- Construction of isoxazolone-fused phenanthridinesviaRh-catalyzed cascade C-H activation/cyclization of 3-arylisoxazolones with cyclic 2-diazo-1,3-diketones
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A Rh(iii)-catalyzed cascade C-H activation/intramolecular cyclization of 3-aryl-5-isoxazolones with cyclic 2-diazo-1,3-diketones was described, leading to the formation of isoxazolo[2,3-f]phenanthridine skeletons. The protocol features the simultaneous one-pot formation of two new C-C/C-N bonds and one heterocycle in moderate-to-good yields with good functional group compatibility. It is amenable to large-scale synthesis and further transformation.
- Hu, Wangcheng,He, Xinwei,Zhou, Tongtong,Zuo, Youpeng,Zhang, Shiwen,Yang, Tingting,Shang, Yongjia
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supporting information
p. 552 - 556
(2021/02/06)
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- Amide/Ester Cross-Coupling via C-N/C-H Bond Cleavage: Synthesis of β-Ketoesters
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Activated primary, secondary, and tertiary amides were coupled with enolizable esters in the presence of LiHMDS to obtain good yields of β-ketoesters at room temperature. Notably, this protocol provides an efficient, mild, and high chemoselectivity method
- Chen, Jiajia,Joseph, Devaneyan,Xia, Yuanzhi,Lee, Sunwoo
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p. 5943 - 5953
(2021/04/02)
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- Synthesis of Dithiolethiones and Identification of Potential Neuroprotective Agents via Activation of Nrf2-Driven Antioxidant Enzymes
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Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of neurodegenerative disorders, and accordingly, dietary supplement of exogenous antioxidants or/and upregulation of the endogenous antioxidant defense system are promising for therapeutic intervention or chemoprevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Nrf2, a master regulator of the cellular antioxidant machinery, cardinally participates in the transcription of cytoprotective genes against oxidative/electrophilic stresses. Herein, we report the synthesis of 59 structurally diverse dithiolethiones and evaluation of their neuroprotection against 6-hydroxydopamine-or H2O2-induced oxidative damages in PC12 cells, a neuron-like rat pheochromocytoma cell line. Initial screening identified compounds 10 and 11 having low cytotoxicity but conferring remarkable protection on PC12 cells from oxidative-mediated damages. Further studies demonstrated that both compounds upregulated a battery of antioxidant genes as well as corresponding genes' products. Significantly, silence of Nrf2 expression abolishes cytoprotection of 10 and 11, indicating targeting Nrf2 activation is pivotal for their cellular functions. Taken together, the two lead compounds discovered here with potent neuroprotective functions against oxidative stress via Nrf2 activation merit further development as therapeutic or chemopreventive candidates for neurodegenerative disorders.
- Bai, Feifei,Fang, Jianguo,Song, Zi-Long,Zhang, Baoxin
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p. 2214 - 2231
(2020/03/06)
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- Assembling the prenylneoflavone system through a Pechmann condensation/Mitsunobu reaction/Claisen rearrangement/olefin cross-metathesis sequence
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Abstract: The multistep synthesis of a prenylneoflavone through a sequence of the Mitsunobu reaction/Claisen rearrangement/olefin cross-metathesis reaction has been accomplished in 5% yield over six steps starting from commercially available 3-methoxyacet
- Bennetau-Pelissero, C.,Bistodeau, J.,Khilya, Vladimir P.,Lozinski, Oleg A.,Shinkaruk, S.
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p. 605 - 610
(2020/05/06)
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- Radical Aza-Cyclization of α-Imino-oxy Acids for Synthesis of Alkene-Containing N-Heterocycles via Dual Cobaloxime and Photoredox Catalysis
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Nitrogen-containing heterocycles are prevalent in both naturally and synthetically bioactive molecules. We report herein an unprecedented protocol for radical aza-cyclization of α-imino-oxy acids with pendant alkenes via synergistic photoredox and cobaloxime catalysis. With or without alkenes as the intermolecular cross-coupling partners, the transformation provides a variety of corresponding alkene-containing dihydropyrrole products in satisfactory yields. In the presence of external alkenes, the tandem reaction generates E-selective coupling products with excellent chemo- and stereoselectivity.
