- Synthesis of novel amphiphilic compounds containing AZA-12-crown-4 or D-glucosamine and their ion permeability
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New amphiphilic compounds (Types 1, 2, and 3) composed of triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, octanol, and aza-12-crown-4 or D-glucosamine were synthesized. Aza-12-crown-4 was connected to an amphiphlic alkyl chain by the -CO-N- linkage in Type 1 and by -C-N- in Type 2, and D-glucosamine was connected to it by -CO-N- in Type 3. The ion permeability of these compounds was elucidated by means of the black lipid membrane method with an alternating current (a,c.). Only Type 2 compound showed significant transmembrane currents when incorporated into the lipid bilayer membrane in aqueous NaCl, KC1, and RbCl solutions.
- Katoh, Akira,Ishida, Shin-Ichi,Ohkanda, Junko,Washizu, Masao
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- Transmembrane ion conductance by an acyclic bolaamphiphile.
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[reaction in text] An acyclic bolaamphiphile forms ion channels in vesicles and planar bilayer membranes that are closely similar to the channels formed by related bismacrocyclic compounds. Thus the function of these ion channels does not depend on synthetically difficult macrocyclic subunits.
- Fyles,Hu Cw,Knoy
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- A comparative study of the thermal properties of homologous series of crystallisable n-alkyl maleate and itaconate monoesters
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Homologous series of crystallisable C8-C22 even-numbered alkane oligomers with either maleate or itaconate monoesters end-groups were synthesized. Their total phase change enthalpy (ΔHtpce) and entropy (ΔStpce) on melting, determined by DSC, show a linear dependence with the number of carbons of the alkyl chain. A comparison was performed with corresponding succinate derivatives. The influence of the end functions on ΔStpce was examined in view of ΔStpce values estimated by the group additivity approach. A fair agreement between the experimental and the estimated entropy values could be demonstrated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has shown that the maleate oligomers are less stable than the corresponding succinate and itaconate derivatives. This behaviour could be confirmed by the activation energies of the degradation process.
- Richard, Jean-Victor,Delaite, Christelle,Riess, Gérard,Schuller, Anne-Sophie
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p. 136 - 143
(2015/12/26)
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- Fluorocompound, silver halide photographic light-sensitive material, surfactant, and water-based coating composition employing same
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A fluorocompound denoted by general formula (1) below (wherein R1 denotes a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having a total of at least six carbon atoms, with R1 not being an alkyl group substituted with a fluorine atom; Rf denotes a perfluoroalkyl group having not more than six carbon atoms; either X1 or X2 denotes a hydrogen atom and the other denotes SO3M; M denotes a cation; and n denotes an integer of not less than 1) was disclosed. A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material having at least one layer comprising a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer on a support and comprising a compound denoted by general formula (1) above was also disclosed.
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- The properties of a family of two-headed surfactant systems: The 4- alkyl-3-sulfosuccinates 2. Surface properties of alkyl sulfosuccinate micelles
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The micellar properties of a family of two-headed surfactants, the alkyl sulfosuccinates, were investigated employing fluorescence, ultra-violet spectroscopy, and acid-base titrations, as a function of the chain length of the surfactant. Polarity of the micellar interior was investigated using pyrene and the ionic probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalensulfonic acid ammonium salt (ANS). Pyrene I1/I3 ratios were used to probe the microenvironment of the probe in the palisade layer of the micelle. The pK(a) values of both of the anionic head groups were determined using acid-base titrations. Surface potential measurements were obtained from the measurement of the pK(a) of the hydrophobic indicator, 7-hydroxycoumarin, at the sulfosuccinate micellar interface. All of these results were used to examine the surface properties of the alkyl sulfosuccinate micelles and the polarity of the micellar interior.
- MacInnis, Judith A.,Boucher, Greg D.,Palepu,Marangoni, D.Gerard
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p. 340 - 347
(2007/10/03)
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- A nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the micellar properties of two-headed surfactant systems: The disodium 4-alkyl-3-sulfonatosuccinates. 1. Equilibrium micellar properties
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A family of two-headed surfactants, the disodium 4-alkyl-3- sulfonatosuccinates, has been synthesized by the monoesterification of maleic anhydride and the addition of sodium bisulfite to the corresponding monoester. The properties the micelles formed by these compounds in aqueous solution, and the conformations of the chains comprising the micellar interior, have been investigated using a combination of 1-D nmr experiments and homonuclear and heteronuclear 2-D nmr techniques. The critical micelle concentrations (cmc's) and the aggregation numbers determined from the nmr experiments indicate that, in agreement with the earlier literature on other two-headed surfactant systems, these amphiphiles have high cmc's and low aggregation numbers when compared to single-headed surfactants of comparable chain length. All these results are interpreted in terms of the effect of adding a second headgroup to a single-headed, single-tailed surfactant.
- Boucher, Gregory D.,MacDonald, Aaron C.,Hawrylak, Brent E.,Marangoni, D. Gerrard
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p. 1266 - 1273
(2007/10/03)
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- Montmorillonite clay catalysis. Part 10. K-10 and KSF-catalysed acylation of alcohols, phenols, thiols and amines: Scope and limitation
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Montmorillonite K-10 and KSF are highly efficient catalysts for the acetylation of a variety of alcohols, thiols, phenols and amines with acetic anhydride. Amino groups can be selectively acetylated in the presence of hydroxy groups, while the hydroxy groups can be preferentially acetylated in the presence of thiol groups. No selectivity is observed between primary and secondary hydroxy groups in the presence of K-10 and KSF. The catalysts are found not to be efficient for acetylation of tertiary alcohols. This method is simple and convenient with minimum environmental impact. The catalysts are also effective for the acylation of alcohols, thiols, phenols and amines with acetyl chloride and benzoyl chloride. Cyclic anhydrides such as succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride and p-toluene sulfonyl chloride show less reactivity than acetic anhydride and acyl chlorides.
- Li, Tong-Shuang,Li, Ai-Xiao
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p. 1913 - 1917
(2007/10/03)
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- Novel sulphosuccinates and detergent compositions containing them
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The invention provides novel dialkyl sulphosuccinates in which one alkyl group is C6 and the other is C8, both alkyl groups preferably being straight chain. The soluble salts of these materials are useful detergents, exhibiting outstandingly good foaming performance, and may be used, for example, in shampoos, fabric washing compositions and, in particular, manual dishwashing compositions.
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