- Ligand compound for copper catalyzed aryl halide coupling reaction, catalytic system and coupling reaction
-
The invention provides a ligand compound capable of being used for copper catalyzed aryl halide coupling reaction, the ligand compound is a three-class compound containing a 2-(substituted or non-substituted) aminopyridine nitrogen-oxygen group, and the invention also provides a catalytic system for the aryl halide coupling reaction. Thecatalytic system comprises a copper catalyst, a compound containing a 2-(substituted or non-substituted) aminopyridine nitrogen-oxygen group adopted as a ligand, alkali and a solvent, and meanwhile, the invention also provides a system for the aryl halide coupling reaction adopting the catalyst system. The compound containing the 2-(substituted or non-substituted) aminopyridine nitrogen oxygen group can be used as the ligand for the copper catalyzed aryl chloride coupling reaction, and the ligand is stable under a strong alkaline condition and can well maintain catalytic activity when being used for the copper-catalyzed aryl chloride coupling reaction. In addition, the copper catalyst adopting the compound as the ligand can particularly effectively promote coupling of copper catalyzed aryl chloride and various nucleophilic reagents which are difficult to generate under conventional conditions, C-N, C-O and C-S bonds are generated, and numerous useful small molecule compounds are synthesized. Therefore, the aryl halide coupling reaction has a very good large-scale application prospect by adopting the copper catalysis system of the ligand.
- -
-
Paragraph 0134-0139
(2021/05/29)
-
- PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF COMPLEMENT MEDIATED DISORDERS
-
This disclosure provides pharmaceutical compounds to treat medical disorders, such as complement-mediated disorders, including complement Cl -mediated disorders.
- -
-
Page/Page column 305
(2020/10/18)
-
- Preparation method of 4-phenoxybenzylalcohol
-
The invention relates to a preparation method of 4-phenoxybenzylalcohol. The preparation method comprises the specific steps: A, adding a proper amount of dimethyl sulfate, p-fluorobenzaldehyde, phenol, inorganic alkali and cuprous salt into a reaction kettle; stirring and raising the temperature; controlling the temperature to 100 DEG C to 150 DEG C and reacting; after reacting completely, cooling to room temperature; filtering to remove the inorganic salt; then recycling the dimethyl sulfate to obtain 4-phenoxybenzaldehyde and adding the 4-phenoxybenzaldehyde into methanol and dissolving; B,adding a methanol solution containing the 4-phenoxybenzaldehyde and a catalyst into a pressure kettle and controlling the temperature to 50 DEG C to 70 DEG C; introducing hydrogen gas and reacting; keeping the pressure of the hydrogen gas to be 5kg/cm or more; after reacting completely, cooling to the room temperature; filtering under an oxygen-free condition to remove the catalyst; then recycling the methanol; cooling and crystallizing a residual product to obtain the 4-phenoxybenzylalcohol. The preparation method of the 4-phenoxybenzylalcohol, provided by the invention, has a simple route and a high yield.
- -
-
Paragraph 0015; 0016; 0018
(2018/03/24)
-
- Preparation method of 4-benzyloxybenzyl alcohol
-
The invention relates to a preparation method of 4-benzyloxybenzyl alcohol. The preparation method comprises the specific steps: A, adding a proper amount of dimethylformamide, p-fluorobenzaldehyde, phenol, inorganic alkali and cuprous salt in a reaction kettle, stirring to rise the temperature, controlling the temperature at 100 DEG C to 150 DEG C and carrying out a reaction, after completion ofthe reaction, cooling to room temperature, filtering to remove inorganic salt, then recycling dimethylformamide, adding the obtained 4-benzyloxybenzaldehyde in methanol and dissolving; and B, adding the methanol solution of 4-benzyloxybenzaldehyde and a catalyst into a pressure kettle, controlling the temperature at 50 DEG C to 70 DEG C, introducing hydrogen and carrying out a reaction, keeping the hydrogen pressure at 5 kg/cm or more, after completion of the reaction, cooling to room temperature, filtering to remove the catalyst under anaerobic conditions, then recycling methanol, carryingout cooling crystallization of the remaining product, and thus obtaining 4-benzyloxybenzyl alcohol. The preparation method of 4-benzyloxybenzyl alcohol is simple in route and high in yield.