- Tu, Jia-Lin,Liu, Jia-Li,Tang, Wan,Su, Ma,Liu, Feng
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supporting information
p. 1222 - 1226
(2020/02/15)
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- Design, Synthesis, and Biochemical Characterization of Non-Native Antagonists of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing Receptor LasR with Nanomolar IC50 Values
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Quorum sensing (QS), a bacterial cell-to-cell communication system mediated by small molecules and peptides, has received significant interest as a potential target to block infection. The common pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses QS to regulate many of its virulence phenotypes at high cell densities, and the LasR QS receptor plays a critical role in this process. Small molecule tools that inhibit LasR activity would serve to illuminate its role in P. aeruginosa virulence, but we currently lack highly potent and selective LasR antagonists, despite considerable research in this area. V-06-018, an abiotic small molecule discovered in a high-throughput screen, represents one of the most potent known LasR antagonists but has seen little study since its initial report. Herein, we report a systematic study of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) that govern LasR antagonism by V-06-018. We synthesized a focused library of V-06-018 derivatives and evaluated the library for bioactivity using a variety of cell-based LasR reporter systems. The SAR trends revealed by these experiments allowed us to design probes with 10-fold greater potency than that of V-06-018 and 100-fold greater potency than other commonly used N-acyl-l-homoserine lactone (AHL)-based LasR antagonists, along with high selectivities for LasR. Biochemical experiments to probe the mechanism of antagonism by V-06-018 and its analogues support these compounds interacting with the native ligand-binding site in LasR and, at least in part, stabilizing an inactive form of the protein. The compounds described herein are the most potent and efficacious antagonists of LasR known and represent robust probes both for characterizing the mechanisms of LuxR-type QS and for chemical biology research in general in the growing QS field.
- Blackwell, Helen E.,Manson, Daniel E.,Nyffeler, Kayleigh E.,O'Reilly, Matthew C.
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- Synthesis and biochemical evaluation of lid-open D-amino acid oxidase inhibitors
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Most of the known inhibitors of D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) are small polar molecules recognized by the active site of the enzyme. More recently a new class of DAAO inhibitors has been disclosed that interacts with loop 218?224 at the top of the binding pocket. These compounds have a significantly larger size and more beneficial physicochemical properties than most reported DAAO inhibitors, however, their structure-activity relationship is poorly explored. Here we report the synthesis and evaluation of this type of DAAO inhibitors that open the lid over the active site of DAAO. In order to collect relevant SAR data we varied two distinct parts of the inhibitors. A systematic variation of the pendant aromatic substituents according to the Topliss scheme resulted in DAAO inhibitors with low nanomolar activity. The activity showed low sensitivity to the substituents investigated. The variation of the linker connecting the pendant aromatic moiety and the acidic headgroup revealed that the interactions of the linker with the enzyme were crucial for achieving significant inhibitory activity. Structures and activities were analyzed based on available X-ray structures of the complexes. Our findings might support the design of drug-like DAAO inhibitors with advantageous physicochemical properties and ADME profile.
- Szilágyi, Bence,Hargitai, Csilla,Kelemen, ádám A.,Rácz, Anita,Ferenczy, Gy?rgy G.,Volk, Balázs,Keser?, Gy?rgy M.
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supporting information
(2019/01/31)
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- Development of 2-arylbenzo[: H] quinolone analogs as selective CYP1B1 inhibitors
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The CYP1B1 enzyme is regarded as a potential target for cancer prevention and therapy. Based on the structure of α-naphthoflavone (ANF), diverse 2-arylbenzo[h]quinolone derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as selective CYP1B1 inhibitors. Compared with ANF, although few of the title compounds possessed comparable or slightly higher CYP1B1 inhibitory activity, these compounds displayed a significantly increased selectivity toward CYP1B1 over CYP1A2. Among them compounds 5e, 5g and 5h potently inhibited the activity of CYP1B1 with IC50 values of 3.6, 3.9 and 4.1 nM respectively, paralleled by an excellent selectivity profile. On the basis of predicted clogP values, these target compounds may exhibit improved water-solubility compared to ANF. In particular, 5h showed a great superiority in the reversal of CYP1B1-mediated docetaxel resistance in vitro. The current study may serve as a good starting point for the further development of more potent as well as specific CYP1B1 inhibitors capable of reversing CYP1B1-mediated anticancer-drug resistance.
