- Why does pivalaldehyde (trimethylacetaldehyde) unexpectedly seem more basic than 1-adamantanecarbaldehyde in the gas phase? FT-ICR and high-level ab initio studies
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Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy (FT ICR) techniques, including collision-induced dissociation (CID) methodology, were applied to the study of the gas-phase protonation of pivalaldehyde (1) and 1-adamantanecarbaldehyde (2). A new synthetic method for 2 was developed. The experiments, together with a thorough computational study involving ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of high level, conclusively show that upon monoprotonation in the gas phase, compound 1 yields monoprotonated methyl isopropyl ketone 3. The mechanism of this gas-phase acid-catalyzed isomerization is different from that reported by Olah and Suryah Prakash for the reaction in solution. In the latter case, isomerization takes place through the diprotonation of 1.
- Quintanilla, Esther,Davalos, Juan Z.,Abboud, Jose-Luis M.,Alcami, Manuel,Cabildo, M. Pilar,Claramunt, Rosa M.,Elguero, Jose,Mo, Otilia,Yanez, Manuel
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- Synthesis and structural studies of symmetric and unsymmetric adamantylmethyleneazines
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The synthesis and spectroscopic properties (1H, 13C and 15N NMR, in solution and in the solid state) of six new 1-adamantylmethlene azines are reported. The crystal and molecular structures of 1-adamantylcarbaldehyde azine and 1-adamantyl methyl ketone azine, which exist in the solid state in the E,E-configuration, were determined by x-ray analysis. The geometric characteristics of the azine central bridge and the preferred configuration with regard to it (E,E, E,Z, or Z,Z) were investigated by means of the crystallographic data retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database and ab initio quantum chemical calculations. Copyright
- Sanz, Dionisia,Ponce, Maria Alejandra,Claramunt, Rosa Maria,Fernandez-Castano, Cristina,Foces-Foces, Concepcion,Elguero, Jose
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- Synthesis of Bilin-1,19-diones and Biladiene-ac-1,19-diones with C(10) Adamantyl and tert-Butyl Groups
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Bilirubin and biliverdin analogs bearing bulky adamantyl and tert-butyl groups at the central C(10) position were synthesized and their structures were analyzed by nmr and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and by molecular mechanics calculations, all of which collectively indicated a preference for helical conformations.
- Kar, Ari K.,Lightner, David A.
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- Efficient synthesis of 1-adamantanecarboxaldehyde by the GaCl 3-mediated carbonylation of adamantane under mild reaction conditions
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(Chemical Equation Presented) The reaction of adamantane (1) with CO (1 atm) in 1,2-dichloroethane at room temperature in the presence of GaCl 3 results in formylation to give 1-adamantanecarboxaldehyde (2) in up to 84% yield.
- Oshita, Masayuki,Chatani, Naoto
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- Superacid-Catalyzed Electrophilic Formylation of Adamantane with Carbon Monoxide Competing with Koch-Haaf Carboxylation
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The superacid-catalyzed reaction of adamantane with carbon monoxide was investigated. 1-Adamantanecarboxaldehyde together with 1-adamantaneecarboxylic acid and 1-adamantanol (the products of the reaction of intermediate 1-adamantyl cation) was obtained.The mechanism of the formation of 1-adamantanecarboxaldehyde by electrophilic formylation involving ?-insertion of the formyl cation is indicated.This is contrasted by the competing protolytic ionization of adamantane to 1-adamantyl cation which gives with CO 1-adamantanoyl cation and subsequently 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid (Koch-Haaf reaction) or by hydrolysis 1-adamantanol.
- Farooq, Omar,Marcelli, Mike,Prakash, G. K. Surya,Olah, George A.
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- Unidirectional Threading into a Bowl-Shaped Macrocyclic Trimer of Boron–Dipyrrin Complexes through Multipoint Recognition
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Bowl-shaped macrocycles have the distinctive feature that their two sides are differentiated, and thus can be developed into elaborate hosts that fix a target molecule in a controlled geometry through multipoint interactions. We now report the synthesis of a bowl-shaped macrocyclic trimer of the boron–dipyrrin (BODIPY) complex and its unidirectional threading of guest molecules. Six polarized Bδ+?Fδ-bonds are directed towards the center of the macrocycle, which enables strong recognition of cationic guests. Specifically, the benzylbutylammonium ion is bound in a manner in which the benzyl group is located at the convex face of the bowl and the butyl group at its concave face. Furthermore, adrenaline was strongly captured on the convex side of the bowl by hydrogen bonding, Coulomb forces, and C?H???π interactions.
- Nakamura, Takashi,Yamaguchi, Gento,Nabeshima, Tatsuya
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- Synthesis and anti-HIV studies of 2-adamantyl-substituted thiazolidin-4-ones
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A series of novel thiazolidin-4-ones bearing a lipophilic adamantyl substituent at position 2, and versatile substituents on the nitrogen atom of the thiazolidine ring, were synthesized whereas several compounds exhibited a modest anti-HIV-1 activity, (±)-2-adamantan-1-yl-3-(4,6-dimethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-thiazolidin-4-one 22 was endowed with a remarkable antiviral potency (EC50 = 0.35 μM). The adamantane moiety played an important role in the eventual antiviral activity of the compound. This compound behaved as a typical non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor (NNRTI) with non-competitive inhibition against RT with respect to the substrate (Ki = 12 μM). Separation of the enantiomers via diastereoisomeric salts was performed for 22. X-ray studies enabled us to ascribe an S configuration to (-)-2-adamantan-1-yl-3-(4,6-dimethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-thiazolidin-4-one (-)-22. Furthermore, it was found that the (+)-22 isomer was predominantly responsible for the potent anti-HIV-1 activity (EC50 value of 0.178 μM), while the levo isomer was more than 60-fold less active.
- Balzarini, Jan,Orzeszko, Barbara,Maurin, Jan K.,Orzeszko, Andrzej
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- Preparative synthesis of vinyl diamondoids
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We describe a convenient four-step preparation of 1-vinyl adamantane, 1-vinyl diamantane, and 4,9-divinyl diamantane from the respective diamondoid acetic acids in 50-80% isolated yields involving esterification, reduction, and hydrobromination/dehydrobromination. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications to view the free supplemental file.
