- A convenient synthesis of 4-nitrophenethylamine hydrochloride
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A short, convenient, and efficient synthesis of 4-nitrophenethylamine hydrochloride is described. The key step involved removal of water from 4-nitrophenylalanine monohydrate followed by decarboxylation.
- Joshi, Uday M.,Kobal, Balu S.,Joshi, Hemant V.
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- A process for preparing a broad pH fluorescent probe of the organic compound and use thereof (by machine translation)
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The present invention discloses a process for the preparation of a wide range of fluorescent probe in the pH of the organic compound, the organic compound can be produced according to the actual need to carry out any proportion of combination, and can be fixed in the hydrophilic high polymer further preparing and detecting water environment acidity and alkalinity of the product. The product can be realized to the pH value of the continuous measuring, thereby greatly improving the efficiency, sensitivity and repeatability. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0081; 0082; 0083
(2018/04/03)
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- Organic compound for detecting content of metal ions in water and application of organic compound
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The invention discloses an organic compound for detecting the content of metal ions. The compound adopts N-carbethoxy-N-methylpyridaniline as a metal ion complexing body, chromophore or fluorophore isintroduced into a molecule to generate a developing ind
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Paragraph 0027
(2018/09/14)
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- Protonation switching to the least-basic heteroatom of carbamate through cationic hydrogen bonding promotes the formation of isocyanate cations
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We found that phenethylcarbamates that bear ortho-salicylate as an ether group (carbamoyl salicylates) dramatically accelerate O-C bond dissociation in strong acid to facilitate generation of isocyanate cation (N-protonated isocyanates), which undergo subsequent intramolecular aromatic electrophilic cyclization to give dihydroisoquinolones. To generate isocyanate cations from carbamates in acidic media as electrophiles for aromatic substitution, protonation at the ether oxygen, the least basic heteroatom, is essential to promote C-O bond cleavage. However, the carbonyl oxygen of carbamates, the most basic site, is protonated exclusively in strong acids. We found that the protonation site can be shifted to an alternative basic atom by linking methyl salicylate to the ether oxygen of carbamate. The methyl ester oxygen ortho to the phenolic (ether) oxygen of salicylate is as basic as the carbamate carbonyl oxygen, and we found that monoprotonation at the methyl ester oxygen in strong acid resulted in the formation of an intramolecular cationic hydrogen bond (>C=O+-H...O) with the phenolic ether oxygen. This facilitates O-C bond dissociation of phenethylcarbamates, thereby promoting isocyanate cation formation. In contrast, superacid-mediated diprotonation at the methyl ester oxygen of the salicylate and the carbonyl oxygen of the carbamate afforded a rather stable dication, which did not readily undergo C-O bond dissociation. This is an unprecedented and unknown case in which the monocation has greater reactivity than the dication.
- Kurouchi, Hiroaki,Sumita, Akinari,Otani, Yuko,Ohwada, Tomohiko
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supporting information
p. 8682 - 8690
(2014/07/21)
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- 4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide-based fluorescent sensor with high selectivity and sensitivity for Zn2 + imaging in living cells
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A new 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide-based fluorescent sensor with iminodiacetic acid as receptor, was synthesized and characterized. Under physiological pH conditions, it demonstrates high selectivity and sensitivity for sensing Zn 2 + with about 5
- Liu, Da-Ying,Qi, Jing,Liu, Xiao-Yan,He, Hua-Rui,Chen, Jia-Tong,Yang, Guang-Ming
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p. 173 - 178
(2014/04/03)
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- Activation of electrophilicity of stable Y-delocalized carbamate cations in intramolecular aromatic substitution reaction: Evidence for formation of diprotonated carbamates leading to generation of isocyanates
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Although cations with three heteroatoms, such as monoprotonated guanidine and urea, are stabilized by Y-shaped conjugation and such Y-conjugated cations are sufficiently basic to be further protonated (or protosolvated) to dications in strongly acid media, only O-monoprotonated species have been detected in the case of carbamates even in magic acid. We found that the trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-catalyzed cyclization of arylethylcarbamates proceeds to afford dihydroisoquinolones in high yield. In strong acids, methyl carbamates are fully O-monoprotonated, and these monocations do not undergo cyclization even under heating. But, as the acidity of the reaction medium is further increased, the cyclization reaction of methyl phenethylcarbamates starts to proceed as a first-order reaction, with a linear relationship between rate and acidity. The sign and magnitude of the entropy of activation ΔS ? were found to be similar to those of other AAc1 reactions. These results strongly support the idea that further protonation of the O-protonated carbamates is involved in the cyclization, but the concentration of the dications is very low and suggests that the rate-determining step is dissociation of methanol from the diprotonated carbamate to generate protonated isocyanate, which reacts with the aromatic ring. Therefore, O-protonated carbamates are weak bases in sharp contrast to other Y-shaped monocations.