- Dong, Jinyun,Wang, Zengtao,Meng, Qingqing,Zhang, Qijing,Huang, Guang,Cui, Jiahua,Li, Shaoshun
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p. 15009 - 15020
(2018/04/30)
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- In situ generation of nitrile oxides from copper carbene and tert -butyl nitrite: Synthesis of fully substituted isoxazoles
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Herein, we present a novel [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of β-keto esters with nitrile oxides, which were generated in situ from copper carbene and tert-butyl nitrite. This three-component reaction provides new methodology for the direct synthesis of fully substituted isoxazole derivatives, featuring mild reaction conditions, readily accessible starting materials and simple operation. The experimental studies and DFT calculations suggest that the reaction starts with the generation of the key intermediate nitrile oxides, followed by a [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of β-keto esters to give the final isoxazole products.
- Chen, Rongxiang,Ogunlana, Abosede Adejoke,Fang, Shangwen,Long, Wenhao,Sun, Hongmei,Bao, Xiaoguang,Wan, Xiaobing
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supporting information
p. 4683 - 4687
(2018/07/06)
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- Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Tetrasubstituted α-Fluoro-β-enamino Esters: Efficient Access to Chiral α-Fluoro-β-amino Esters with Two Adjacent Tertiary Stereocenters
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An iridium-catalyzed highly efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of challenging tetrasubstituted α-fluoro-β-enamino esters was successfully developed using bisphosphine-thiourea (ZhaoPhos) as the ligand, which prepared a series of chiral α-fluoro-β-amino esters containing two adjacent tertiary stereocenters with high yields and excellent diastereoselectivities/enantioselectivities (73%-99% yields, >25:1 dr, 91%>99% ee, and turnover number (TON) values up to 8600), and no defluorinate byproduct was detected.
- Han, Zhengyu,Guan, Yu-Qing,Liu, Gang,Wang, Rui,Yin, Xuguang,Zhao, Qingyang,Cong, Hengjiang,Dong, Xiu-Qin,Zhang, Xumu
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supporting information
p. 6349 - 6353
(2018/10/15)
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- Reformatsky and Blaise reactions in flow as a tool for drug discovery. One pot diversity oriented synthesis of valuable intermediates and heterocycles
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The application of Reformatsky and Blaise reactions for the preparation of a diverse set of valuable intermediates and heterocycles in a one-pot protocol is described. To achieve this goal, a greener activation protocol for zinc in flow conditions has been developed to introduce this metal efficiently into α-bromoacetates. The organozinc compounds were added to a diverse set of ketones and nitriles to obtain a wide range of functional groups and heterocyclic systems.
- Huck,Berton,De La Hoz,Díaz-Ortiz,Alcázar
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supporting information
p. 1420 - 1424
(2017/05/12)
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- Rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of tetrasubstituted β-acetoxy-α-enamido esters and efficient synthesis of droxidopa
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A rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of challenging tetrasubstituted β-acetoxy-α-enamido esters was developed, giving chiral β-acetoxy-α-amido esters in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee). The products could be easily transformed to β-hydroxy-α-amino acid derivatives which are valuable chiral building blocks and a novel route for the synthesis of droxidopa was also developed.
- Guan, Yu-Qing,Gao, Min,Deng, Xu,Lv, Hui,Zhang, Xumu
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supporting information
p. 8136 - 8139
(2017/07/24)
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- Regioselective catalytic asymmetric C-alkylation of isoxazolinones by a base-free palladacycle-catalyzed direct 1,4-addition
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Isoxazolinones constitute a class of heterocycles utilized for the development of novel drug candidates. The cyclic oxime ester motif is also synthetically useful as it contains functional handles which have previously been used to provide access to an assortment of valuable compound classes not easily accessible by alternative approaches. However, asymmetric methods towards isoxazolinones are notoriously scarce. Herein we report the first catalytic asymmetric alkylations of isoxazolinones forming all-C-substituted quaternary stereocenters. The present studies were driven by the question of how to control the regioselectivity in the competition of different nucleophilic positions. The investigation of a direct 1,4-addition uncovered that a sterically demanding palladacycle catalyst directs the reactivity in the absence of a base nearly exclusively to the nucleophilic C atom, while at the same time it allows for high enantioselectivity and TONs up to 1900.
