- Exploring the anti-cancer mechanism of novel 3,4′-substituted diaryl guanidinium derivatives
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We previously identified a guanidinium-based lead compound that inhibited BRAF through a hypothetic type-III allosteric mechanism. Considering the pharmacophore identified in this lead compound (i.e., “lipophilic group”, “di-substituted guanidine”, “phenylguanidine polar end”), several modifications were investigated to improve its cytotoxicity in different cancer cell lines. Thus, several lipophilic groups were explored, the di-substituted guanidine was replaced by a secondary amine and the phenyl ring in the polar end was substituted by a pyridine. In a structure-based design approach, four representative derivatives were docked into an in-house model of an active triphosphate-containing BRAF protein, and the interactions established were analysed. Based on these computational studies, a variety of derivatives was synthesized, and their predicted drug-like properties calculated. Next, the effect on cell viability of these compounds was assessed in cell line models of promyelocytic leukaemia and breast, cervical and colorectal carcinomas. The potential of a selection of these compounds as apoptotic agents was assessed by screening in the promyelocytic leukaemia cell line HL-60. The toxicity against non-tumorigenic epithelial MCF10A cells was also investigated. These studies allowed for several structure-activity relationships to be derived. Investigations on the mechanism of action of representative compounds suggest a divergent effect on inhibition of the MAPK/ERK signalling pathway.
- Previtali, Viola,Mihigo, Helene B.,Amet, Rebecca,McElligott, Anthony M.,Zisterer, Daniela M.,Rozas, Isabel
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- Design and synthesis of novel DFG-Out RAF/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibitors. 1. Exploration of [5,6]-fused bicyclic scaffolds
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To develop RAF/VEGFR2 inhibitors that bind to the inactive DFG-out conformation, we conducted structure-based drug design using the X-ray cocrystal structures of BRAF, starting from an imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivative. We designed various [5,6]-fused bicyclic scaffolds (ring A, 1-6) possessing an anilide group that forms two hydrogen bond interactions with Cys532. Stabilizing the planarity of this anilide and the nitrogen atom on the six-membered ring of the scaffold was critical for enhancing BRAF inhibition. The selected [1,3]thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine derivative 6d showed potent inhibitory activity in both BRAF and VEGFR2. Solid dispersion formulation of 6d (6d-SD) maximized its oral absorption in rats and showed significant suppression of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in an A375 melanoma xenograft model in rats by single administration. Tumor regression (T/C = -7.0%) in twice-daily repetitive studies at a dose of 50 mg/kg in rats confirmed that 6d is a promising RAF/VEGFR2 inhibitor showing potent anticancer activity.
- Okaniwa, Masanori,Hirose, Masaaki,Imada, Takashi,Ohashi, Tomohiro,Hayashi, Youko,Miyazaki, Tohru,Arita, Takeo,Yabuki, Masato,Kakoi, Kazuyo,Kato, Juran,Takagi, Terufumi,Kawamoto, Tomohiro,Yao, Shuhei,Sumita, Akihiko,Tsutsumi, Shunichirou,Tottori, Tsuneaki,Oki, Hideyuki,Sang, Bi-Ching,Yano, Jason,Aertgeerts, Kathleen,Yoshida, Sei,Ishikawa, Tomoyasu
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experimental part
p. 3452 - 3478
(2012/06/17)
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- HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND AND USE THEREOF
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Disclosed is a heterocyclic compound having a strong Raf inhibitory activity. Specifically disclosed is a compound represented by the formula (I), (II) or (III) below, or a salt thereof. (In the formulae, the symbols are as defined in the description.)
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Page/Page column 77
(2010/06/11)
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