- -
-
Paragraph 0017-0020
(2018/03/25)
-
- COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR REDUCTION OF KETONES, ALDEHYDES AND IMINIUMS, AND PRODUCTS PRODUCED THEREBY
-
A method of producing an alcohol, comprises reducing an aldehyde or a ketone with a hydridosilatrane. The reducing is carried out with an activator.
- -
-
Paragraph 0076-0077
(2018/01/20)
-
- HISTONE DEMETHYLASE INHIBITORS
-
This disclosure relates to compounds that inhibit histone demethylase activity. In particular, the disclosure relates to compounds that inhibit histone lysine demethylase KDM5B, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use, such as methods of treating cancer using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein.
- -
-
Paragraph 0225-0227
(2017/09/08)
-
- Copper-Catalyzed Diaryl Ether Formation from (Hetero)aryl Halides at Low Catalytic Loadings
-
Diaryl formation is achieved by coupling phenols and (hetero)aryl halides under the catalysis of CuI/N,N′-bis(2-phenylphenyl) oxalamide (BPPO) or CuI/N-(2-phenylphenyl)-N′-benzyl oxalamide (PPBO) at 90 °C using DMF or MeCN as the solvent. Only 0.2-2 mol % CuI and ligand are required for complete conversion, which represents the lowest catalytic loadings for a general Cu/ligand-catalyzed diaryl ether formation.
- Zhai, Yuntong,Chen, Xiaofei,Zhou, Wei,Fan, Mengyang,Lai, Yisheng,Ma, Dawei
-
p. 4964 - 4969
(2017/05/12)
-
- CuI/oxalamide catalyzed couplings of (hetero)aryl chlorides and phenols for diaryl ether formation
-
Couplings between (hetero)aryl chlorides and phenols can be effectively promoted by CuI in combination with an N-aryl-N′-alkyl-substituted oxalamide ligand to proceed smoothly at 120 °C. For this process, N-aryl-N′-alkyl-substituted oxalamides are more effective ligands than bis(N-aryl)-substituted oxalamides. A wide range of electron-rich and electron-poor aryl and heteroaryl chlorides gave the corresponding coupling products in good yields. Satisfactory conversions were achieved with electron-rich phenols as well as a limited range of electron-poor phenols. Catalyst and ligand loadings as low as 1.5 mol % are sufficient for the scaled-up variants of some of these reactions. Aryl and alkyl: N-Aryl-N′-alkyl-substituted oxalamide ligands promote the CuI catalyzed coupling of (hetero)aryl chlorides and phenols at 120 °C more effectively than bis(N-aryl)-substituted oxalamides. A wide range of electron-rich and electron-poor aryl and heteroaryl chlorides were converted into the corresponding coupling products in good yields.
- Fan, Mengyang,Zhou, Wei,Jiang, Yongwen,Ma, Dawei
-
supporting information
p. 6211 - 6215
(2016/05/24)
-
- Silatrane as a Practical and Selective Reagent for the Reduction of Aryl Aldehydes to Benzylic Alcohols
-
Hydrosilanes are cheap, readily available substrates, yet they do not see as extensive use for simple carbonyl reductions as borohydrides. Hydrosilane reducing agents broadly fall into one of two general categories: either a) they are easy to handle and require expensive and/or hazardous additives, or b) they are difficult and/or dangerous to handle. This work details the discovery of mild and functional group compatible conditions utilizing hydrosilatrane for the selective reduction of aryl aldehydes to benzylic alcohols without unwanted formation of ethers or deoxygenated products. This method offers significant advances in silane reductions as silatrane is an air- and moisture-stable yet relatively reactive reducing agent that can be used in benchtop open air reactions.