- Hellmuth, Tina,Frey, Wolfgang,Peters, Ren
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supporting information
p. 2788 - 2791
(2015/03/04)
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- A one-pot copper(II)-catalyzed tandem synthesis of 2-substituted pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-4(1H)-ones
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A one-pot copper(II)-catalyzed tandem synthesis of 2-substituted pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-4(1H)-ones from N-aminopyrroles was developed. This tandem reaction involves a Conrad-Limpach-type reaction, including the thermal condensation of N-aminopyrroles with the carbonyl group of β-oxo esters followed by the cyclization of Schiff base intermediates. Compared to the traditional Conrad-Limpach quinoline synthesis, we herein successfully applied copper(II) as a catalyst in this transformation to furnish 2-substituted pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-4(1H)-ones for the first time. Most of the substrates bearing electron-donating (EDG) and electron-withdrawing (EWG) groups worked well with this procedure. The corresponding products could be converted directly into diverse pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine for drug discovery and materials science. A copper(II)-catalyzed tandem synthesis of 2-substituted pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazin-4(1H)-ones from N-aminopyrroles was developed, and the corresponding products could be converted directly into diverse pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine for drug discovery and materials science.
- Tan, Cun,Xiang, Haoyue,He, Qian,Yang, Chunhao
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supporting information
p. 3656 - 3660
(2015/06/16)
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- 1,5-Diketones Synthesis via Three-Component Cascade Reaction
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A mild and efficient cascade synthesis of 1,5-diketones from readily available N,N-dicyclohexylmethylamine, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and trifluoromethyl β-diketones has been developed. This cascade reaction occurs via an oxidation/Mannich reaction/Cope elimination/Michael addition/retro-Claisen reaction sequence, and provides multiple C-C bond formations in one pot. In addition, exquisite chemoselectivity is achieved in the reaction between 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and trifluoromethyl β-diketones.
- Xing, Li-Juan,Lu, Tao,Fu, Wei-Li,Lou, Mei-Mei,Chen, Bo,Wang, Zhi-Shen,Jin, Yang,Li, Dan,Wang, Bin
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supporting information
p. 3076 - 3080
(2015/11/03)
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- 2-ARYLNAPHTHYRIDIN-4-ONES AS POTENT ANTITUMOR AGENTS TARGETING TUMORIGENIC CELL LINES
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In order to search for new antitumor drug candidates from 2-arylnaphthyridin-4-ones (ANs), we have designed and synthesized a series of 3 '-hydroxy or 6-hydroxy derivatives of ANs. Following the antitumor activity screening, most of these compounds were found to exhibit significant activity. Among them, 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-one (67) was the most promising. In a preliminary action mechanism study, the treatment of Hep3B hepatoma cells with compound (67) reveals that its mechanism of action is affect on microtubule and metastasis-related proteins. Then, the corresponding phosphate prodrug (86) of compound (67) was tested against Hep3B xenograft nude mice model for antitumor activity.
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Page/Page column 9; 14; 15
(2014/11/13)
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- One pot direct synthesis of β-ketoesters via carbonylation of aryl halides using cobalt carbonyl
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A direct method for the synthesis of β-ketoesters from aryl halides (iodide, bromide) has been described by using cobalt carbonyl as carbon monoxide source in microwave irradiation. Using this protocol, a wide variety of substituted aryl halides has been successfully converted to corresponding β-ketoesters.
- Baburajan, Poongavanam,Elango, Kuppanagounder P.