- Fokin, Andrey A.,Butova, Ekaterina D.,Barabash, Anastasiya V.,Huu, Nhan N.,Tkachenko, Boryslav A.,Fokina, Natalie A.,Schreiner, Peter R.
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- Aluminum chloride/dichloromethane (chloroform) induced carbonylation, Ritter reaction, and cyanation of adamantane
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The aluminum chloride induced carbonylation, Ritter reaction, and cyanation of adamantane in dichloromethane (chloroform) are reported. The mechanism of the reactions is discussed involving initial hydride abstraction from adamantane by ClCH2(δ+)Cl → (δ-)AlCl3 or Cl2CH(δ+)Cl → (δ-)AlCl3 complexes (indicated by formation of chloromethane or dichloromethane) and subsequent reaction of the 1-adamantyl cation with carbon monoxide, nitriles or cyanotrimethylsilane.
- Olah,Wang
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- Stable bromoallene oxides
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The first stable bromoallene oxides were obtained by the DMDO epoxidation of 1-bromo-1,3-di-tert-alkylallenes, producing the first crystalline allene oxide of any kind. The epoxidations are regioselective for the bromine-bearing Δ1,2 alkene, and also face selective producing single diastereomer E-olefin products.
- Christopher Braddock,Mahtey, Areeb,Rzepa, Henry S.,White, Andrew J. P.
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- Supramolecular block copolymers for gene delivery: Enhancement of transfection efficiency by charge regulation
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A class of cationic supramolecular block copolymers with readily controlled charges has been exploited. Upon post-synthetic structural optimization, this copolymer exhibits comparable biocompatibility, greatly improved pDNA condensation capability and biostability, and further enhanced transfection efficiency in vitro. This work provides valuable insight into the creation of advanced nonviral vectors for gene delivery.
- Yasen, Wumaier,Dong, Ruijiao,Zhou, Linzhu,Huang, Yu,Guo, Dongbo,Chen, Dong,Li, Chuanlong,Aini, Aliya,Zhu, Xinyuan
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- Sulfonium ion-promoted traceless Schmidt reaction of alkyl azides
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Schmidt reaction by sulfonium ions is described. General primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl azides were converted to the corresponding carbonyl or imine compounds without any trace of the activators. This bond scission reaction through 1,2-migration of C-H and C-C bonds was accessible to the one-pot substitution reaction.
- Ardiansah, Bayu,Kakiuchi, Kiyomi,Morimoto, Tsumoru,Tanimoto, Hiroki,Tomohiro, Takenori
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supporting information
p. 8738 - 8741
(2021/09/08)
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- Synthetic method of saxagliptin intermediate
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The invention belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis, and particularly relates to a synthetic method of a saxagliptin intermediate. The intermediate is compound I, compound A2 is taken as a raw material, and compound I is obtained through hydrolysis hydroxylation, hydrogenation and amino protecting reaction. The compound A2 is oxidized by taking 1 - adamantane methanol as a raw material. The resulting compound A2. Due to the fact that the synthetic route is shortened, the production cycle is shortened, and the production cost is greatly reduced. The compound A2 to the compound A3, the hydrolysis and the hydroxylation are synthesized in one step in one step, the amount of waste acid water is greatly reduced, and the optical chiral protecting group is kept off, and the chiral value of the final compound I is greatly improved. The whole reaction process is mild in condition, free of harsh anhydrous anaerobic reaction, greatly reduced in wastewater amount and extremely high in product optical activity.
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Paragraph 0032-0034; 0043-0045
(2021/11/21)
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- Catalytic Asymmetric Disulfuration by a Chiral Bulky Three-Component Lewis Acid-Base
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A three-component Lewis acid–base (Lewis trio) involving a bulky chiral primary amine, B(C6F5)3 and a bulky tertiary amine has been developed as an effective enamine catalyst for enantioselective disulfuration reactions. The bulky tertiary amine was found to activate a bulky primary–tertiary diamine–borane Lewis pair for enamine catalysis via frustrated interaction. The resulted chiral bulky Lewis trio (BLT) allows for the construction of chiral disulfides via direct disulfuration with β-ketocarbonyls or α-branched aldehydes in a practical and highly stereocontrolled manner.
- Zhang, Qi,Li, Yao,Zhang, Long,Luo, Sanzhong
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supporting information
p. 10971 - 10976
(2021/04/09)
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- Expansion of substrate scope for nitroxyl radical/copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols: A guideline for catalyst selection
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Four distinctive sets of optimum nitroxyl radical/copper salt/additive catalyst combinations have been identified for accommodating the aerobic oxidation of various types of primary alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes. Interestingly, less nucleophilic catalysts exhibited higher catalytic activities for the oxidation of particular primary allylic and propargylic alcohols to give α,β-unsaturated aldehydes that function as competent Michael acceptors. The optimum conditions identified herein were successful in the oxidation of various types of primary alcohols, including unprotected amino alcohols and divalent-sulfur-containing alcohols in good-to-high yields. Moreover, N-protected alaninol, an inefficient substrate in the nitroxyl radical/ copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidation, was oxidized in good yield. On the basis of the optimization results, a guideline for catalyst selection has been established.
- Iwabuchi, Yoshiharu,Nagasawa, Shota,Sasaki, Ryota,Sasano, Yusuke,Yamaichi, Aoto
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p. 488 - 497
(2021/05/27)
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- CFTR-MODULATING ARYLAMIDES
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The present disclosure relates to heterocyclic compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical preparations thereof. Also described herein are compositions and the use of such compounds in methods of treating diseases and conditions mediated by deficient CFTR activity, in particular cystic fibrosis.