- Skrypai, Vladislav,Hurley, Joseph J. M.,Adler, Marc J.
-
supporting information
p. 2207 - 2211
(2016/05/09)
-
- Using the same hydroxamic acid derivative and HDAC8 inhibitor (by machine translation)
-
Disclosed are: a compound which is capable of inhibiting the function of HDAC8; and an HDAC8 inhibitor. Specifically disclosed is a hydroxamic acid derivative which is characterized by being composed of a compound represented by general formula (1) (wherein X represents an aromatic substituent or an optionally substituted 3-8 membered ring, and n represents an integer of 0-20), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or prodrug thereof.
- -
-
Paragraph 0071; 0072
(2016/10/09)
-
- A counteranion triggered arylation strategy using diaryliodonium fluorides
-
A mild and transition metal-free counteranion triggered arylation strategy has been developed using diaryliodonium fluorides. The fluoride counteranion within the hypervalent iodonium species displays unusual reactivity that activates a phenolic O-H bond leading to electrophilic O-arylation. A wide range of phenols and diaryliodonium salts are compatible with this transformation under remarkably mild conditions. Furthermore, we pre-empt the wider implications of this strategy by demonstrating the compatibility of the arylation tactic with latent carbon nucleophiles.
- Chan,McNally,Toh,Mendoza,Gaunt
-
p. 1277 - 1281
(2015/02/05)
-
- 2,3-DIHYDROIMIDAZO[1 ,2-c] PYRIMIDIN-5(1 H)-ONE COMPOUNDS USE AS LP-PLA2 INHIBITORS
-
Disclosed are 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(1H)-one compounds that inhibit Lp-PLA2, processes for their preparation, compositions containing them and their use in the treatment of diseases associated with the activity of Lp-PLA2, for example atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease.
- -
-
Paragraph 0178; 0759
(2014/07/08)
-
- BICYCLIC PYRIMIDONE COMPOUNDS
-
The present invention relates to novel bicyclic pyrimidone compounds that inhibit Lp-PLA2 activity, processes for their preparation, to compositions containing them and to their use in the treatment of diseases associated with the activity of Lp-PLA2, for example atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease.
- -
-
Paragraph 0180; 0274
(2014/07/08)
-
- BICYCLIC PYRIMIDONE COMPOUNDS
-
The present invention relates to novel bicyclic pyrimidone compounds that inhibit Lp-PLA2 activity, processes for their preparation, to compositions containing them and to their use in the treatment of diseases associated with the activity of Lp-PLA2, for example atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease.
- -
-
Page/Page column 35
(2013/03/26)
-
- 2,3-DIHYDROIMIDAZO[1,2-C] PYRIMIDIN-5(1H)-ONE COMPOUNDS USE AS LP-PLA2 INHIBITORS
-
Disclosed are 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-5(1H)-one compounds that inhibit Lp-PLA2, processes for their preparation, compositions containing them and their use in the treatment of diseases associated with the activity of Lp-PLA2, for example atherosclerosis, Alzheimer?s disease
- -
-
Page/Page column 79
(2013/03/26)
-
- COMPOUNDS
-
The present invention relates to novel compounds that inhibit Lp-PLA2 activity, processes for their preparation, to compositions containing them and to their use in the treatment of diseases associated with the activity of Lp-PLA2, for example atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease.