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supporting information
p. 3525 - 3528
(2014/06/10)
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- Design and synthesis of 6,7-methylenedioxy-4-substituted phenylquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives as novel anticancer agents that induce apoptosis with cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase
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Novel 6,7-methylenedioxy-4-substituted phenylquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives 12a-n were designed and prepared through an intramolecular cyclization reaction and evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity. Among the synthesized compounds, 6,7-methylenedioxy-4-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one (12e) displayed potent cytotoxicity against several different tumor cell lines at a sub-micromolar level. Furthermore, results of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis suggested that 12e induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase accompanied by apoptosis in HL-60 and H460 cells. This action was confirmed by Hoechst staining and caspase-3 activation. Due to their easy synthesis and remarkable biological activities, 4-phenylquinolin-2(1H)-one analogs (4-PQs) are promising new anticancer leads based on the quinoline scaffold. Accordingly, compound 12e was identified as a new lead compound that merits further optimization and development as an anticancer candidate.
- Chen, Yi-Fong,Lin, Yi-Chien,Huang, Po-Kai,Chan, Hsu-Chin,Kuo, Sheng-Chu,Lee, Kuo-Hsiung,Huang, Li-Jiau
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p. 5064 - 5075
(2013/09/02)
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- Quinolinyl pyrimidines: Potent inhibitors of NDH-2 as a novel class of anti-TB agents
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NDH-2 is an essential respiratory enzyme in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which plays an important role in the physiology of Mtb. Herein, we present a target-based effort to identify a new structural class of inhibitors for NDH-2. High-throughput screening of the AstraZeneca corporate collection resulted in the identification of quinolinyl pyrimidines as the most promising class of NDH-2 inhibitors. Structure-activity relationship studies showed improved enzyme inhibition (IC50) against the NDH-2 target, which in turn translated into cellular activity against Mtb. Thus, the compounds in this class show a good correlation between enzyme inhibition and cellular potency. Furthermore, early ADME profiling of the best compounds showed promising results and highlighted the quinolinyl pyrimidine class as a potential lead for further development.
- Shirude, Pravin S.,Paul, Beena,Roy Choudhury, Nilanjana,Kedari, Chaitanya,Bandodkar, Balachandra,Ugarkar, Bheemarao G.
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p. 736 - 740
(2012/10/29)
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- Highly diastereoselective and enantioselective synthesis of α-hydroxy β-amino acid derivatives: Lewis base catalyzed hydrosilylation of α-acetoxy β-enamino esters
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By design: A series of α-acetoxy-β-enamino esters 1 were synthesized and then subjected to catalytic asymmetric hydrosilylation. In the presence of a chiral Lewis base catalyst, the reactions proceeded smoothly to provide a wide range of chiral α-acetoxy β-amino acid derivatives in high yields with good diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities. Copyright
- Jiang, Yan,Chen, Xing,Zheng, Yongsheng,Xue, Zhouyang,Shu, Chang,Yuan, Weicheng,Zhang, Xiaomei
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7304 - 7307
(2011/09/16)
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- Dynamic kinetic resolution in the asymmetrie synthesis of β-amino acids by organocatalytic reduction of enamines with trichlorosilane
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A new methodology based on the organocatalytic asymmetric hydrosilylation of enamines that allows a direct access to a range of β3 and β2.3-amino acid derivatives was presented. The results show a successful reduction of aromatic substrates, a sterically more hindered ortho-substituted derivatives, and the thiophenyl analogue exhibiting lower reactivity. Fast enamine-imine equilibration is crucial as imines are chiral but racemic, while α-alkyl β-amino acids can be accessed by the symmetrical Mannich reaction. The α-alkyl derivatives have relative and absolute configuration due to their reduction with LiAlH4 into a known amino alcohols. Predominant formation of the anti isomer in 3o is consistent with conformation of the imine intermediate in the catalytic reduction.
