- Colloidal and Nanosized Catalysts in Organic Synthesis: XX. Continuous Hydrogenation of Imines and Enamines Catalyzed by Nickel Nanoparticles
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Nickel nanoparticles on the BAU-A active carbon or NaX zeolite catalyze hydrogenation of imines and enamines in a flow reactor in a gas phase or in a gas–liquid–solid catalyst system. The process occurs at atmospheric pressure of hydrogen and gives secondary or tertiary amines in a high yield.
- Popov, Yu. V.,Mokhov,Latyshova,Nebykov,Panov,Davydova
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p. 2035 - 2038
(2018/12/11)
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- Catalytic hydrogenation of amides to amines under mild conditions
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Under (not so much) pressure: A general method for the hydrogenation of tertiary and secondary amides to amines with excellent selectivity using a bimetallic Pd-Re catalyst has been developed. The reaction proceeds under low pressure and comparatively low temperature. This method provides organic chemists with a simple and reliable tool for the synthesis of amines. Copyright
- Stein, Mario,Breit, Bernhard
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supporting information
p. 2231 - 2234
(2013/03/28)
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- A novel method for N-alkylation of aliphatic amines with ethers over ?3-Al2O3
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A novel and simple method for the N-alkylation of amines with different ethers as alkylating reagents has been developed, using cheap ?3-Al2O3 as the catalyst at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range of 260-320?°C. For example, the reaction of equ
- Chen, Hangeng,Zhang, Tao,Qian, Chao,Chen, Xinzhi
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p. 537 - 540
(2015/03/05)
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- Leishmanicidal potential of N-substituted morpholine derivatives: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships
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A series of N-substituted morpholines 2-20 was synthesised by reacting various acid chlorides and alkyl halides with morpholine (1). All of the synthesised compounds 2-20 were screened for their leishmanicidal effects using amphotericin B (IC50 = 0.24 μg L-1) and pentamidine (IC50 = 2.56 μg mL-1) as standards and a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was established. The compounds 2 (IC50 = 48 μg mL-1), 3 (IC50 = 30.0 μg mL-1), 10 (IC50 = 41.0 μg mL-1), 15 (IC50 = 33.0 μg mL-1), 16 (IC50 = 35.0 μg mL-1) and 20 (IC50 = 47.0 μg mL-1) showed weak leishmanicidal activities.
- Khan, Khalid Mohammed,Khan, Muhammad Zarrar,Taha, Muhammad,Maharvi, Ghulam Murtaza,Saify, Zafar Saeed,Parveen, Shahnaz,Choudhary, Muhammad Iqbal
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experimental part
p. 479 - 484
(2010/06/21)
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- Aminomethylation of organic halides promoted by zinc in protic medium
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Organic halides undergo smooth aminomethylation by secondary amines and aqueous formaldehyde promoted by metallic zinc under copper(I) catalysis. Good to excellent yields are obtained with primary, secondary, and tertiary iodides, allylic, propargylic, and benzylic bromides and with α-bromoesters. In most cases, DMSO is the best solvent, but dioxane is preferable for some more reactive halides. Additional experiments with radical quenchers and promoters and the use of 'radical clocks' indicate a stepwise reaction mechanism initiated by the attack of an alkyl radical to iminium ion.
- Estevam, Idália H. S.,Da Silva, Margarete F.,Bieber, Lothar W.
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p. 7601 - 7604
(2007/10/03)
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- N-Arylsulfonylamidines; Part 1. Synthesis of Tertiary Amines via Lithium Aluminium Hydride Reduction of N-Tosylamidines
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Tertiary N-tosylamidines are readily reduced by an equimolar amount of lithium aluminium hydride to the corresponding tertiary amines.
- Clerici, Francesca,Mare, Anna Di,Gelmi, Maria Luisa,Pocar, Donato
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p. 719 - 720
(2007/10/02)
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- Conveniant Method for Replacement of Tertiary N-Methyl by Other Alkyl Groups: Application to Morphine Alkaloids
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The replacement of N-methyl of N-methylpiperidine (1), 4-methylmorpholine (4), 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (7) and tropine (10) by n-propyl, n-butyl and isopropyl groups (3a-3c, 6c, 9a-9c and 12a-12c) has been achieved in high yields by quaternization of the respective tertiary amine with appropriate alkyl halide and demethylation of the resulting quaternary salt with thiophenoxide.It has been established that demethylation is strongly favoured over the removal of n-propyl and n-butyl groups, whereas deisopropylation occurs to some extent.Surprisingly, in the case of 11c, deisopropylation predominates.This method has been applied to morphine (13b), codeine (13d) and thebaine (14b) for similar replacements.The rapid quaternization of thebaine (14b) has been assigned to the absence of H-14 in this alkaloid.The fact that quaternary salts of thebaine, which are susceptible to aromatization of the nucleus by extrusion of the ethanamine chain, are smoothly demethylated to N-alkylnorthebaines (18a-18c) in good yields indicates that demethylation, a bimolecular nucleophilic displacement, competes very successfully with elimination reaction.
- Manoharan, T. Samuel,Madyastha, K. Madhava,Singh, B. B.,Bhatnagar, S. P.,Weiss, Ulrich
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