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Page/Page column 65; 66
(2021/06/11)
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- Binding study on 1-adamantylalkyl(benz)imidazolium salts to cyclodextrins and cucurbit[n]urils
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Multitopic guests are used as key components of molecular triggers, switchers, sensors, or reactors in recent supramolecular chemistry studies. The increasing complexity of these compounds correlates with the need for versatile, synthetically available binding motifs (building blocks) with tuneable supramolecular properties. The utilisation of a favoured 1-adamantylmethyl moiety in ammonium, imidazolium and pyridinium salts is sometimes restricted by synthetic difficulties most likely related to the adamantane cage bulkiness. Therefore, we prepared a series of new adamantylated (benz)imidazolium salts with longer flexible linkers between the adamantane cage and cationic moiety. We tested the supramolecular properties of these binding motifs towards the natural cyclodextrins α-CD, β-CD and γ-CD and cucurbit[n]urils (n= 7, 8) using NMR, mass spectrometry and titration calorimetry. All tested guests formed 1:1 complexes with the abovementioned hosts, retaining binding strengths, selectivity, and complex geometries in comparison to the parent methylene-linked homologues. We did not confirm our original concern that longer linkers would negatively affect the binding strength towards CBns due to the reduction in the ion-dipole interaction contribution. Therefore, we believe that adamantylalkyl imidazolium binding motifs can be used for multitopic supramolecular guest construction.
- Jelínková, Kristyna,Kova?evi?, Jelica,Wrzecionková, Eva,Prucková, Zdeňka,Rouchal, Michal,Dastychová, Lenka,Vícha, Robert
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p. 7071 - 7079
(2020/05/16)
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- COMPOUND USED AS AUTOPHAGY REGULATOR, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND USES THEREOF
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It is related to compounds used as autophagy modulators and a method for preparing and using the same, specifically providing a compound of general formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which is a type of autophagy modulators, particularly mammalian ATG8 homologues modulators.
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- Nitrile Synthesis by Aerobic Oxidation of Primary Amines and in situ Generated Imines from Aldehydes and Ammonium Salt with Grubbs Catalyst
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Herein, a Grubbs-catalyzed route for the synthesis of nitriles via the aerobic oxidation of primary amines is reported. This reaction accommodates a variety of substrates, including simple primary amines, sterically hindered β,β-disubstituted amines, allylamine, benzylamines, and α-amino esters. Reaction compatibility with various functionalities is also noted, particularly with alkenes, alkynes, halogens, esters, silyl ethers, and free hydroxyl groups. The nitriles were also synthesized via the oxidation of imines generated from aldehydes and NH4OAc in situ. (Figure presented.).
- Utsumi, Tatsuki,Noda, Kenta,Kawauchi, Daichi,Ueda, Hirofumi,Tokuyama, Hidetoshi
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p. 3583 - 3588
(2020/08/05)
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- A Strategy for Accessing Aldehydes via Palladium-Catalyzed C?O/C?N Bond Cleavage in the Presence of Hydrosilanes
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We report the catalytic reduction of both active esters and amides by selective C(acyl)?X (X=O, N) cleavage to access aldehyde functionality via a palladium-catalyzed strategy. Reactions are promoted by hydrosilanes as reducing reagents with good to excellent yields and with excellent chemoselectivity for C(acyl)?N and C(acyl)?O bond cleavage. Carboxylic acid C(acyl)?O bonds are activated by 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (CDMT) to form triazine ester intermediates, which further react with hydrosilanes to yield aldehydes in one-pot two-step procedures. We demonstrate that C(acyl)?O cleavage/formylation offers higher yields and broader substrate scopes compared with C(acyl)?N cleavage under the same reaction conditions.
- He, Zhanyu,Liu, Tingting,Ru, Junxiang,Wang, Yulin,Wang, Zijia,Zeng, Zhuo
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p. 5794 - 5800
(2020/12/01)
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- Four-Directional synthesis of adamantane derivatives
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1-Adamantanemethanol, 1,3-adamantanedimethanol and 1,3,5,7-adamantanetetramethanol were converted into adamantanes functionalized with one or four (2R,1S)-2-formyl-1-cyclopropyl residues using Charette enantioselective cyclopropanation reactions and with one, two or four 4-ethoxy- (or 4-t-butoxy)-3-diazo-2,4- dioxobutyl residues from aldehyde and diazo-acetate ester condensation reactions by 1-directional, 2- directional or 4-directional syntheses. The synthesis of adamantane fused to cyclopentadiene is also reported. 'Equation Presented'.
- Qu, Tao,White, Andrew J. P.,Barrett, Anthony G. M.
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- Controlled Reduction of Nitriles by Sodium Hydride and Zinc Chloride
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A new protocol for the controlled reduction of nitriles to aldehydes was developed using a combination of sodium hydride and zinc chloride. The iminyl zinc intermediates derived from aromatic nitriles could be further functionalized with allylmetal nucleophiles to afford homoallylamines. As the method allows the reduction of various aliphatic and aromatic nitriles with a concise procedure under milder reaction conditions and exhibits wide functional group compatibility, it is well suited for use in various opportunities in chemical synthesis.
- Chiba, Shunsuke,Ong, Derek Yiren
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p. 1369 - 1378
(2020/04/27)
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- Catalytic Enantioselective α-Ketol Rearrangement
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A highly enantioselective α-ketol rearrangement has been developed. In the presence of a chiral Cu-bisoxazoline complex, achiral β-hydroxy-α-dicarbonyls were isomerized to chiral α-hydroxy-β-dicarbonyls and their bicyclic derivatives in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. Enantioenriched 2-acyl-2-hydroxy cyclohexan-1-ones, dihydroxyhexahydrobenzofuranones, and dihydroxyhexahydro-cycloheptafuranones, with up to three stereocenters, were readily prepared from achiral starting materials in one operation. The reaction is applicable to the desymmetrization of meso substrates and kinetic resolution of racemic alcohols.
- Wu, Hua,Andres, Rémi,Wang, Qian,Zhu, Jieping
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p. 499 - 503
(2018/12/13)
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- Nickel-Catalyzed Selective Reduction of Carboxylic Acids to Aldehydes
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The direct reduction of carboxylic acids to aldehydes is a fundamental transformation in organic synthesis. The combination of an air-stable Ni precatalyst, dimethyl dicarbonate as an activator, and silane reductant effects this reduction for a wide variety of substrates, including pharmaceutically relevant structures, in good yields and with no overreduction to alcohols. Moreover, this methodology is scalable, allows access to deuterated aldehydes, and is also compatible with one-pot utilization of the aldehyde products.