- -
-
Paragraph 0179-0182; 0274-0276
(2013/03/26)
-
- Rapid discovery of highly potent and selective inhibitors of histone deacetylase 8 using click chemistry to generate candidate libraries
-
To find HDAC8-selective inhibitors, we designed a library of HDAC inhibitor candidates, each containing a zinc-binding group that coordinates with the active-site zinc ion, linked via a triazole moiety to a capping structure that interacts with residues on the rim of the active site. These compounds were synthesized by using click chemistry. Screening identified HDAC8-selective inhibitors including C149 (IC50 = 0.070 μM), which was more potent than PCI-34058 (6) (IC50 = 0.31 μM), a known HDAC8 inhibitor. Molecular modeling suggested that the phenylthiomethyl group of C149 binds to a unique hydrophobic pocket of HDAC8, and the orientation of the phenylthiomethyl and hydroxamate moieties (fixed by the triazole moiety) is important for the potency and selectivity. The inhibitors caused selective acetylation of cohesin in cells and exerted growth-inhibitory effects on T-cell lymphoma and neuroblastoma cells (GI50 = 3-80 μM). These findings suggest that HDAC8-selective inhibitors have potential as anticancer agents.
- Suzuki, Takayoshi,Ota, Yosuke,Ri, Masaki,Bando, Masashige,Gotoh, Aogu,Itoh, Yukihiro,Tsumoto, Hiroki,Tatum, Prima R.,Mizukami, Tamio,Nakagawa, Hidehiko,Iida, Shinsuke,Ueda, Ryuzo,Shirahige, Katsuhiko,Miyata, Naoki
-
p. 9562 - 9575
(2013/01/16)
-
- An unexpected example of protein-templated click chemistry
-
(Figure Presented) It all happened with a click: In a search for histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors using in situ click chemistry, the first example of protein-Cu acceleration of the azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction was uncovered. The copper center
- Suzuki, Takayoshi,Ota, Yosuke,Kasuya, Yuki,Mutsuga, Motoh,Kawamura, Yoko,Tsumoto, Hiroki,Nakagawa, Hidehiko,Finn,Miyata, Naoki
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 6817 - 6820
(2010/12/19)
-
- (2-Pyridyl)acetone-promoted Cu-catalyzed O-arylation of phenols with aryl iodides, bromides, and chlorides
-
(Chemical Equation Presented) Employing (2-pyridyl)acetone as a new supporting ligand, the copper-catalyzed coupling reactions of aryl chlorides, aryl bromides, and aryl iodides with various phenols successfully proceeded in good yields under mild conditions. This reaction displays great functional groups compatibility and excellent reactive selectivity.
- Zhang, Qi,Wang, Deping,Wang, Xianyang,Ding, Ke
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 7187 - 7190
(2009/12/09)
-
- 2,6-DISUBSTITUTED PYRIDINES AS SOLUBLE GUANYLATE CYCLASE ACTIVATORS
-
Disclosed are compounds of formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, halo, CF3, C1-4alkyl and allyl; Y represents (II), (III), (IV) or (V) wherein R3 represents CF3 or C1-4alkyl; and R3a represents CF3 or C1-4alkyl.
- -
-
Page/Page column 64
(2009/07/17)
-
- Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling investigation of chiral 2-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-3-phenyl-propanoic acid derivatives with PPARα and PPARγ agonist activity
-
PPARs are ligand-activated transcription factors that govern lipid and glucose homeostasis and play a central role in cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. Herein, we present screening results for a series of chiral 2-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-3-phenyl-propanoic acid derivatives, some of which are potent PPARγ agonists as well as PPARα agonists. To investigate the binding modes of the most interesting derivatives into the PPARα and PPARγ binding clefts and evaluate their agonist activity, docking experiments, molecular dynamics simulations, and MM-PBSA analysis were performed.
- Fracchiolla, Giuseppe,Lavecchia, Antonio,Laghezza, Antonio,Piemontese, Luca,Trisolini, Raffaella,Carbonara, Giuseppe,Tortorella, Paolo,Novellino, Ettore,Loiodice, Fulvio
-
experimental part
p. 9498 - 9510
(2009/04/05)
-
- NOVEL ANTIMALARIA AGENT CONTAINING HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND
-
Disclosed is an antimalarial agent containing a compound represented by the formula: [wherein A1 represents a 3-pyridyl group that may have a substituent, a 6-quinolyl group that may have a substituent, or the like; X1 represents a group represented by the formula -C(=O)-NH- or the like; E represents a furyl group, a thienyl group or a phenyl group; with the proviso that A1 may have one to three substituents, and E has one of two substituents] or a salt thereof or hydrates thereof.
