- Synthesis and biological evaluation of 7-methoxy-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-benzo[e]indazoles as new colchicine site inhibitors
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The colchicine site inhibitors (CSIs) displayed both antimitotic and vascular disrupting activities, therefore are promising potential antitumor agents. In this study, a series 1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-benzo[e]indazoles were found as new CSIs of which the bioactive configuration was locked. Among them, compounds C1 and C2 displayed the best activity, with tubulin polymerization IC50 of 3.4 and 1.5 μM, and growth IC50 of low nanomolar concentrations against human colon cancer cell lines. In addition, compound C1 showed excellent broad-spectrum antitumor activity in the NCI-60 Human Tumor Cell Lines Screen, encouraging further study of this antitumor compound.
- Jiang, Junhang,Zhang, Qingsen,Guo, Jiapeng,Fang, Shaoyu,Zhou, Ruolan,Zhu, Ju,Chen, Xin,Zhou, Youjun,Zheng, Canhui
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Read Online
- Synthesis of 2-tetralones via a novel 1,2-carbonyl transposition of 1-tetralones
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Simple acidic hydrolysis of epoxyamides 4, derived from 1-tetralones, furnishes the corresponding 2-tetralones in good yield.
- Pryde, David C.,Henry, Steven S.,Meyers
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Read Online
- Carbonyl 1,2-transposition through triflate-mediated a-amination
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To date, it remains challenging to selectively migrate a carbonyl oxygen within a given molecular scaffold, especially to an adjacent carbon. In this work, we describe a simple one- or two-pot protocol that transposes a ketone to the vicinal carbon. This approach first converts the ketone to the corresponding alkenyl triflate, which can then undergo the palladium- and norbornene-catalyzed regioselective a-amination and ipso-hydrogenation enabled by a bifunctional hydrogen and nitrogen donor. The resulting "transposed enamine" intermediate can subsequently be hydrolyzed to produce the 1,2-carbonyl-migrated product. This method allows rapid access to unusual bioactive analogs through late-stage functionalization.
- Wu, Zhao,Xu, Xiaolong,Wang, Jianchun,Dong, Guangbin
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p. 734 - 740
(2021/11/16)
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- Quantum chemistry calculation-aided structural optimization of combretastatin A-4-like tubulin polymerization inhibitors: Improved stability and biological activity
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A potent combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) like tubulin polymerization inhibitor 22b was found with strong antitumor activity previously. However, it easily undergoes cis-trans isomerization under natural light, and the resulting decrease in activity limits its further applications. In this study, we used quantum chemistry calculations to explore the molecular basis of its instability. Aided by the calculations, two rounds of structural optimization of 22b were conducted. Accelerated quantitative light stability testing confirmed that the stability of these designed compounds was significantly improved as predicted. Among them, compounds 1 and 3b displayed more potent inhibitory activity on tumor cell growth than 22b. In addition, the potent in vivo antitumor activity of compound 1 was confirmed. Quantum chemistry calculations were used in the optimization of stilbene-like molecules, providing new insight into stilbenoid optimization and important implications for the future development of novel CA-4-like tubulin polymerization inhibitors.
- Jiang, Junhang,Zheng, Canhui,Zhu, Kongkai,Liu, Jia,Sun, Nannan,Wang, Chongqing,Jiang, Hualiang,Zhu, Ju,Luo, Cheng,Zhou, Youjun
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p. 2538 - 2546
(2015/03/30)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-benzylidene-3,4-dihydronaphthalen- 2-one as a new class of microtubule-targeting agents
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A series of 1-benzylidene-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-one derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their biological activities in vitro and in vivo were evaluated. The results showed a number of the title compounds exhibiting potent nanomolar activity in several human cancer cell lines. Of these, compound 22b showed the strongest inhibitory activity against human CEM, MDA-MBA-435, and K562 cells (IC50 = 1 nM), displayed in vitro inhibition of tubulin polymerization (IC50 = 3.93 μM), and significantly induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. In addition, compound 22b could inhibit the tumor growth in colon nude mouse xenograft tumor model significantly and seemed safer than CA-4 when achieving a similar tumor suppression. This study provided a new molecular scaffold for the further development of antitumor agents that target tubulin.