- Iosub, Andrei V.,Morav?ík, ?tefan,Wallentin, Carl-Johan,Bergman, Joakim
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supporting information
p. 7804 - 7808
(2019/10/14)
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- N -Isopropylsulfinylimines vs. N-tert -butylsulfinylimines in the stereoselective synthesis of sterically hindered amines: An improved synthesis of enantiopure (R)- And (S)-rimantadine and the trifluoromethylated analogues
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An improved fully stereoselective synthesis of both enantiomers of rimantadine and its trifluoromethylated analogues has been developed, using N-isopropylsulfinylimines as a starting chiral material, proving the superiority of the isopropyl group as a chiral inducer over the tert-butyl group in the case of hindered N-sulfinylimines.
- Moreno, Nazaret,Recio, Rocío,Valdivia, Victoria,Khiar, Noureddine,Fernández, Inmaculada
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supporting information
p. 9854 - 9858
(2019/12/05)
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- Catalytic Enantioselective Intermolecular Benzylic C(sp3)?H Amination
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A practical general method for asymmetric intermolecular benzylic C(sp3)?H amination has been developed by combining the pentafluorobenzyl sulfamate PfbsNH2 with the chiral rhodium(II) catalyst Rh2(S-tfptad)4. Various substrates can be used as limiting components and converted to benzylic amines with excellent yields and high levels of enantioselectivity. Additional key features for the reaction are the low catalyst loading and the ability to remove the Pfbs group under mild conditions to give NH-free benzylic amines.
- Nasrallah, Ali,Boquet, Vincent,Hecker, Alexandra,Retailleau, Pascal,Darses, Benjamin,Dauban, Philippe
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supporting information
p. 8192 - 8196
(2019/05/16)
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- Preparation of isoquinazolines: Via metal-free [4 + 2] cycloaddition of ynamides with nitriles
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TfOH-mediated [4 + 2] cycloaddition of ynamides with nitriles to construct 1,2-dihydroquinazolines is realized by a direct reaction in moderate to excellent yields (up to 93%) in a stereospecific manner. A rapid and efficient strategy has been employed for the syntheses of alkyl-substituted 1,2-dihydroquinazoline derivatives, and it exhibits good functional group tolerance, has a short reaction time, shows excellent diastereoselectivity, and is a simple and high-yielding reaction.
- Wu, Hao,Liu, Yu,He, Ming-Xing,Wen, Hao,Cao, Wei,Chen, Ping,Tang, Yu
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p. 8408 - 8416
(2019/09/30)
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- Facile One-Pot Transformation of Primary Alcohols into 3-Aryl- and 3-Alkyl-isoxazoles and -pyrazoles
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Various primary alcohols were smoothly transformed into 3-aryl- and 3-alkylisoxazoles in good yields in one pot by successive treatment with PhI(OAc) 2 in the presence of TEMPO, NH 2 OH, and then NCS, followed by reaction with alkynes in the presence of Et 3 N. Similarly, various primary alcohols were smoothly transformed into 3-aryl- and 3-alkylpyrazoles in good yields in one pot by successive treatment with PhI(OAc) 2 in the presence of TEMPO, PhNHNH 2, and then NCS and decyl methyl sulfide, followed by reaction with alkynes in the presence of Et 3 N. Thus, both 3-aryl- and 3-alkylisoxazoles, and 3-aryl- and 3-alkylpyrazoles could be prepared from readily available primary alcohols in one pot under transition-metal-free conditions.
- Kobayashi, Eiji,Togo, Hideo
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p. 3723 - 3735
(2019/09/30)
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- The Strecker reaction coupled to Viedma ripening: A simple route to highly hindered enantiomerically pure amino acids
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The Strecker reaction is broadly used for the preparation of α-amino acids. However, control of enantioselectivity remains challenging. We here couple the Strecker reaction to Viedma ripening for the absolute asymmetric synthesis of highly sterically hindered α-amino acids. As proof-of-principle, the enantiomerically pure α-amino acids tert-leucine and α-(1-adamantyl)glycine were obtained.
- Baglai, Iaroslav,Leeman, Michel,Wurst, Klaus,Kaptein, Bernard,Kellogg, Richard M.,Noorduin, Willem L.
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p. 10832 - 10834
(2018/10/02)
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- Mechanistic Studies on the Organocatalytic α-Chlorination of Aldehydes: The Role and Nature of Off-Cycle Intermediates
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Herein we report the isolation and characterization of aminal intermediates in the organocatalytic α-chlorination of aldehydes. These species are stable covalent ternary adducts of the substrate, the catalyst and the chlorinating reagent. NMR-assisted kinetic studies and isotopic labeling experiments with the isolated intermediate did not support its involvement in downstream stereoselective processes as proposed by Blackmond. By tuning the reactivity of the chlorinating reagent, we were able to suppress the accumulation of rate-limiting off-cycle intermediates. As a result, an efficient and highly enantioselective catalytic system with a broad functional group tolerance was developed.
- Ponath, Sebastian,Menger, Martina,Grothues, Lydia,Weber, Manuela,Lentz, Dieter,Strohmann, Carsten,Christmann, Mathias
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supporting information
p. 11683 - 11687
(2018/09/10)
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- Aerobic Aliphatic Hydroxylation Reactions by Copper Complexes: A Simple Clip-and-Cleave Concept
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A simple imine clip-and-cleave concept has been developed for the selective hydroxylation of non-activated CH bonds in aliphatic aldehydes with dioxygen through a copper complex. The synthetic protocol involves reaction of a substrate aldehyde with N,N-diethyl-ethylendiamine to give the corresponding imine, which is used as a bidentate donor ligand forming a copper(I) complex with [Cu(CH3CN)4][CF3SO3]. After exposure of the reaction mixture to dioxygen acidic cleavage and aqueous workup liberates the corresponding β-hydroxylated aldehyde. The concept for the hydroxylation of trimethylacetaldehyde as well as adamantane and diamantane 1-carbaldehydes was investigated and the corresponding β-hydroxy aldehydes were obtained with high selectivities. The results of low temperature stopped-flow measurements indicate the formation of a bis(μ-oxido)dicopper complex as reactive intermediate. According to density functional theory (DFT, RI-BLYP-D3/def2-TZVP(SDD)/ COSMO(CH2Cl2)//RI-PBE-D3/def2-TZVP(SDD)) computations CH bonds suitably predisposed to the [Cu2O2]2+ core undergo hydroxylation in a concerted step with particularly low activation barriers, which explains the experimentally observed regioselectivities.