- -
-
Page/Page column 68
(2008/06/13)
-
- Facile N-arylation of amines and sulfonamides and O-arylation of phenols and arenecarboxylic acids
-
An efficient, transition-metal-free procedure for the N-arylation of amines, sulfonamides, and carbamates and O-arylation of phenols and carboxylic acids has been achieved by allowing these substrates to react with a variety of o-silylaryl inflates in the presence of CsF. Good to excellent yields of arylated products are obtained under very mild reaction conditions. This chemistry readily tolerates a variety of functional groups.
- Liu, Zhijian,Larock, Richard C.
-
p. 3198 - 3209
(2007/10/03)
-
- NOVEL ANTIFUNGAL AGENT COMPRISING HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND
-
The present invention provides an antifungal agent represented by the formula: [wherein A1 represents a 3-pyridyl group which may have a substituent, a quinolyl group which may have a substituent, or the like; X1 represents a group represented by the formula -NH-C(=O)-, a group represented by the formula -C(=O)-NH-, or the like; E represents a furyl group, a thienyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a phenyl group, a pyridyl group, a tetrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group or a pyrazolyl group; with the proviso that A1 may have 1 to 3 substituents, and E has one or two substituents].
- -
-
Page/Page column 77
(2010/11/08)
-
- RECEPTOR FUNCTION REGULATING AGENT
-
An agent for regulating 14273 receptor function, which is useful as a preventing or treating drug for diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia or the like, is provided. An agent for regulating 14273 receptor function comprising a compound containing an aromatic ring and a group capable of releasing a cation.
- -
-
Page/Page column 104
(2010/11/23)
-
- Thio-substituted arylmethanesulfinyl derivatives
-
The present invention is related to chemical compositions, processes for the preparation thereof and uses of the composition. Particularly, the present invention relates to compositions of compounds of Formula (A): wherein Ar, X, Y, R1, R2
- -
-
Page/Page column 31
(2008/06/13)
-
- AMINOETHANOL DERIVATIVES
-
The present invention provides a pharmaceutical agent having cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitory action and useful as a blood lipid lowering agent and the like. The present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula wherein Ar1 is an aromatic ring group optionally having substituents, Ar2 is an aromatic ring group having substituents, OR'' is an optionally protected hydroxyl group, R is an acyl group, R' is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group optionally having substituents, or a salt thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition containing a compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.
- -
-
Page/Page column 121
(2010/11/30)
-
- Benzimidazole compounds
-
A benzimidazole compound represented by the formula (I): wherein R3is a carboxyl group, a esterified carboxyl group, an amidated carboxyl group, an amino group, an amido group, or a sulfonyl group, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Because of their blood sugar-depressing effect or PDE5 inhibitory effect, these compounds or salts thereof are useful as medicines for treating impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, diabetic complications, syndrome of insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders, hyperglycemia, or hypertension; or stenocardia, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure, glomerulopathy, tubulointerstitial disorders, renal failure, atherosclerosis, angiostenosis, distal angiopathy, cerebral apoplexy, chronic reversible obstructions, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, glaucoma, diseases characterized by enteromotility disorders, impotence, diabetic complications, nephritis, cancerous cachexia, or restenosis after PTCA.
