - 5825
(2007/10/03)
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- 3H-Azepines and Related Systems. Part 2. The Photolyses of Aryl Azides Bearing Electron-withdrawing Substituents
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The photolyses of ortho-substituted aryl azides (o-XC6H4N3 where X = CONHNH2, CONHN=CHAr, NO2, CN, CF3, SO2OMe, SO2NH2, or SO2Ph) in methanol-tetrahydrofuran solution are described.With X = CF3 or CONHN=CHAr, 3-substituted 2-methoxy-3H-azepines are products, while in other cases polymeric products, amines or mixtures of isomeric azepines are obtained.The product from the photolysis of o-azidophenyl phenyl sulphoxide (X = SOPh) is identified tentatively (n.m.r. evidence) as 7-methoxy-2-phenylsulphinyl-3H-azepine.In contrast, methyl p-azidobenzoate and p-cyanophenyl azide yield the corresponding 5-substituted 2-methoxy-3H-azepines, whereas methyl m-azidobenzoate yields only methyl 2-methoxy-3H-azepine-6-carboxylate.Irradiation of methyl o-azidobenzoate in aqueous tetrahydrofuran gives 1,3-dihydro-3-methoxycarbonyl-2H-azepin-2-one.
- Purvis, Roger,Smalley, Robert K.,Suschitzky, Hans,Alkhader, Mohamed A.
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p. 249 - 254
(2007/10/02)
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- Competing SNAr displacements of nitrite and SN2 displacements on the alkyl groups of alkyl p-nitrobenzoates and o-nitrobenzoates
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Several p-nitrobenzoate and o-nitrobenzoate esters have been found to undergo competing SNAr and SN2 reactions with azide, alkoxide, and thiophenoxide ions. SNAr displacement of the nitro group even competes with SN2 displacement on the methyl group of methyl esters 1c and 11. Esters 1a and 1b undergo predominately SNAr displacements with azide, whereas 1c undergoes predominately an SN2 displacement with azide. Both 1b and 1c undergo predominately SNAr reactions with alkoxides and thiophenoxide. The SNAr products from the azide reactions consist of mixtures of p-azidobenzoates, p-aminobenzoates, and 4,4′-azodibenzoates whose compositions depend upon the reaction conditions.
- Logue, Marshall W.,Han, Byung Hee
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p. 1638 - 1642
(2007/10/02)
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