- Becker, Jonathan,Zhyhadlo, Yevheniia Y.,Butova, Ekaterina D.,Fokin, Andrey A.,Schreiner, Peter R.,F?rster, Moritz,Holthausen, Max C.,Specht, Pascal,Schindler, Siegfried
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p. 15543 - 15549
(2018/09/21)
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- Iridium-catalyzed Synthesis of Saturated N-Heterocycles from Aldehydes and SnAP Reagents with Continuous Flow Photochemistry
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Commercially available tin amine protocol (SnAP) reagents provide a simple approach to the synthesis of a wide variety of saturated N-heterocycles from aldehydes. In this report, we disclose that the copper(II) promoter and hexafluoroisopropanol can be replaced by photocatalytic conditions using Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(dtbbpy)PF6 in CH3CN. Continuous flow photochemical conditions provide a clean, scalable approach to valuable products including morpholines, piperazines, thiomorpholines, diazepanes, and oxazepanes from aldehyde starting materials.
- Jindakun, Chalupat,Hsieh, Sheng-Ying,Bode, Jeffrey W.
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supporting information
p. 2071 - 2075
(2018/04/16)
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- HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS
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Provided herein are compounds and methods for inhibiting histone deacetylase ("HDAC") enzymes (e.g., HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3).
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Paragraph 00256; 00262
(2018/07/29)
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- NEW TRIAZINE SUBSTANCE FOR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER, SPECIFICALLY IN THE TREATMENT OF NON-SMALL CELL CANCER
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Substance of formula (I) for use as a medicament, wherein A is a [ -(CH2)n- ] spacer, n being an integer comprised between 1 and 3, preferably between 1 and 2; Xm are m substituents, m being an integer comprised between 1 and 3, wherein X is chosen among CI, Br, OCH3 or SCH3; and R1, R2, R3 and R4 are chosen among hydrogen atoms or C1-C3 alkyl groups. This substance has an anti-proliferative action on tumor cells and may advantageously be for use in the treatment of non-small cell cancer, preferably for use in the treatment of non-small cell squamous carcinoma, and more preferably for use in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
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Page/Page column 5; 6
(2018/10/30)
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- Reduction of N,N-Dimethylcarboxamides to Aldehydes by Sodium Hydride–Iodide Composite
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A new and concise protocol for selective reduction of N,N-dimethylamides into aldehydes was established using sodium hydride (NaH) in the presence of sodium iodide (NaI) under mild reaction conditions. The present protocol with the NaH-NaI composite allows for reduction of not only aromatic and heteroaromatic but also aliphatic N,N-dimethylamides with wide substituent compatibility. Retention of α-chirality in the reduction of α-enantioriched amides was accomplished. Use of sodium deuteride (NaD) offers a new step-economical alternative to prepare deuterated aldehydes with high deuterium incorporation rate. The NaH-NaI composite exhibits unique chemoselectivity for reduction of N,N-dimethylamides over ketones.
- Chan, Guo Hao,Ong, Derek Yiren,Yen, Zhihao,Chiba, Shunsuke
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- METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBONYL COMPOUND
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a carbonyl compound, allowing for improvement of ease of production and furthermore allowing for reduction of production cost, by positively utilizing inexpensive iodine. SOLUTION: A carbonyl compound is produced by mixing primary alcohol or secondary alcohol, and iodic acid (HIO3) in a non-solvent or an aprotic polar solvent based on the following general formula (1), where R1 is an optionally substituted linear- or branched 1-12C aliphatic group, or an optionally substituted aromatic group; R2 is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted linear- or branched 1-12C alkyl group, or an optionally substituted aromatic group; R1 and R2 each may be coupled with each other to form a ring of aromatic group or a non-aromatic group. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2018,JPOandINPIT
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Paragraph 0032-0035; 0037-0040
(2018/03/23)
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- A process for preparing hydroxy adamantane glycine derivatives
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The invention aims to provide a novel and simple synthesis route of a hydroxyadamantylglycine derivative represented by the formula I, namely (aS)-a-[[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carboxyl]-amino]-1-(3-hydroxyadamantyl)-acetic acid) or salts of the derivative through developing a novel compound. A novel compound namely 2(aS)-a-amino-1-adamantyl-acetamide represented by the formula III is taken as the primary raw material and then is subjected to hydrolysis reactions and hydroxy group introduction so as to obtain the (aS)-a-[[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carboxyl]-amino]-1-(3-hydroxyadamantyl)-acetic acid) represented by the formula I or salts of the derivative. The invention further provides a synthesis method of the novel compound represented by the formula III. The synthesis method can solve the disadvantages that the cost of enzyme catalyzed reactions is high, the enzyme catalyzed reactions are unstable, the chemical catalysis method has a low ee value, and the reaction product is not easy to purify in the prior art, and thus is more suitable for industrial production.
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- Rapid Asymmetric Synthesis of Disubstituted Allenes by Coupling of Flow-Generated Diazo Compounds and Propargylated Amines
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We report herein the asymmetric coupling of flow-generated unstabilized diazo compounds and propargylated amine derivatives, using a new pyridinebis(imidazoline) ligand, a copper catalyst and base. The reaction proceeds rapidly, generating chiral allenes in 10–20 minutes with high enantioselectivity (89–98 % de/ee), moderate yields and a wide functional group tolerance.
- Poh, Jian-Siang,Makai, Szabolcs,von Keutz, Timo,Tran, Duc N.,Battilocchio, Claudio,Pasau, Patrick,Ley, Steven V.