- -
-
Page column 152
(2010/02/05)
-
- Design and synthesis of aryloxyethyl thiocyanate derivatives as potent inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi proliferation
-
As a part of our project directed at the search of new chemotherapeutic agents against American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease), several drugs possessing the 4-phenoxyphenoxy skeleton and other closely related structures employing the thiocyanate moiety as polar end group were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as antiproliferative agents against Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite responsible for this disease. These thiocyanate analogues were envisioned bearing in mind the potent activity shown by 4- phenoxyphenoxyethyl thiocyanate (compound 8) taken as lead drug. This compound had previously proved to be an extremely active growth inhibitor against T. cruzi with IC50 values ranging from the very low micromolar level in epimastigotes to the low nanomolar level in the intracellular form of the parasite. Of the designed compounds, the ethyl thiocyanate drugs connected to nonpolar skeletons, namely, arylthio, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy, ortho-substituted aryloxy, and 2-methyl-4-phenoxyphenoxy (compounds 15, 34, 47, 52, 72, respectively), were shown to be very potent antireplicative agents against T. cruzi. On the other hand, conformationally restricted analogues as well as branched derivatives at the aliphatic side chain were shown to be moderately active against T. cruzi growth. The biological activity of drugs bearing the thiocyanate group correlated quite well with the activity exhibited by their normal precursors, the tetrahydropyranyl ether derivatives, when bonded to the same nonpolar skeleton. Compounds having the tetrahydropyranyl moiety as polar end were proportionally much less active than sulfur-containing derivatives in all cases. Drugs 47 and 72 also resulted to be very active against the amastigote form of the parasite growing in myoblasts; however, they were slightly less active than the lead drug 8. On the other hand, compounds 34 and 52 were almost devoid of activity against myoblasts. Surprisingly, the dithio derivative 15 was toxic for myoblasts.
- Szajnman, Sergio H.,Yan, Wen,Bailey, Brian N.,Docampo, Roberto,Elhalem, Eleonora,Rodriguez, Juan B.
-
p. 1826 - 1840
(2007/10/03)
-
- Benzimidazole derivatives
-
PCT No. PCT/JP96/03858 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 2, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 2, 1998 PCT Filed Dec. 27, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97/24334 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 10, 1997Novel benzimidazole derivatives represented by the formula (I): wherein R3 is a carboxyl group, a esterified carboxyl group, an amidated carboxyl group, an amino group, an amido group, or a sulfonyl group, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Because of their blood sugar-depressing effect or PDE5 inhibitory effect, these compounds or salts thereof are useful as medicines for treating impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, diabetic complications, syndrome of insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders, hyperglycemia, or hypertension; or stenocardia, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure, glomerulopathy, tubulointerstitial disorders, renal failure, atherosclerosis, angiostenosis, distal angiopathy, cerebral apoplexy, chronic reversible obstructions, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, glaucoma, diseases characterized by enteromotility disorders, impotence, diabetic complications, nephritis, cancerous cachexia, or restenosis after PTCA.
- -
-
-
- Inhibitors of squalene synthetase and protein farnesyltransferase
-
The present invention provides a compound of the formula STR1 which inhibit squalene synthetase and cholesterol biosynthesis and are useful in the treatment of e.g., hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerosis, or fungal infections, processes for the preparation of the compounds of the invention, intermediates useful in these processes, and pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds.
- -
-
-
- Inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase and squalene synthase
-
The present invention provides a compound of the formula STR1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which are useful in inhibiting protein farnesyltransferase and the farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras or inhibiting de novo squalene production resulting in the inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis, processes for the preparation of the compounds of the invention in addition to intermediates useful in these processes, a pharmaceutical composition, and to methods of using such compounds.
- -
-
-
- Analogues of clofibrate and clobuzarit containing fluorine in the side chains
-
A series of analogues of clofibrate and 2-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-2-methylpropionic acid (clobuzarit) has been prepared by replacing the methyl groups by trifluoromethyl groups and changing the aromatic moiety. The activity of these compounds has been assayed on the plasma levels of cholesterol, Total Esterified Fatty Acids (T.E.F.A.) and fibrinogen in rats. It appears that derivatives of the first series which contain only one trifluoromethyl group are hypocholesterolaemic and that many mono- of bis- trifluoromethyl derivatives of the second series lower the levels of both cholesterol and T.E.F.A. in contrast to clobuzarit.
- Haydock,Mulholland,Telford,et al.
-
p. 205 - 214
(2007/10/02)
-