- Liu, Jia,Zheng, Can-Hui,Ren, Xiao-Hui,Zhou, Feng,Li, Wei,Zhu, Ju,Lv, Jia-Guo,Zhou, You-Jun
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p. 5720 - 5733
(2012/07/30)
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- A concise method for the synthesis of 2-tetralone by titanium tetrachloride-promoted cyclization of 4-aryl-2-hydroxybutanal diethyl acetal
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4-Aryl-2-hydroxybutanal diethyl acetal, prepared from the reaction of benzyl Grignard reagent and glycidaldehyde diethyl acetal, was treated with titanium tetrachloride to give 2-tetralone in good yield. This highly efficient transformation involves tande
- Hon, Yung-Son,Devulapally, Rammohan
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scheme or table
p. 5713 - 5715
(2009/12/09)
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- TiCl4-promoted intramolecular cyclization of 4-methoxy-5-arylethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ones: an expedient method to prepare 2-tetralones
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DABCO is a very effective catalyst in the formation of 4-methoxy-5-arylethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ones 12 from the corresponding α-carbonatoaldehyde. Intramolecular cyclization of cyclic carbonates 12 promoted by TiCl4 affords 2-tetralones 13 contain
- Hon, Yung-Son,Devulapally, Rammohan
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experimental part
p. 2831 - 2834
(2009/09/30)
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- Heteroaryl β-tetralin ureas as novel antagonists of human TRPV1
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We report on a series of α-substituted-β-tetralin-derived and related phenethyl-based isoquinolinyl and hydroxynaphthyl ureas as potent antagonists of the human TRPV1 receptor. The synthesis and Structure-activity relationships (SAR) of the series are described.
- Jetter, Michele C.,Youngman, Mark A.,McNally, James J.,McDonnell, Mark E.,Zhang, Sui-Po,Dubin, Adrienne E.,Nasser, Nadia,Codd, Ellen E.,Flores, Christopher M.,Dax, Scott L.
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p. 6160 - 6163
(2008/03/18)
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- Synthesis and antifungal activities of novel 2-aminotetralin derivatives
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Novel 2-aminotetralin derivatives were synthesized as antifungal agents. The 2-aminotetralin scaffold was chemically designed to mimic the tetrahydroisoquinoline ring of the lead molecule described before. Their antifungal activities were evaluated in vitro by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Compounds 10a, 12a, 12c, 13b, and 13d are more potent than fluconazole against seven testing human fungal pathogens. Compound 10b exhibits much higher antifungal activities against all of the four fluconazole-resistant clinic Candida albicans strains than the control drugs including amphotericin B, terbinafine, ketoconazole, and itraconazole. The mode of action of some compounds to the potential receptor lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) was investigated by molecular docking. The studies presented here provide a new structural type for the development of novel antifungal compounds. Furthermore, 10b was evaluated in vivo by a rat vaginal candidiasis model, and it was found that 10b significantly decreases the number of fungal colony counts.
- Yao, Bin,Ji, Haitao,Cao, Yongbin,Zhou, Youjun,Zhu, Jü,Lü, Jiaguo,Li, Yaowu,Chen, Jun,Zheng, Canhui,Jiang, Yuanying,Liang, Rongmei,Tang, Hui
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p. 5293 - 5300
(2008/03/18)
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- Bicyclic antagonists selective for the αvβ3 integrin
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This invention provides novel bicyclic compounds of Formula (I): wherein u, v, m, Y, G, A—B, R1, R1a, R2, R4, R5, R5a, and R5b are defined in the specification which compounds exhibit activity as inhibitors of bone resorption and compounds of Formula (II) wherein u, v, m, Y, G, D, A—B, R1, R1a, R2, R3, R4, R5, R5a, and R5b are defined in the specification which compounds exhibit activity as inhibitors of bone resorption.
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- Electronic effects on enol acidity and keto-enol equilibrium constants for ring-substituted 2-tetralones
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Equilibrium constants for the ionization of a variety of phenyl-substituted 2-tetralones (pK(a)(K)), for the ionization of their enols (pK(a)(E)), and for keto-enol tautomerization (PK(E)) were determined. Hammett plots of pK(a)(K) and pK(a)(E) vs. σ are linear with slopes (-ρ) of -1.66 ± 0.06 and -0.90 ± 0.03, respectively, except for deviations of the points corresponding to 6-nitro-2-tetralone (1b) and its enol. We have previously attributed the negative deviation of 1b from the correlation for the acidities of the ketones obtained with the more limited set of data to the lack of a free electron pair on C-1 of the free tetralone (Nevy et al.). The negative deviation of the point for 1b from the correlation for the acidities of the enols suggests that charge transfer from the hydroxyl group of the enol to the nitro group is less important than it is for phenols. This study represents the first systematic study of electronic effects on equilibria among ketone, enol, and enolate in aqueous solution.