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supporting information
p. 1864 - 1868
(2017/02/05)
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- Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Aldehydes
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The 2-azaadamantane- N -oxyl (AZADO)- and 9-azanoradamantane- N -oxyl (nor-AZADO)-catalyzed selective oxidation of primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes is described. The use of tert -butyl nitrite as the co-catalyst enables efficient aerobic oxidation in MeCN instead of previously reported AcOH; this is important for the selectivity of the reaction. The addition of a solution of saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 after the completion of the reaction was effective to suppress the overoxidation of the product to the corresponding carboxylic acid during the workup.
- Shibuya, Masatoshi,Furukawa, Keisuke,Yamamoto, Yoshihiko
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p. 1554 - 1557
(2017/08/11)
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- Dehydrogenation of primary aliphatic alcohols by Au/TiO2 photocatalysts
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Dehydrogenation reaction of primary aliphatic alcohols to aldehydes and molecular hydrogen was achieved under UV-vis light irradiation in the presence of gold-loaded titanium dioxide (Au/TiO2) photocatalysts.
- Shibata, Masaki,Nagata, Ryoko,Saito, Susumu,Naka, Hiroshi
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supporting information
p. 580 - 582
(2017/04/03)
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- Green method for preparation of aldehyde or ketone by iron catalyzed alcohol oxidation
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The invention provides a green method for preparation of aldehyde or ketone by iron catalyzed alcohol oxidation. The method adopts a common iron salt as the catalyst, uses an oxynitride as the cocatalyst, can realize oxidation of various alcohols in a non-halogen solvent and under open air room temperature conditions, and especially can achieve oxidation of high selectivity non-active fatty primary alcohol. The catalytic system uses a cheap and easily available, non-toxic and high activity iron catalyst system, and uses economical, safe and green air as the oxidant. The reaction temperature can be set at room temperature condition. The catalytic system has few components, and additional adding of a ligand or alkali compound is unnecessary. The reaction is easy in operation, and especially can realize oxidation of non-active fatty primary alcohol into aldehyde or ketone efficiently. The method provided by the invention has very mild requirements for reaction conditions, and has good research and industrial application prospects.
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Paragraph 0040; 0041; 0042
(2017/08/29)
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- Conformationally Driven Two- and Three-Photon Cascade Processes in the Stereoselective Photorearrangement of Pyrroles
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A TBSO group has been shown to exert a high degree of stereocontrol during the two-photon photocycloaddition/rearrangement of N-butenylpyrroles to complex tricyclic aziridines. Moreover, this and other bulky groups have been shown to change the outcome of the reaction, promoting a new two-photon sequence to tricyclic imines and an unprecedented stereoselective three-photon sequence to azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes.
- Koovits, Paul J.,Knowles, Jonathan P.,Booker-Milburn, Kevin I.
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p. 5608 - 5611
(2016/11/17)
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- A Mild TEMPO-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Conversion of Aldehydes into Nitriles
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An efficient method to prepare nitriles from aldehydes using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) as the nitrogen source has been developed. The reactions were performed with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine l-oxyl (TEMPO) as the catalyst, NaNO2 or TBN as the co-catalyst, and molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant under mild conditions. A variety of aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic and allylic aldehydes could be converted into their corresponding nitriles in good to excellent yields.
- Fang, Chaojie,Li, Meichao,Hu, Xinquan,Mo, Weimin,Hu, Baoxiang,Sun, Nan,Jin, Liqun,Shen, Zhenlu
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supporting information
p. 1157 - 1163
(2016/04/19)
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- Synthetic utility of iodic acid in the oxidation of benzylic alcohols to aromatic aldehydes and ketones
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Various primary and secondary benzylic alcohols were efficiently oxidized to aromatic aldehydes and aromatic ketones with iodic acid in DMF at 60?°C for 2?h and with iodic acid in the presence of TEMPO (5?mol?%) in DMF at room temperature, respectively. The former method was effective for the oxidation of sterically hindered alcohols at 60?°C and the latter method was effective for the oxidation of less sterically hindered alcohols at room temperature.
- Imai, Sho,Togo, Hideo
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p. 6948 - 6954
(2016/10/13)
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- Efficient and mild swern oxidation using a new sulfoxide and bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate
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A new type of sulfoxide, 4-(2-(2-(methylsulfinyl) ethyl)-4-nitrophenyl)-morpholine (I), was designed and prepared in good yield. Upon the combination of I and bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate, the Swern oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols was significantly promoted under mild conditions, which afforded the corresponding aldehydes or ketones in good yields. It is noteworthy that the reoxidation of the isolated by-product sulfide V could be further recycled in Swern oxidation.
- Ye, Xiaojing,Fu, Hongliang,Ma, Jiahao,Zhong, Weihui
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supporting information
p. 885 - 892
(2017/01/28)
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- Iron/ABNO-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones under Ambient Atmosphere
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We report a new Fe(NO3)3·9H2O/9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-N-oxyl catalyst system that enables efficient aerobic oxidation of a broad range of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones at room temperature with ambient air as the oxidant. The catalyst system exhibits excellent activity and selectivity for primary aliphatic alcohol oxidation. This procedure can also be scaled up. Kinetic analysis demonstrates that C-H bond cleavage is the rate-determining step and that cationic species are involved in the reaction.
- Wang, Lianyue,Shang, SenSen,Li, Guosong,Ren, Lanhui,Lv, Ying,Gao, Shuang
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p. 2189 - 2193
(2016/03/15)
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- Tf2O-TMDS combination for the direct reductive transformation of secondary amides to aldimines, aldehydes, and/or amines
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The direct partial reduction of highly stable secondary amides to more reactive aldimines and aldehydes is a challenging yet highly demanding transformation. In this context, only three methods have been reported. We report herein an improved version of the Charette’s method. Our protocol consists of activation of secondary amides with triflic anhydride/2-fluoropyridine, and partial reduction of the resulting intermediates with 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS), which delivered aldimines or aldehydes upon acidic hydrolysis. Aromatic amides were reduced to the corresponding aldimines in 85%–100% NMR yields, and yields (NMR) from aliphatic amides were 72%–86%. Acidic hydrolysis of the aldimine intermediates afforded, in one-pot, the corresponding aldehydes in 80%–96% yields. A simple protocol was established to isolate labile aldimines in pure form in 92%–96% yields. The improved method gave generally higher yields as compared to the known ones, and features the use of cheaper and more atom-economical TMDS as a chemoselective reducing agent. In addition, a convenient extraction protocol has been established to allow the isolation of amines, which constitutes a mild method for the N-deacylation of amides, another highly desirable transformation. The extended method retains the advantages of the original method of Charette in terms of mild conditions, good functional group tolerance, and excellent chemoselectivity.
