- Thermal behavior of ammonium dinitramide and amine nitrate mixtures
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This paper focuses on the thermal behavior of mixtures of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) and amine nitrates. Because some mixtures of ADN and amine nitrate exhibit low melting points and high-energy content, they represent potential liquid propellants for spacecraft. This study focused on the melting behavior and thermal-decomposition mechanisms in the condensed phase of ADN/amine nitrate mixtures during heating. We measured the melting point and exothermal behavior during constant-rate heating using differential scanning calorimetry and performed thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis–mass spectrometry (TG–DTA–MS) to analyze the thermal behavior and evolved gases of ADN/amine nitrate mixtures during simultaneous heating to investigate their reaction mechanisms. Results showed that the melting point of ADN was significantly lowered upon the addition of amine nitrate with relatively low molecular volume and low melting point. TG–DTA–MS results showed that the onset temperature of the thermal decomposition of ADN/amine nitrates was similar to that of pure ADN. Furthermore, during thermal decomposition in the condensed phase, ADN produced highly acidic products that promoted exothermic reactions, and we observed the nitration and nitrosation of amines from the dissociation of amine nitrates.
- Matsunaga, Hiroki,Katoh, Katsumi,Habu, Hiroto,Noda, Masaru,Miyake, Atsumi
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p. 2677 - 2685
(2018/11/23)
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- A Metal-Free and Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Bromination in Water
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A metal-free aerobic oxidative bromination of aromatic compounds in water has been developed. Hydrobromic acid is used as a bromine source and 2-methylpyridinium nitrate ionic liquid is used as a recyclable catalyst. Water is used as the reaction mediate. This is the first report of aerobic oxidative bromination using only catalytic amount of metal-free catalyst. This system shows not only high bromine atom economy, but also high bromination selectivity. The possible mechanism and the role of the catalyst in this system have also been discussed.
- Wang, Jian,Chen, Shu-Bin,Wang, Shu-Guang,Li, Jing-Hua
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p. 513 - 517
(2015/03/30)
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- Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Amines by Ceric Ammonium Nitrate in Nitric Acid Medium
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The kinetics of oxidation of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, dimethyl and trimethyl amines by Ce(4+) in moderately concentrated acid medium has been studied.The rate law for the oxidation of amines is: .A mechanism involving the attack of the oxidant at the nitrogen atom has been suggested.Ammonia and the corresponding aldehyde or ketone are the products of oxidation of aliphatic primary amines while formaldehyde and other amines are the products when dimethyl and trimethyl amine are used as the substrates.The thermodynamic parameters for the oxidation of amines are also presented.
- Rao, M. Anand,Sethuram, B.,Rao, T. Navaneeth
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p. 747 - 749
(2007/10/02)
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