- Yao,Pollack
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p. 634 - 638
(2007/10/03)
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- Transition state imbalance in proton transfer from phenyl ring-substituted 2-tetralones to acetate ion
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Rate constants for the acetate ion-catalyzed ketonization of phenyl-substituted 2-tetralone enols have been determined by stopped-flow UV spectroscopy. From these rate constants and the keto - enol equilibrium constants, the rate constants (k-2) for enolization were calculated. A Bronsted plot of these rate constants (log k-2) vs the acidity of the appropriate 2-tetralone (pKaK) is linear, with a slope ( - αE) of - 0.78 ± 0.03, except for the point corresponding to 6-nitro-2-tetralone (4b). Rate constants for the ionization of 2-tetralone by substituted acetates were determined directly by NMR, giving a corresponding Bronsted βE of 0.54 ± 0.03. Both the negative deviation of the point for 4b from the correlation line for αE and the inequality between αE and βE indicate an imbalanced transition state for the proton abstraction of 2-tetralone by acetate ion. This reaction is impeded by a thermodynamic barrier of 11 kcal/mol, along with an intrinsic kinetic barrier of 14 kcal/mol. A comparison of the transition states for proton abstraction of 2-tetralone by hydroxide ion and by acetate ion shows similar transition state imbalance and intrinsic kinetic barriers for both reactions. The relevance of these results to the mechanism of enzymatic acceleration of enolization is discussed.
- Yao, Xudong,Gold, Mark A.,Pollack, Ralph M.
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p. 6220 - 6225
(2007/10/03)
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- A unique and convenient one-step preparation of spiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione
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A facile one-step synthesis of spiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione(1) from p-methoxyphenylacetyl chloride via a Friedel-Crafts acylation followed by ring closure is reported.
- Fivush, Adam M.,Strunk, Sanford R.
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p. 1623 - 1627
(2007/10/03)
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- 2-Amido-8-methoxytetralins: A Series of Nonindolic Melatonin-like Agents
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A series of unsubstituted and methoxy-substituted 2-amidotetralins (4a-q) was prepared and evaluated for their ability to complete for 2-iodomelatonin binding to chicken retinal membranes and for their potency to inhibit the calcium-dependent release of dopamine from rabbit retina.The lead compound, 2-acetamido-8-methoxytetralin (4j), showed a moderate affinity (Ki = 46 nM) and potency (IC50 = 1.4 nM) at the melatonin receptor.The structural requirements necessary for optimal agonistic activity at the melatonin receptor are as follows.First, the amido group, which should have a small, nonbranched alkyl group, is essential for affinity, and second, the methoxy substituent at the 8-position of the 2-amidotetralin ring is essential for optimal agonistic activity at the melatonin receptor.We concluded that this series of unsubstituted and methoxy-substituted 2-amidotetralins constitutes a class of nonindolic melatonin-like agents that can be used as pharmacological tools to further characterize melatonin receptors and to elucidate the mode of action of melatonin.
- Copinga, Swier,Tepper, Pieter G.,Grol, Cor J.,Horn, Alan S.,Dubocovich, Margarita L.
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p. 2891 - 2898
(2007/10/02)
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- The Intramolecular Buchner Reaction of Aryl Diazoketones. Substituent Effects and Scope in Synthesis
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Rhodium(II) acetate-catalysed cyclisation of α-diazoketones derived from 3-arylpropionic acid produces bicyclodecatrienones or 2-tetralones depending on the substitution pattern of the aryl ring in the precursor; the former products are transformed into the latter catalytically with trifluoroacetic acid.Precursors with methyl, methoxy, and acetoxy substituents have been examined, efficient cyclisation occurring in all cases.When the precursor contains a meta-methoxy substituent, 2-tetralones are obtained directly.The efficient conversion of 3-phenylpropionicacid into trans-1-methylbicyclodecan-2-one is also described, partial asymmetric synthesis having been realised through the use of rhodium (S)-mandelate as the cyclisation catalyst.Cyclisations of diazoketones derived from 4-phenylbutyric acid and 5-phenylpentanoic acid have also been studied; the former provides a new entry into the bicycloundecane system whereas the latter produces a 2,3-disubstituted cyclopentanone via C-H insertion.Aspects of the cycloheptatriene-norcaradiene equilibrium in fused ring systems are discussed.