- Lang, Qi-Wei,Hu, Xiu-Ning,Huang, Pei-Qiang
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p. 1638 - 1644
(2016/12/07)
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- Hydride Reduction by a Sodium Hydride-Iodide Composite
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Sodium hydride (NaH) is widely used as a Br?nsted base in chemical synthesis and reacts with various Br?nsted acids, whereas it rarely behaves as a reducing reagent through delivery of the hydride to polar π electrophiles. This study presents a series of reduction reactions of nitriles, amides, and imines as enabled by NaH in the presence of LiI or NaI. This remarkably simple protocol endows NaH with unprecedented and unique hydride-donor chemical reactivity.
- Too, Pei Chui,Chan, Guo Hao,Tnay, Ya Lin,Hirao, Hajime,Chiba, Shunsuke
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supporting information
p. 3719 - 3723
(2016/03/26)
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- Preparation and application of novel Swern reagent
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The invention discloses 4-(2-(2-methyl sulfoxide)ethyl)-4-nitrobenzene)morpholine shown in the formula (I) and preparation and application thereof. A preparation method includes the steps that 2-(2-chlorine-5 nitro)phenethyl alcohol shown in the formula (II) and morpholine are mixed to prepare 2-(2-morpholine-5-nitrobenzene)ethanol shown in the formula (III); bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate ester, a sodium methyl mercaptide aqueous solution and an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution are sequentially added dropwise to 2-(2-morpholine-5-nitrobenzene)ethanol shown in the formula (III), and finally 4-(2-methyl sulfoxide)ethyl)-4-nitrobenzene)morpholine is prepared. According to the application of 4-(2-methyl sulfoxide)ethyl)-4-nitrobenzene)morpholine, the obtained Swern reagent reacts with an alcohol compound shown in the formula (IV), and aldehyde or ketone is prepared after after-treatment. The defects of an existing Swern oxidation method are overcome, generation of a stink byproduct dimethyl sulfide and toxic carbon monoxide is avoided from the source, the reaction temperature is increased to be -30 DEG C to 0 DEG C, and an odorless byproduct novel sulfur ether can be recycled and reused. The formulas are shown in the description.
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Paragraph 0062; 0063; 0064; 0065; 0087; 0089
(2016/12/01)
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- Development and evaluation of ST-1829 based on 5-benzylidene-2-phenylthiazolones as promising agent for anti-leukotriene therapy
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Different inflammatory diseases and allergic reactions are mediated by leukotrienes, which arise from the oxygenation of arachidonic acid catalyzed by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). One promising approach for an effective anti-leukotriene therapy is the inhibition of this key enzyme. This study presents the synthesis and development of a potent and direct 5-LO inhibitor based on the well characterized 5-benzylidene-2-phenylthiazolone C06, whose further pharmacological investigation was precluded due to its low solubility. Through optimization of C06, evaluation of structure-activity relationships including profound assessment of the thiazolone core and consideration of the solubility, the 5-benzyl-2-phenyl-4-hydroxythiazoles represented by 46 (ST-1829, 5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-p-tolylthiazol-4-ol) were developed. Compound 46 showed an improved 5-LO inhibitory activity in cell-based (ICinf50/inf values 0.141/4M) and cell-free assays (ICinf50/inf values 0.03 1/4M) as well as a prominent enhanced solubility. Furthermore, it kept its promising inhibitory potency in the presence of blood serum, excluding excessive binding to serum proteins. These facts combined with the non-cytotoxic profile mark a major step towards an effective anti-inflammatory therapy.
- Lill, Andreas P.,R?dl, Carmen B.,Steinhilber, Dieter,Stark, Holger,Hofmann, Bettina
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supporting information
p. 503 - 523
(2014/12/11)
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- Access to nitriles from aldehydes mediated by an oxoammonium salt
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A scalable, high yielding, rapid route to access an array of nitriles from aldehydes mediated by an oxoammonium salt (4-acetylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxoammonium tetrafluoroborate) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) as an ammonia surrogate has been developed. The reaction likely involves two distinct chemical transformations: reversible silyl-imine formation between HMDS and an aldehyde, followed by oxidation mediated by the oxoammonium salt and desilylation to furnish a nitrile. The spent oxidant can be easily recovered and used to regenerate the oxoammonium salt oxidant.
- Kelly, Christopher B.,Lambert, Kyle M.,Mercadante, Michael A.,Ovian, John M.,Bailey, William F.,Leadbeater, Nicholas E.
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p. 4241 - 4245
(2015/04/14)
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- Protected amino hydroxy adamantane carboxylic acid and process for its preparation
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Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP 4) inhibiting compounds are provided. The provided compounds can be used for treating diabetes and related diseases, especially Type II diabetes, and other diseases as set out herein, employing such DP 4 inhibitor or a combination of such DP 4 inhibitor and one or more of another antidiabetic agent such as metformin, glyburide, troglitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone and/or insulin and/or one or more of a hypolipidemic agent and/or anti-obesity agent and/or other therapeutic agent.
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- A TEMPO-free copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of alcohols
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The copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols without an external N-oxide co-oxidant is described. The catalyst system is composed of a Cu/diamine complex inspired by the enzyme tyrosinase, along with dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) or N-methylimidazole (NMI). The Cu catalyst system works without 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-l-piperidinoxyl (TEMPO) at ambient pressure and temperature, and displays activity for un-activated secondary alcohols, which remain a challenging substrate for catalytic aerobic systems. Our work underscores the importance of finding alternative mechanistic pathways for alcohol oxidation, which complement Cu/TEMPO systems, and demonstrate, in this case, a preference for the oxidation of activated secondary over primary alcohols.