- Kurouchi, Hiroaki,Kawamoto, Kyoko,Sugimoto, Hiromichi,Nakamura, Satoshi,Otani, Yuko,Ohwada, Tomohiko
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p. 9313 - 9328,16
(2012/12/11)
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- Improved protocol for indoline synthesis via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular C(sp2)-H amination
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An efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of indoline compounds from picolinamide (PA)-protected β-arylethylamine substrates via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular amination of ortho-C(sp2)-H bonds. These reactions feature high efficiency, low catalyst loadings, mild operating conditions, and the use of inexpensive reagents.
- He, Gang,Lu, Chengxi,Zhao, Yingsheng,Nack, William A.,Chen, Gong
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2944 - 2947
(2012/08/28)
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- Synthesis and evaluation of novel phenylethanolamine derivatives containing acetanilides as potent and selective b 3-adrenergic receptor agonists
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In the search for potent and selective human β3-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonists as potential pharmacotherapies for the treatment of obesity and non-insulin dependent (type II) diabetes, we prepared a novel series of phenylethanolamine derivatives containing acetanilides and evaluated their biological activities at the human β3-, β2-, and β1-ARs. Among these compounds, the 6-amino-2-pyridylacetanilide (36b), 2-amino-5- methylthiazol- 4-ylacetanilide (36g), and 5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3- ylacetanilide (36h) derivatives showed potent agonistic activity at the β3-AR with functional selectivity over the β1- and β2-ARs. In addition, these compounds exhibited significant hypoglycemic activity in a rodent diabetic model.
- Maruyama, Tatsuya,Onda, Kenichi,Hayakawa, Masahiko,Suzuki, Takayuki,Kimizuka, Tetsuya,Matsui, Tetsuo,Takasu, Toshiyuki,Nagase, Itsuro,Hamada, Noritaka,Ohta, Mitsuaki
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experimental part
p. 533 - 545
(2010/09/06)
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- Efficient transformation of azides to primary amines using the mild and easily accessible CeCl3·;7H2O/NaI system
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(Chemical Equation Presented) Because of the nitrogen functionality, the azido group plays an important role in the synthesis of amines, and numerous reduction methods of azides to primary amines are reported. Recent reports have highlighted the capability of NaI as a useful reagent for this transformation when it is used in combination with a Lewis acid promoter. However, these methods often suffer from harsh reaction conditions; for this reason, the development of a simple and efficient protocol using NaI in presence of inexpensive and readily available cerium salts Lewis acids would extend the scope of this organic transformation. In continuation of our interest on the use of the CeCl3·7H2O/NaI system, in this paper we report how azides undergo reduction by NaI in the presence of CeCl 3·7H2O in refluxing acetonitrile under neutral conditions to produce the corresponding primary amines. The rate and yield of the reaction are considerably improved by employing this microwave-assisted procedure, and this may be of value for the preparation of densely functionalized molecules having biological and pharmaceutical activities.
- Bartoli, Giuseppe,Di Antonio, Giustino,Giovannini, Riccardo,Giuli, Sandra,Lanari, Silvia,Paoletti, Melissa,Marcantoni, Enrico
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p. 1919 - 1924
(2008/09/18)
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- The facile preparation of primary and secondary amines via an improved Fukuyama-Mitsunobu procedure. Application to the synthesis of a lung-targeted gene delivery agent
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An efficient modification of the Fukuyama-Mitsunobu procedure has been developed whereby primary or secondary amines can be synthesized from alkyl alcohols and the corresponding nosyl-protected/activated amine. Most importantly, the use of the DTBAD and diphenylpyridinylphosphine, as Mitsunobu reagents, generates reaction by-products that can be easily removed, providing a remarkably clean product mixture. This improved technique was implemented in the synthesis of a complex lipopeptide designed to target α 9β1-integrin proteins predominant on upper airway epithelial cells. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2005.
- Guisado, Cristina,Waterhouse, Jodie E.,Price, Wayne S.,Jorgensen, Michael R.,Miller, Andrew D.
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p. 1049 - 1057
(2007/10/03)
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- Amide derivatives or salts thereof
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Amide derivatives represented by general formula (I) or salts thereof wherein each symbol has the following meaning: ring B: an optionally substituted heteroaryl optionally fused with a benzene ring; X: a bond, lower alkylene or lower alkenylene optionally substituted by hydroxy or lower alkyl, carbonyl, or a group represented by —NH— (when X is lower alkylene optionally substituted by lower alkyl which may be bonded to the hydrogen atom bonded to a constituent carbon atom of ring B to form lower alkylene to thereby form a ring); A: a lower alkylene or a group represented by -(lower alkylene)—O—; R1a and R1b: the same or different and each hydrogen or lower alkyl; R2: hydrogen or halogeno; and Z: nitrogen or a group represented by =CH—. The compounds are useful as a diabetes remedy which not only functions to both accelerate the secretion of insulin and enhance insulin sensitivity but has an antiobestic action and an antihyperlipemic action based on its selective stimulative action on a β3 receptor.