- Kennedy, Michael,McKervey, M. Anthony,Maguire, Anita R.,Tuladhar, Sarbajna M.,Twohig, M. Fiona
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p. 1047 - 1054
(2007/10/02)
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- Use of an Axial α-Face Control Element in Intramolecular Conjugate Additions: Synthesis of an ABCD Tetracyclic Bruceantin Precursor
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An ABCD ring intermediate for the synthesis of the quassinoidal antileukemia agent bruceantin has been prepared.Control of stereochemistry of the C ring fusion has been established by a cesium fluoride mediated intramolecular conjugate addition of an α-face α-sulfonyl ester to an α-chloro enone (49); the product from this reaction is a pentacyclic cyclopropyl sulfone (60).Reductive silylation of this sulfone affords a regiospecific silyl enol ether (64) which can be converted to the natural BC ring stereochemistry by oxidative cleavage followed by intramolecular aldol reaction (64 to 69).A new method for the oxidative ring expansion of δ-lactones to α-keto δ-lactols is demonstrated.The procedure involves the conversion of a tertiary lactol to a β-methylthio exocyclic enol ether by the action of the Swern reagent (74 to 75 and 84 to 85); further oxidation of these β-methylthio enol ethers with osmium tetraoxide directly affords the ring-expanded α-keto lactols (86, 87).
- Suryawanshi, S. N.,Fuchs, P. L.
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p. 902 - 921
(2007/10/02)
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- Efficient Synthesis of Bicyclodecatrienones and of 2-Tetralones via Rhodium(II) Acetate-catalysed Cyclisation of α-Diazoketones derived from 3-Arylpropionic Acids
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Rhodium(II) acetate-catalysed cyclisation of α-diazoketones derived from 3-arylpropionic acids produces bicyclodecatrienones or 2-tetralones depending on the substitution pattern of the aryl ring; the former products are transformed into the latter by catalytic amounts of trifluoroacetic acid.
- McKervey, M. Anthony,Tuladhar, Sarbajna M.,Twohig, M. Fiona
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p. 129 - 130
(2007/10/02)
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- REGIOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF α-(PHENYLTHIO)CYCLOALKENONES AND OF α-PHENYL-α-(PHENYLTHIO)KETONES VIA αα-ADDITION OF PHENYLSULPHENYL CHLORIDE TO α-DIAZOKETONES
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Cyclic α-diazoketones react with phenylsulphenyl chloride at room temperature to furnish α-chloro-α-(phenylthio)cycloalkanones which undergo ready dehydrochlorination to α-(phenylthio)cycloalkenones when treated with triethylamine; acyclic, terminal α-diazoketones also furnish α-chloro-α-(phenylthio)adducts which are useful electrophiles in the synthesis of α-phenyl-α-(phenylthio)ketones.
- McKervey, M. Anthony,Ratananukul, Piniti
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p. 117 - 120
(2007/10/02)
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- SYNTHESE DU METHOXYCARBONYL-3 INDENE ET DE METHOXYCARBONYL-4 DIHYDRO-1,2 NAPHTALENES. OBTENTION DES β-TETRALONES A PARTIR DES α-TETRALONES CORRESPONDANTES
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The synthesis of variously substituted 3-methoxycarbonylindene and 4-methoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalenes is described.A simple and efficient method for the transformation of 1-tetralone into 2-tetralone is reported.
- Vebrel, Joel,Carrie, Robert
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p. 161 - 166
(2007/10/02)
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- Photoreactions of α-sulfonyloxyketones
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Earlier work on the photochemistry of α-sulfonyloxyketones uncovered their propensity to form the corresponding α-ketocarbonium ions on photolysis.Typical reactions such as intramolecular cyclizations, carbonium ion rearrangements, and solvent trapping were found.This paper describes an attempt to extend this reaction to a general synthetic technique for polyene cyclizations.During the course of this work two other major reaction pathways were found.The first is an α-keto carbonium ion to acylium ion rearrangement and the second is a photoreduction-elimination process that leads to an α-keto radical rather than the corresponding cation.
- Charlton, James Leslie.,Lai, Hoi Kiong.,Lypka, Gerald Nicholas
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p. 458 - 462
(2007/10/02)
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- Silanes in Organic Synthesis. 9. Enesilylation as a Method for 1,2-Carbonyl Migration within Ketones and for Conversion to 1,2-Transposed Allylic Alcohols
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Vinylsilanes are shown to be valuable synthetic intermediates in useful transformations of ketones.The epoxidation of vinylsilanes followed by lithium aluminium hydride reduction and oxidation with chromic acid and sulfuric acid in a two-phase (ether/water) system often gives high yields of 1,2-transposed ketones.With singlet oxygen and sequential sodium borohydride reduction, 2-trimethylsilyl alcohols are produced in which the α position of the parent ketone has been regiospecifically oxygenated.Fluoride ion promoted desilylation completes the conversion to the migrated allylic alcohol.
- Fristad, William E.,Bailey, Thomas R.,Paquette, Leo A.
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p. 3028 - 3037
(2007/10/02)
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