- Xu, Boran,Lumb, Jean-Philip,Arndtsen, Bruce A.
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supporting information
p. 4208 - 4211
(2015/04/14)
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- Discovery of novel 2,5-dioxoimidazolidine-based P2X7 receptor antagonists as constrained analogues of KN62
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Novel 2,5-dioxoimidazolidine-based conformationally constrained analogues of KN62 (1) were developed as P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) antagonists using a rigidification strategy of the tyrosine backbone of 1. SAR analysis of the 2,5-dioxoimidazolidine scaffold indicated that piperidine substitution at the N3 position and no substitution at N1 position were preferable. Further optimization of the substituents at the piperidine nitrogen and the spacer around the skeleton resulted in several superior antagonists to 1, including 1-adamantanecarbonyl analogue 21i (IC50 = 23 nM in ethidium uptake assay; IC50 = 14 nM in IL-1β ELISA assay) and (3-CF3-4-Cl)benzoyl analogue (-)-21w (54 nM in ethidium uptake assay; 9 nM in IL-1β ELISA assay), which was more potent than the corresponding (+) isomer. Compound 21w displayed potent inhibitory activity in an ex vivo model of LTP-induced pain signaling in the spinal cord and significant anti-inflammatory activity in in vivo models of carrageenan-induced paw edema and type II collagen-induced joint arthritis.
- Park, Jin-Hee,Lee, Ga-Eun,Lee, So-Deok,Hien, Tran Thi,Kim, Sujin,Yang, Jin Won,Cho, Joong-Heui,Ko, Hyojin,Lim, Sung-Chul,Kim, Yoon-Gyoon,Kang, Keon-Wook,Kim, Yong-Chul
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supporting information
p. 2114 - 2134
(2015/03/30)
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- Experimental and Computational Mechanistic Investigation of Chlorocarbene Additions to Bridgehead Carbene-Anti-Bredt Systems: Noradamantylcarbene-Adamantene and Adamantylcarbene-Homoadamantene
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Cophotolysis of noradamantyldiazirine with the phenanthride precursor of dichlorocarbene or phenylchlorodiazirine in pentane at room temperature produces noradamantylethylenes in 11% yield with slight diastereoselectivity. Cophotolysis of adamantyldiazirine with phenylchlorodiazirine in pentane at room temperature generates adamantylethylenes in 6% yield with no diastereoselectivity. 1H NMR showed the reaction of noradamantyldiazirine + phenylchlorodiazirine to be independent of solvent, and the rate of noradamantyldiazirine consumption correlated with the rate of ethylene formation. Laser flash photolysis showed that reaction of phenylchlorocarbene + adamantene was independent of adamantene concentration. The reaction of phenylchlorocarbene + homoadamantene produces the ethylene products with k = 9.6 × 105 M-1 s-1. Calculations at the UB3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) and UM062X/6-31+G(d,p)//UB3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) levels show the formation of exocyclic ethylenes to proceed (a) on the singlet surface via stepwise addition of phenylchlorocarbene (PhCCl) to bridgehead alkenes adamantene and homoadamantene, respectively, producing an intermediate singlet diradical in each case, or (b) via addition of PhCCl to the diazo analogues of noradamantyl- and adamantyldiazirine. Preliminary direct dynamics calculations on adamantene + PhCCl show a high degree of recrossing (68%), indicative of a flat transition state surface. Overall, 9% of the total trajectories formed noradamantylethylene product, each proceeding via the computed singlet diradical.
- Hare, Stephanie R.,Orman, Marina,Dewan, Faizunnahar,Dalchand, Elizabeth,Buzard, Camilla,Ahmed, Sadia,Tolentino, Julia C.,Sethi, Ulweena,Terlizzi, Kelly,Houferak, Camille,Stein, Aliza M.,Stedronsky, Alexandra,Thamattoor, Dasan M.,Tantillo, Dean J.,Merrer, Dina C.
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p. 5049 - 5065
(2015/06/02)
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- TEMPO-Catalyzed Oxidative Amidation of Alcohols via Hexafluoroisopropyl Esters
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Stepwise oxidative amidation of alcohols using trichloroisocyanuric acid, a catalytic amount of TEMPO in combination with pyridine and hexafluoroisopropyl (HFIP) alcohol followed by amines is described. This procedure used HFIP esters as activating esters which were found to be very efficient acylating agents for amide bond formation. This process is compatible with a number of functional groups and acid-sensitive protecting groups.
- Vatèle, Jean-Michel
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supporting information
p. 2280 - 2284
(2015/09/28)
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- A PROCESS FOR INDUSTRIAL PREPARATION OF [(S)-N-TERT BUTOXYCARBONYL-3-HYDROXY]ADAMANTYLGLYCINE
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A commercially viable process for industrial preparation of [(S)-n-tert butoxycarbonyl-3-hydroxy]adamantylglycine which is a key intermediate for saxagliptin synthesis and is represented by compound of Formula-VI. The compound-VI obtained by the process of present invention has more than 99.5% HPLC purity, not more than 0.15 % of dihydroxy impurity, not more than 0.05% of isomer impurity and not more than 0.1% of any unknown impurity. Formula (VI).
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- Oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones with 1-acetoxy-1,2- benziodoxole-3(1H)-one derivatives
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Various benzylic and aliphatic alcohols were smoothly oxidized to the corresponding aromatic aldehydes and ketones as well as aliphatic ketones by treatment with 1-acetoxy-5-nitro-1,2-benziodoxole-3(1H)-one (ANBX), 1-acetoxy-5-bromo-1,2-benziodoxole-3(1H)-one (ABBX), 1-acetoxy-5-chloro-1,2- benziodoxole-3(1H)-one (ACBX), and 1-acetoxy-5-fluoro-1,2-benziodoxole-3(1H)-one (AFBX). These new tri-valent iodine compounds were prepared from 5-substituted 2-iodobenzoic acids and meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA). ANBX and ABBX were the most effective reagents for this oxidation of alcohols, and this present reaction is very attractive because of the ease of product isolation and the reusability of the reagents.
- Iinuma, Masataka,Moriyama, Katsuhiko,Togo, Hideo
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p. 772 - 780
(2014/03/21)
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