- Malkov, Andrei V.,Stoncius, Sigitas,Vrankova, Kvetoslava,Arndt, Matthias,Kocovsky, Pavel
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 8082 - 8085
(2009/09/29)
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- Synthesis and biological activity of 7-phenyl-6,9-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[3,2-f] quinolin-9-ones: A new class of antimitotic agents devoid of aromatase activity
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The newly synthesized 7-phenyl-3H-pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinolinones 16-26 and previously 27 and 28 were assayed for their in vitro antiproliferative activity on tumor cell lines, and the lead compound 16 in vivo on a singenic hepatocellular carcinoma in Balb/c m
- Gasparotto, Venusia,Castagliuolo, Ignazio,Chiarelotto, Gianfranco,Pezzi, Vincenzo,Montanaro, Daniela,Brun, Paola,Palù, Giorgio,Viola, Giampietro,Ferlin, Maria Grazia
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p. 1910 - 1915
(2007/10/03)
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- PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES FOR TREATMENT OF HYPERPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS
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Pyrimidine derivatives of formula (I) in which J and Y represent aromatic or heteroaromatic rings; R2, G, G', and G" represent substituent groups and R2a represents H or halogen; L represents a linking group; and M represents CH or N. Pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and methods of using these compounds in treatment of hyperproliferative diseases such as cancer are also disclosed and claimed.
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Page/Page column 54
(2008/06/13)
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- Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of 2-phenylpyrroloquinolin-4-ones
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In our search for potential new anticancer drugs, we designed and synthesized a series of tricyclic compounds containing the antimitotic 2-phenylazaflavone chromophore fused to a pyrrole ring in a pyrroloquinoline structure. Compounds 8, 18, 19, 22, 23, 25 and 26, when tested against a panel of fourteen human tumor cell lines, showed poor in vitro cytotoxic activity, whereas 20, 21 and 24 showed significant activity (IC50 0.7 to 50 μM). Steroid hormone-sensitive ovary, liver, breast and adrenal gland adenocarcinoma cell lines displayed the highest sensitivity (IC50 0.7 to 8 μM). Compound 24 blocked cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and induced a significant increase in apoptotis. Compounds 20, 21 and 24 proved to alter microtubule assembly and stability, displaying a cytoplasmic microtubule network similar to that caused by Vincristine. In vivo, administration of compound 24 to Balb/c mice inhibited the growth of a syngenic hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Ferlin, Maria Grazia,Chiarelotto, Gianfranco,Gasparotto, Venusia,Dalla Via, Lisa,Pezzi, Vincenzo,Barzon, Luisa,Palu, Giorgio,Castagliuolo, Ignazio
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p. 3417 - 3427
(2007/10/03)
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- Efficient activation of zinc: Application of the Blaise reaction to an expedient synthesis of a statin intermediate
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Efficient and practical in situ zinc activation was accomplished by treatment with catalytic amount of an organic acid. The protocol was applied successfully to the Blaise reaction of various nitriles. Noteworthy is the excellent Blaise transformation of (S)-4-chloro-3-trimethylsilyloxybutyronitrile (2b) into tert-butyl (S)-6-chloro-5-hydroxy-3-oxohexanoate (1), a key intermediate for the preparation of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins).
- Shin, Hyunik,Choi, Bo Seung,Lee, Ki Kon,Choi, Hyeong-Wook,Chang, Jay Hyok,Lee, Kyu Woong,Nam, Do Hyun,Kim, No-Soo
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p. 2629 - 2632
(2007/10/03)
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- MEDICINAL COMPOSITION
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The present invention is composed of a pharmaceutical composition for the therapy of nephritis which comprises an amide derivative represented by the following formula [1] or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as an active ingredient: ???wherein R1 and R2 may be the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl which may be substituted, acyl, aryl which may be substituted, or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may be substituted; R3, R4, R5 and R6 may be the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, amino which may be substituted, alkyl which may be substituted, alkoxy or nitro and the like; and R7 represents cyclic amino which may be substituted or azabicycloalkylamino which may be substituted. The pharmaceutical composition of the invention is useful for the therapy of nephritis.
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- AMIDE DERIVATIVES AND DRUG COMPOSITIONS
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The present invention is composed of an amide derivative represented by the following formula [1] or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: ???wherein R1 and R2 may be the same or different and each is hydrogen, alkyl which may be substituted, acyl, aryl which may be substituted, or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may be substituted; R3, R4, R5, and R6 may be the same or different and each is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, amino which may be substituted, alkyl which may be substituted, alkoxy, or nitro and the like; and R7 represents cyclic amino which may be substituted or azabicycloalkylamino which may be substituted, and a pharmaceutical composition which comprises it as an active ingredient. The compound of the invention is useful as an inhibitor of TGF-β production or an antagonist of TGF-β.