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Page column 13
(2008/06/13)
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- New approach for the general synthesis of oxotetrahydroindoles via intramolecular cycloadditions of azomethine ylides with tethered alkynes
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A new method for the synthesis of oxotetrahydroindoles has been achieved employing an intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition approach involving mesoionic species (munchnones) with electron-deficient alkynes. The methodology is quite general and convergent as shown by the synthesis of a variety of tri- and tetrasubstituted oxotetrahydroindoles 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, and 34. LiI-based ester cleavage in the presence of an electrophilic acetylenic ketone was critical for formation of the requisite cycloaddition substrates. The cycloaddition is virtually unaffected by the presence of gem-dimethyl groups in the side chain (cf. 38). The presence of a substituted benzyl or a phenethyl moiety on nitrogen, a polarized acetylene, and an appropriate tether between dipole and dipolarophile are essential for obtaining optimal efficiency.
- Nayyar, Naresh K.,Hutchison, Darrell R.,Martinelli, Michael J.
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p. 982 - 991
(2007/10/03)
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- Sulphonamides containing a tetrazolyl radical
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The present invention provides sulphonamides of the general formula: STR1 wherein R is a hydrogen or halogen arom, a cyano group or a C1 -C6 -alkyl or trifluoromethyl radical, n is 1, 2 or 3, m is 0 or 1 to 5, X is a valency bond, an oxygen atom, a carbonyl group or a --CHOH-- group, A is a valency bond or a carbonyl group and B is a valency bond or an --NH-- group; the physiologically acceptable salts thereof with inorganic and organic acids, as well as the optical isomers thereof. The present invention also provides processes for the preparation of these compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
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- Molecular Armatures. Synthesis and Structure of Troegers Base Analogues Derived from 4-, 2,4-, 3,4-, and 2,4,5-Substituted Aniline Derivatives
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The preparation of biomimetic systems designed to mimic natural receptor sites and enzymic active sites requires the development of new synthetic strategies for preparing large molecules with predictable and well-defined shapes.In this paper a number of derivatives of 6H,12H-5,11-methanodibenzodiazocines are prepared.The scope and limitations of the reaction of formaldehyde with aniline derivatives are examined.The molecules prepared have potential value as conformationally restricted armatures for the construction of biomimetic molecular systems.A crystallographic study reveals that the molecules are folded and that the angle formed by the two aryl rings ranges from 88 deg to 104 deg.Sulfonamides, bromides, alcohols, and amines can be introduced as side-chain substituents in these systems.
- Sucholeiki, Irving,Lynch, Vincent,Phan, Ly,Wilcox, Craig S.
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- Potential Antitumor Agents. 36. Quanitative Relationships between Experimental Antitumor Activity, Toxicity, and Structure for the General Class of 9-Anilinoacridine Antitumor Agents
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Quantitative relationships (QSAR) have been derived between antileukemic (L1210) activity and agent physicochemical properties for 509 tumor-active members of the general class of 9-anilinoacridines.One member of this class is the clinical agent m-AMSA (NSC 249992).Agent hydrophobicity proved a significant but not a dominant influence on in vivo potency.The electronic properties of substituent groups proved important, but the most significant effects on drug potency were shown by the steric influence of groups placed at various positions on the 9-anilinoacridine skeleton.The results are entirely consistent with the physiologically important step in the action of these compounds being their binding to double-stranded DNA by intercalation of the acridine chromophore between the base pairs and positioning of the anilino group in the minor groove, as previously suggested.An equation was also derived for the acute toxicities of 643 derivatives of 9-anilinoacridine.This equation took a somewhat similar form to the one modeling antileukemia potency, emphasizing the usual fairly close relationship between potency and acute toxicity for antitumor agents in general.This study demonstrated the power of QSAR techniques to structure very large amounts of biological data and to allow the extraction of useful information from bearing on the possible site of action of the compounds concerned.
- Denny, William A.,Cain, Bruce F.,Atwell, Graham J.,Hansch, Corwin,Panthananickal, Augustine,Leo, A.
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p. 276 - 300
(2007/10/02)
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- An Efficient Reduction Of Nitriles And Amides To The Corresponding Amines With Tetra-N-Butylammonium Borohydride In Dichloromethane
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The reduction of nitriles and amides to the corresponding amines with tetra-n-butylammonium borohydride in dichloromethane has been reported, in which the other functional groups such as ester, nitro, and halogen attached to the aromatic ring are not affected.
- Wakamatsu, Takeshi,Inaki, Harumi,Ogawa, Akemi,Watanabe, Masako,Ban, Yoshio
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p. 1437 - 1440
(2007/10/02)
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