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- Synthesis of 3,3',5-trihydroxybiphenyl-2-carboxylic acid, a component of the bitterest natural product amarogentin and its coenzyme A and N-acetyl cysteamine thiol esters
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3,3',5-Trihydroxybiphenyl-2-carboxylic acid (6), an ester component of the bitter-tasting natural products amarogentin and amaroswerin, was synthesized in six steps in 13.6% overall yield. Its N-acetyl cysteamine thiol ester (9) and its coenzyme A thiol ester (8), a likely biosynthetic precursor of the amarums, were also prepared.
- Wang, Chang-Zeng,Maier, Ulrich H.,Zenk, Meinhart H.
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p. 371 - 374
(2007/10/03)
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- Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions of ethyl diazoacetate with aldehydes. Synthesis of α-formyl esters by a sequence of aldol reaction and 1,2- nucleophilic rearrangement
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Ethyl diazoacetate reacts with a variety of aldehydes in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to give either β-keto esters or α-formyl esters, the types of products mainly depending upon the nature of Lewis acid catalysts employed. Reactions catalyzed by Lewis acids such as SnCl2 and SnCl4 provide β-keto esters via nucleophilic 1,2-hydride migration, while those catalyzed by trimethylsilyl triflate give α-formyl esters via migration of the substituent of the aldehyde. Reaction mechanisms are discussed.
- Kanemasa, Shuji,Kanai, Toshio,Araki, Takahiro,Wada, Eiji
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p. 5055 - 5058
(2007/10/03)
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- Simple and high yielding syntheses of β-keto esters catalysed by zeolites
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Simple and high yielding syntheses of several β-keto esters, catalysed by zeolite Hβ are reported. The methods developed include condensation of aldehydes with ethyl diazoacetate and transesterification of β-keto esters with primary, secondary, allylic and benzylic alcohols etc., all catalysed by Hβ. It was further observed that under microwave irradiation the yields of many aromatic β-keto esters were enhanced appreciably.
- Balaji,Chanda, Bhanu M.
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p. 13237 - 13252
(2007/10/03)
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- Antitumor agents. 174. 2',3',4',5,6,7-Substituted 2-phenyl-1,8- naphthyridin-4-ones: Their synthesis, cytotoxicity, and inhibition of tubulin polymerization
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Two series of 2',3',4',5,6,7-substituted 2-phenyl-l,8-naphthyridin-4- ones and 2-phenylpyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones have been synthesized and evaluated as cytotoxic compounds and as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. Most 2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-4-ones showed potent cytotoxic and antitubulin activities, whereas 2-phenylpyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones showed no activity in either assay. In general, a good correlation was found between cytotoxicity and inhibition of tubulin polymerization in the 2-phenyl-1,8- naphthyridin-4-one series. The 2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-4-ones (44-49) with a methoxy group at the 3'-position showed potent cytotoxicity against most tumor cell lines with GI50 values in the low micromolar to nanomolar concentration range in the National Cancer Institute's 60 human tumor cell line in vitro screen. Introduction of substituents (e.g. F, Cl, CH3, and OCH3) at the 4'-position led to compounds with reduced or little activity and substitution at the 2'-position resulted in inactive compounds. The effects of various A-ring substitutions on activity depend on the substitution in ring C. Compounds 44-50 were potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization, with activity nearly comparable to that of the potent antimitotic natural products colchicine, podophyllotoxin, and combretastatin A-4. Compounds 44-49 also inhibited the binding of radiolabeled colchicine to tubulin, but the inhibition was less potent than that obtained with the natural products. Further investigation is underway to determine if substitution at the 3'-position and multisubstitutions in ring C will result in compounds with increased activity.
- Chen, Ke,Kuo, Sheng-Chu,Hsieh, Ming-Chieh,Mauger, Anthony,Lin, Chii M.,Hamel, Ernest,Lee, Kuo-Hsiung
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p. 2266 - 2275
(2007/10/03)
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